Production of cuttings and nutrient export by <i>Coffea canéfora</i> in different periods in the Southwestern Amazon

Bazoni, Patrícia A.; Espindula, Marcelo C.; Araújo, Larissa F. B. de; Vasconcelos, Jaqueline M.; Campanharo, Marcela

doi:10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n3p162-169

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Articles • Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient. 24 (3) • Mar 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n3p162-169 copy

Production of cuttings and nutrient export by Coffea canéfora in different periods in the Southwestern Amazon

Produção de estacas e exportação de nutrientes por Coffea canephora em diferentes épocas na Amazônia Sul Ocidental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Cutting is the main vegetative propagation method used for the production of Coffea canephora plantlets. In this method, parent plants are conducted in a specific field, called clonal garden, which must be managed to produce clonal cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of cuttings and the export of nutrients by Coffea canephora in different periods in the Southwestern Amazon. The experiment was carried out in a 6 × 3 split-plot scheme (repeated measures in time), consisting of the combination of six clonal Coffea canephora genotypes (plot) and three cutting collection periods (subplots). The genotypes were: C-057, C-088, C-089, C-125, C-130 and C-160; and the evaluation sampling times were January/2017, May/2017 and September/2017. The applied design was a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The dry season, from May to September, promotes lower orthotropic stem dry mass accumulation by Coffea canephora, but allows obtaining a larger number of viable cuttings for the production of clonal plantlets. Nutrient accumulation by orthotropic stems for cutting production follows the following order: N > K > Ca > Mg > S > P > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. Nutrient export by the cuttings follows a descending order: K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu.

Key words:
conilon coffee; clonal genotypes; vegetative propagules

Genotype	Jan	May	Sep	Mean	Jan	May	Sep	Mean
	Number of cuttings				Dry mass of cuttings
	(cuttings plant^-1)				(g plant^-1)
C-057	128	146	222	165 a	135	189.6	270.4	198.3 a
C-088	149	157	194	166 a	163.2	214.7	232.5	203.5 a
C-089	110	124	174	136 a	120.6	130.1	168.1	139.6 a
C-125	120	124	175	139 a	156.6	178.9	228.6	188 a
C-130	116	130	174	140 a	140.9	175.4	197.9	171.4 a
C-160	117	119	187	141 a	145.3	136.1	210.1	163.8 a
Mean	123 B	133 B	187 A	148	143.6 B	170.8 AB	217.9 A	175.5
CV (%)¹	31.29				33.32
CV (%)²	15.68				22.11
	January		May		September		Mean
	Dry mass of orthotropic stems
	(g plant^-1)
C-S057	1,754 ABb		2,128 Aa		1,357 Ba		1,746 a
C-S088	2,118 Aa		1,971 Aa		1,135 Ba		1,741 a
C-S089	1,387 Ac		1,320 Abc		830 Bb		1,179 a
C-125	1,946 Aa		1,707 Ab		1,163 Ba		1,605 a
C-130	1,456 ABc		1,925 Aa		976 Bb		1,452 a
C-160	1,742 Ab		1,642 ABb		1,143 Ba		1,509 a
Mean	1,734 A		1,782 A		1,101 B		1,539
CV (%)¹	30.13
CV (%)²	11.91

