Aspectos agronômicos de plantas de soja submetidas a déficit hídrico

Nunes, Antônia C.; Bezerra, Francisco M. L.; Silva, Roberta A. e; Silva Júnior, José L. C. da; Gonçalves, Flávia B.; Santos, Geovana A.

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p654-659

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SOIL, WATER AND PLANT MANAGEMENT • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 20 (7) • Jul 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n7p654-659 copiar

Aspectos agronômicos de plantas de soja submetidas a déficit hídrico

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento da soja submetida a manejos de irrigação com déficit hídrico controlado em diferentes fases fenológicas, na cultura da soja. A pesquisa foi conduzida no período de junho a outubro de 2014 em uma área experimental da UFT em Palmas, TO. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas por lâminas de irrigação que induziram as plantas a déficit hídrico no período vegetativo, reprodutivo e durante todo o ciclo tendo, como referência evapotranspiração potencial da cultura (ETpc) com quatro repetições. As subparcelas corresponderam a duas cultivares de soja: M9144RR e TMG1288RR. As variáveis avaliadas foram: dias para florescimento, dias para maturação, altura da planta, altura da primeira vagem, número de vagens por planta, diâmetro do caule, área foliar e produtividade. O manejo da irrigação com déficit hídrico moderado, 50% da ETpc, no período vegetativo promoveu as melhores características agronômicas além de contribuir para o aumento da produtividade das cultivares de soja avaliadas com destaque para a cultivar M9144RR.

Palavras-chave:
manejo de irrigação; produtividade; Glycine max (L.) Merril

Chemical								Physical
P	K	Ca	Mg	Al	OM (g dm^-3)	pH (H₂O)	pH (CaCl₂)	Density (kg dm^-3)	Granulometry
(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)							Clay	Silt	Sand
(mg dm^-3)		(cmol_c dm^-3)							g kg^-1
1.72	5.23	1.48	0.44	0.07	24.88	5.68	4.90	1.36	164.4	38.3	797.3

Treatment	Description
T1	Crop under water deficit along the entire cycle, irrigated with 25% ETpc
T2	Crop under water deficit along the entire cycle, irrigated with 50% ETpc
T3	Crop under no water deficit, irrigated with 100% ETpc
T4	Crop under water deficit of 25% ETpc during the vegetative stage, beginning the differentiation in V1
T5	Crop under water deficit of 50% ETpc during the vegetative stage, beginning the differentiation in V1
T6	Crop under water deficit of 25% ETpc during the reproductive stage, beginning the differentiation in R1
T7	Crop under water deficit of 50% ETpc during the reproductive stage, beginning the differentiation in R1

Treatment	Initial	VS		RS		Total
Treatment	M9144RR and TMG1288RR	M9144 RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288 RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR
T1	18.9	33.6	40.2	95.9	86.3	148.4	145.4
T2	18.9	71.2	80.5	185.9	194.0	276.0	293.3
T3	18.9	142.4	160.9	414.5	387.9	575.9	567.7
T4	18.9	33.6	40.2	426.3	387.9	478.8	447.0
T5	18.9	71.2	80.5	414.5	387.9	504.6	487.3
T6	18.9	142.4	160.9	93.0	86.3	254.3	266.1
T7	18.9	142.4	160.9	207.3	194.0	368.6	373.8

SV	DF	F test
SV	DF	DFl	DM	PH	FPH	NPP	SD	PH	Y
Blocks	3	4.52^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	2.12^ns ns Not significant;	7.97^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	3.16^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	0.91^ns ns Not significant;	4.06^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	-	0.13^ns ns Not significant;
Treatment (T)	6	20.41^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	44.68^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	33.81^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	66.51^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	191.7^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	64.41^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	23.49^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	124.28^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;
Residual (T)	18	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cultivar (C)	1	1564.97^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	46.17^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	3.81^ns ns Not significant;	10.51^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	2.03^ns ns Not significant;	74.69^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	5.05^* * significant at 0.05 probability level by F test; days until flowering (DFl); days until maturation (DM); plant he ight (PH); first pod height (FPH); number of pods per plant (NPP ); stem diameter (SD); leaf area (LA) and yield (Y)	19.61^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;
Interaction T x C	6	17.24^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	45.22^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	4.41^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	23.78^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	16.77^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	26.84^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	9.66^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;	26.81^ Significant at 0.01 probability level by F test;
Residual	21	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CV - T (%)	-	0.37	2.46	7.39	4.48	5.10	4.39	11.24	14.2
CV - C (%)	-	0.45	0.92	6.21	3.54	7.99	4.17	10.00	8.73

Treatment^* * For details of treatment see Table 2; Means followed by the same letter (lowercase in columms and uppercase in rows) do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 0.05 probability level	Variable
	DFl		DM		PH (cm)		FPH (cm)
	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR
T1	41.0bB	47.0aA	98.7dB	101.5dA	48.7dA	47.7dA	17.7bA	14.2dB
T2	43.0aB	47.0aA	99.5dB	111.2cA	56.9cA	52.7dA	16.4bA	13.4dB
T3	43.0aB	46.0bA	116.0aA	114.2bB	65.2bB	78.9aA	14.1cB	21.5cA
T4	41.0bB	46.0bA	113.0bA	111.5cB	57.1cA	60.5cA	17.8bA	15.3dB
T5	43.0aB	47.0aA	114.2bB	116.7aA	59.6cA	62.5cA	14.5cA	14.9dA
T6	43.0aB	46.0bA	101.7cA	102.2dA	69.2bA	68.2bA	23.0aB	27.8bA
T7	43.0aB	47.0aA	112.7bA	111.2cB	73.8aA	74.1aA	23.6aB	29.9aA

Treatment^* * For details of treatment see Table 2; Means followed by the same letter (lowercase in columms and uppercase in rows) do not differ statistically by the Scott-Knott test at 0.05 probability level	Variable
	NPP		SD (mm)		LA (cm²)		Y (kg ha^-1)
	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR	M9144RR	TMG1288RR
T1	12.1 cB	28.4 bA	4.19 cB	5.09 cA	496.50 cA	631.05 cA	706.15 fA	918.65 fA
T2	24.1 bB	37.8 bA	5.71 bA	5.48 bA	645.90 dB	1302.39 aA	1,342.62 eB	2,326.05 dA
T3	56.7 aA	36.5 bB	6.70 aA	5.42 bB	2399.49 aA	1309.03 aB	4,781.99 bA	3,643.14 bB
T4	26.7 bA	24.4 cA	4.49 cA	4.43 dA	1276.58 bA	1065.83 bA	3,375.35 cA	2,672.80 cB
T5	53.8 aB	74.5 aA	6.56 aA	5.93 aB	2188.74 aA	1506.27 aB	5,271.26 aA	3,994.66 aB
T6	22.1 bA	14.7 cA	5.99 bA	4.46 dB	1431.45 bA	1024.69 bB	1,395.13 eA	1,636.30 eA
T7	24.7 bA	19.1 cA	5.68 bA	4.87 cB	1446.46 bA	1561.10 aA	1,994.51 dA	1,820.93 eA

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[1] clemildanunes@yahoo.com.br (Corresponding author)