SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG OLDER ADULTS: A META-ANALYSIS

The accelerated modernization process has entailed changes in the lifestyle of people, such as exposure to sedentary behavior, and this in turn may affect the nutritional status. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to analyze observational studies that assessed the association between exposure time to sedentary behavior and nutritional status (overweight/malnutrition) in individuals aged ≥60 years. BVS, PubMed and Web of Science were the databases used in the search for observational studies, published until November 28, 2017, which have examined the association between exposure time to sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Two authors undertook the reading of titles and abstracts and applied the STROBE checklist independently. The Odds Ratio was calculated using the random effects model. Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis and involved 21415 individuals. All the studies covered most of the items suggested by the STROBE checklist. Of the total, four studies showed association between sedentary behavior and nutritional status. Longer exposure to sedentary behavior did not increase the odds of overweight and/or obesity (OR 1.32; 95%; CI 0.95-1.84). It is suggested that further studies with standardized criteria for measuring sedentary behavior and nutritional status are undertaken. Level of Evidence II; Systematic review of level II studies.

Keywords:
Sedentary lifestyle; Overweight; Malnutrition; Aged

Auhor and year	Country	Age	Sample	Type of study	Objective	Sedentary behavior		BMI classification	Adjustment	Strobe
Auhor and year	Country	Age	Sample	Type of study	Objective	Evaluation instrument	Definition	BMI classification	Adjustment	Strobe
Boscatto et al. 2013	Brazil	80-100	124	Cross-sectional	Examine the association between nutritional status and sociodemographic variables, health conditions and lifestyle of both men and women	Questionnaire	Time sitting <4 hours/day 4-6 hours/day ≥6 hours/day	Nutrition Screening Initiative, 1992	Sex, medication use and smoking	19
Dogra e Stathokostas 2014	Canada	≥65	14560	Cross-sectional	Identify potential sociodemographic, physical environmental, psychosocial and health variables correlated to sitting time in the elderly	Questionnaire	Time sitting <4 hours/day ≥4 hours/day	WHO, 1995	Age and sex	18
Fares et al. 2012	Brazil	60-100	768	Cross-sectional	To verify the association of nutritional status with sociodemographic, lifestyle and conditions of both men and women in two different municipalities in Brazil	Questionnaire	Time sitting <4 hours/day 4-6 hours/day ≥6 hours/day	Nutrition Screening Initiative, 1992	Age, sex, family arrangement, smoking, hypertension, arthrosis, medications, lifelong occupation, and alcohol consumption	18
Gao, Nelson e Tucker 2007	Porto Rico and Dominican Republic	≥60	455	Cross-sectional	Examine the association between TV viewing time and prevalence of metabolic syndrome	Questionnaire	Watch TV ≤840 minutes/week >840 minutes/week	WHO, 1995	Age, sex, ethnicity, schooling, family arrangement, smoking, alcohol consumption	19
Gomez-Cabello et al. 2012	Spain	≥65	457	Cross-sectional	Establish the influence of sitting time on the composition of women's bodies	Questionnaire	Time sitting <4 hours/day ≥4 hours/day	WHO, 1995	Active behavior (hours spent walking)	19
Inoue et al. 2012	Japan	65-74	1806	Cross-sectional	Examine the joint association of viewing time and overweight and obesity MVPA in men and women	Questionnaire	Watch TV ≤840 minutes/week >840 minutes/week	WHO, 1995	Age, gender, schooling professional situation, hometown, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical functionality	20
Kikuchi et al. 2013	Japan	65-74	1665	Cross-sectional	To analyze the association between sociodemographic attributes and time spent watching TV time in both men and women	Questionnaire	Watch TV <2 hours/day >2 hours/day	Underweight <20 kg/m² Normal weight 20-24.9 kg/m² Overweight ≥25kg/m²^* * Reference not reported by the author.	MVPA, Health self-perception and BMI	18
Kikuchi et al. 2014	Japan	65-74	1580	Cross-sectional	Identify SBL categories and examine the association between health and well-being rates in bothmen and women	Questionnaire	SBL (watching TV, using a computer, reading books and newspapers, listening or speaking while sitting) (minutes / day)	WHO, 1995	Age, sex, MVPA, schooling, municipality, professional situation and life arrangement	20

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[1] Correspondence: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Nucleus of Studies in Physical Activity and Health. Av. Tutunas, 490, Tutunas, Uberaba, MG, Brazil. 38061-500. brunodefreitascamilo@yahoo.com.br