Genotype	Jan	May	Sep	Mean	Jan	May	Sep	Mean
	N accumulation in stems				P accumulation in stems
	(g plant^-1)
C-057	55 ABa	61.2 Aa	38.8 Ba	51.6 a	2.41 Ba	3.74 Aa	1.96 Ba	2.7 a
C-088	66.5 Aa	62.7 Aa	34.1 Ba	54.4 a	2.79 Aa	3.48 Aa	1.72 Ba	2.66 a
C-089	42.8 Ab	39.1 ABc	26 Bb	35.9 a	1.97 Ab	2.13 Ab	1.12 Ba	1.74 a
C-125	61.3 Aa	56.8 Aa	33.9 Ba	50.6 a	2.74 Aa	2.73 Ab	1.51 Ba	2.32 a
C-130	48.2 Ab	51.4 Ab	27.8 Bb	42.4 a	1.85 Bb	2.35 Ab	1.28 Bb	1.82 a
C-160	65.8 Aa	44.7 ABc	31.6 Bb	47.3 a	2.7 Aa	2.4 ABb	1.6 Ba	2.23 a
Mean	56.6 A	52.6 A	32 B	47.1	2.41 A	2.8 A	1.53 B	2.24
CV (%)¹	17.86				17.85
CV (%)²	6.37				7.22
	K accumulation in stems				Ca accumulation in stems
	(g plant^-1)
C-057	45.3 ABc	54.4 Aa	35.3 Ba	45 a	24.7 Ab	26.7 Aa	15.9 Ba	22.4 a
C-088	55.2 Ab	58.2 Aa	34.5 Ba	49.3 a	30.8 Aa	23.8 Aa	13.9 Ba	22.8 a
C-089	36.9 Ac	35.7 Ab	23.7 Ab	32.1 a	13.1 Ac	12 Ac	9.9 Ab	11.7 a
C-125	64.3 Aa	54.6 Aa	32.8 Ba	50.6 a	15.9 Ac	12.9 Ac	11.4 Ab	13.4 a
C-130	40.4 Ac	44.4 Ab	23.1 Bb	36 a	14.6 Ac	16.8 Ab	8.6 Bb	13.3 a
C-160	54.9 Ab	40.6 ABb	32.9 Ba	42.8 a	24.9 Ab	17.1 ABb	12.7 Bb	18.2 a
Mean	49.5 A	48 A	30.4 B	42.6	20.7 A	18.2 A	12.1 B	17
CV (%)¹	30.45				14.25
CV (%)²	14.59				6.40
	Mg accumulation in stems				S accumulation in stems
	(g plant^-1)
C-057	4 ABb	4.7 Aa	2.8 Ba	3.8 a	2.96	3.3	2.39	2.88 a
C-088	5.8 Aa	5.7 Aa	3 Ba	4.8 a	3.27	2.99	2.4	2.89 a
C-089	3.2 Ac	3 Ac	2.1 Ab	2.7 a	1.72	1.85	1.57	1.71 a
C-125	5.1 Aa	5.2 Aa	3.3 Ba	4.5 a	2.71	1.96	2.14	2.27 a
C-130	3 ABc	3.6 Ab	2.2 Bb	2.9 a	2.56	2.4	1.83	2.27 a
C-160	5.3 Aa	4.1 ABb	3.1 Ba	4.1 a	2.45	2.05	1.54	2.01 a
Mean	4.4 A	4.3 A	2.7 B	3.8	2.61 A	2.42 A	1.98 A	2.34
CV (%)¹	17.06				40.65
CV (%)²	6.66				21.46

Genotype	Jan	May	Sep	Mean	Jan	May	Sep	Mean
	Cu accumulation in stems				Fe accumulation in stems
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	47 Aa	49.9 Aa	58.2 Aa	47a	84	392	447	308 a
C-088	62.1 Aa	46.2 ABa	38.5 Bb	62.1 a	126	335	516	326 a
C-089	44.3 Aa	38.5 Aa	31.4 Ab	44.3 a	77	295	378	250 a
C-125	47.4 Aa	47.3 Aa	49 Aa	47.4 a	185	397	533	372 a
C-130	29.1 Bb	58.6 Aa	39 ABb	29.1 b	260	1.099	382	581 a
C-160	50.8 Aa	50.6 Aa	28.3 Bb	50.8 a	467	687	445	533 a
Mean	47 A	49.9 A	58.2 A	47 A	200 B	534 A	450 A	395
CV (%)¹	19.41				7.40
CV (%)²	10.50				9.01
	Zn accumulation in stems				Mn accumulation in stems
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	94.2	116.9	27.4	79.5 a	378 Ab	373 Ab	256 Aa	335 a
C-088	134.4	36.5	24.6	65.2 a	674 Aa	373 ABb	278 Ba	441 a
C-089	79.5	64.9	26.4	56.9 a	670 Aa	425 ABb	260 Ba	451 a
C-125	107.9	97.5	27.5	77.6 a	945 Aa	718 ABa	390 Ba	684 a
C-130	112.8	42.3	28.2	61.1 a	845 Aa	775 Aa	213 Ba	611 a
C-160	57.4	43.5	74.1	58.3 a	947 Aa	384 Bb	297 Ba	543 a
Mean	97.7 A	66.9 AB	34.7 B	66.4	743 A	508 A	282 B	511
CV (%)¹	13.05				10.34
CV (%)²	16.43				4.78

