Prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and associated factors in adolescents of the RPS cohort, in São Luís (MA), Brazil

ABSTRACT:

Objectives:

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in adolescents from the São Luís, Maranhão birth cohort.

Method:

Cross-sectional study conducted with 2,514 adolescents aged 18 and 19 years old. A hierarchical approach was used, and prevalence ratios were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. Sociodemographic characteristics (gender, race, economic class, and occupation), lifestyle (leisure activities, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug use, coffee and energy consumption, physical activity, body adiposity, screen time, and depression), and factors related to sleep were studied.

Results:

The prevalence of EDS was 36.8%. The female gender (PR = 1.33; 95%CI 1.19 - 1.49), high risk for alcohol consumption (PR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.09 - 1.46), current major depressive episode (PR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.08 - 1.46), sleep alteration score from 10 to 18 (PR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.10 - 1.85), and sleep score from 5 to 7 of daytime dysfunction (PR = 2.51; 95%CI 2.06 - 3.07) were risk factors for EDS. Economic class D/E was a protective factor for EDS (PR = 0.47; 95%CI 0.27 - 0.85).

Conclusion:

More than one-third of adolescents had EDS. Adolescents at higher risk need to improve their sleeping habits and lifestyle so that they no longer have EDS and can improve their quality of life.

Keywords:
Sleep; Teens; Sleepiness; Adolescent health