Development of Convection on the Northeast Region of Brazil, organized by extremities of frontal zones.

Abstract

At the extremities of frontal zones, which pass in the Northeastern Brazil (NEB), convection and intense rainfall in some events were developed and, in other fronts, were not. Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the differences in dynamic and thermodynamic processes in these events and to create circulation patterns. Reanalysis data from the global NCEP / NCAR model and satellite infrared images were used for the period of ten years (2000-2009). During the studied period, 103 frontal zones were identified in the NEB. The highest number of the fronts was detected in 2002 and 2007 (14 and 13, respectively) and the lowest in 2004 and 2005 (5 and 6, respectively). Convective activity at the front extremities was formed in 68 events (Group 1, G1) and in 35 events a low active cloud band was identified (Group 2, G2). The thermodynamic was based on the analysis of radiosonde data in the 5 meteorological stations of NEB and instability was evaluated by CAPE and instability indexes K, TT and LI. CAPE and LI showed the greatest differences in G1 and G2. G1 events were found during all seasons of the year, but, more frequently, they were detected during the summer (33 cases), in the cold (19 cases) and hot (14 events) transitions and 1 event in the winter. The G2 events were more frequent during the winter (22 events), 7 events were observed in the cold and hot transitions and none was observed during the summer. Circulation patterns in G1 and G2 were developed at the low, medium and high levels. Synoptic systems of G1 created confluence of currents at the low and medium levels over the NEB, however, in G2, an anticyclonic circulation was observed. The presence of Upper Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortex (UTCV) or an intense trough was typical for G1 at the high levels. Circulation patterns and conclusions about the use of instability indices can facilitate the forecast of the convection development at the frontal extremities.

Keywords:
frontal systems; convective processes; Northeastern Brazil