Genotype	Jan	May	Sep	Mean	Jan	May	Sep	Mean
	N export by cuttings				P export by cuttings
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	2,713	4,419	5,296	4,143 a	161	292	371	275 a
C-088	3,137	4,613	4,259	4,003 a	184	306	257	249 a
C-089	2,102	2,913	3,318	2,777 a	120	179	188	162 a
C-125	2,484	3,623	4055	3,387 a	114	216	228	186 a
C-130	2,509	3,340	3,649	3,166 a	144	206	233	194 a
C-160	2,513	3,130	4,252	3,298 a	160	177	240	193 a
Mean	2,576 B	3,673 AB	4,138 A	3,462	147 B	229 A	253 A	210
CV (%)¹	17.73				20.01
CV (%)²	9.99				11.19
	K export by cuttings				Ca export by cuttings
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	3,492	5,169	6,750	5,137 a	1,436	1,962	3,088	2,162 a
C-088	4,679	5,799	6,054	5,511 a	1,720	2,187	2,695	2,201 a
C-089	3,244	3,578	5,047	3,956 a	916	1,085	1,603	1,201 a
C-125	3,903	4,525	5,736	4,722 a	996	1,146	1,323	1,155 a
C-130	3,252	3,813	5,386	4,151 a	1,289	1,415	1,632	1,445 a
C-160	3,391	3,352	5,640	4,128 a	1,357	1,278	2,087	1,574 a
Mean	3,660 B	4,373 AB	5,769 A	4,601	1,286 B	1,512 AB	2,071 A	1,623
CV (%)¹	4.54				20.01
CV (%)²	2.29				11.19
	Mg export by cuttings				S export by cuttings
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	288	395	680	454 a	172	194	392	253 a
C-088	255	388	427	357 a	199	211	237	216 a
C-089	158	240	335	244 a	102	133	205	147 a
C-125	162	259	288	236 a	192	182	236	203 a
C-130	179	270	293	247 a	178	198	273	216 a
C-160	217	226	381	275 a	140	131	200	157 a
Mean	210 B	296 AB	401 A	302	164 B	175 AB	257 A	199
CV (%)¹	7.30				22.03
CV (%)²	4.14				12.54

Genotype	Jan	May	Sep	Mean	Jan	May	Sep	Mean
	Cu export by cuttings				Fe export by cuttings
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	2.5 Ca	5.5 Ba	17.8 Aa	8.6 a	18.9	45.7	46.7	37.1 a
C-088	2.9 Ca	5.1 Ba	10.3 Ab	6.1 a	11.9	19	38	23 a
C-089	2.1 Ba	3.3 Bb	13.8 Ab	6.4 a	16.2	12.3	37.8	22.1 a
C-125	3.2 Ca	6 Ba	15.1 Aa	8.1 a	5.5	14.5	49.9	23.3 a
C-130	2.9 Ca	6.4 Ba	11.5 Ab	6.9 a	5	23.5	31.9	20.2 a
C-160	3.7 Ba	3.9 Bb	11.4 Ab	6.3 a	9.4	15.4	40.1	21.6 a
Mean	2.9 C	5 B	13.3 A	7.1	11.1 B	21.7 B	40.7 A	24.5
CV (%)¹	22.37				35.60
CV (%)²	14.18				22.64
	Zn export by cuttings				Mn export by cuttings
	(mg plant^-1)
C-057	8.9 Ba	2.4 Ca	85.1 Aa	32.1 a	33	28.5	42.2	34.6 b
C-088	12.2 Ba	3.7 Ca	53.2 Aa	23 a	33.6	32.3	33.5	33.1 b
C-089	7.2 Ba	2.7 Ca	30 Aa	13.3 a	51.1	39.2	51.4	47.3 a
C-125	9.8 Ba	6 Ca	35.3 Aa	17 a	55.4	65.7	63	61.4 a
C-130	7.6 Ba	6.4 Ca	18.2 Aa	10.7 a	81.5	50.7	57.4	63.2 a
C-160	8.4 Ba	1.9 Ca	19.9 Aa	10.1 a	58.5	40.2	55.2	51.3a
Mean	9 B	3.8 C	40.3 A	17.7	52.2 A	42.8 A	50.5 A	48.4
CV (%)¹	26.18				30.57
CV (%)²	19.37				13.97

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[1] Marcelo C. Espindula - E-mail: marcelo.espindula@embrapa.br (Corresponding author)