This work presents a conceptual exposition, with no reference to mathematical formalism, on the ideas of space and time, from Newtonian mechanics, which rests on the concept of an absolute space, up to the great transformations brought by Einstein's theory of relativity. We emphasize the philosophical critics upon the notion of this completely objective absolute space, prior to any experience, as well as how physical objections against the idea of absolute movement have led to the formulation of the special and the general relativity.
absolute space; space-time; mechanics; relativity