Insecticidal activity of essential oil of <i>Cannabis sativa</i> against the immature and adult stages of <i>Ctenocephalides felis felis</i>

Soares, Eduardo Fellipe Melo Santos; Carlos, Daniel Falcão Lopes Princisval; Epifanio, Neide Mara de Menezes; Coumendouros, Katherina; Cid, Yara Peluso; Chaves, Douglas Siqueira de Almeida; Campos, Diefrey Ribeiro

doi:10.1590/S1984-29612023003

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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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Short Communication • Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet. 32 (1) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612023003 copy

Insecticidal activity of essential oil of Cannabis sativa against the immature and adult stages of Ctenocephalides felis felis

Atividade inseticida do óleo essencial de Cannabis sativa frente aos estágios imaturos e adultos de Ctenocephalides felis felis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Essential oil (EO) of Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) was evaluated against the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of the flea Ctenocephalides felis felis. The chemical composition of EO was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry. EO mainly comprised γ-elemene (16.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (14.2%) as major compounds. To evaluate the mortality of flea stages in vitro, filter paper tests were performed at different concentrations. EO of C. sativa showed insecticidal activity (100% mortality at the highest concentrations) for flea control at egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages, with lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of 32.45; 91.61; 466.41 and 927.92 μg/cm², respectively. EO of C. sativa indicated the potential for the development of ectoparasiticide for veterinary use, especially for fleas in egg and larval stages.

Keywords:
Flea; ectoparasite; mortality; pets; volatile oil; biocontrol

Peak	Retention time	Linear Retention Index	%	Component
1	9.086	931	1.246	α-pinene
2	10.896	976	0.4536	β-pinene
3	11.221	985	5.5975	β-mircene
4	13.095	1027	2.3299	Limonene
5	13.334	1032	0.9226	Eucalyptol
6	13.792	1042	5.8167	1,3,6-Octatriene
7	16.397	1098	1.3577	Linalool
8	31.341	1412	0.4831	Bergamotene
9	31.621	1418	0.5546	Caryophyllene
10	31.812	1423	16.2067	γ-elmene
11	32.077	1429	0.9223	Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene
12	32.217	1432	3.9773	1,6,10-Dodecatriene
13	32.978	1449	7.0382	α-humulene
14	33.387	1458	5.2006	Alloaromadendrene
15	34.611	1486	0.4608	γ-amorphene
16	34.865	1492	1.8945	Viridiflorene
17	35.152	1498	2.5317	α-farnesene
18	35.365	1503	0.3312	β-bisabolene
19	35.47	1506	0.8691	Germacrene A
20	35.923	1517	0.4725	δ-Cadinene
21	36.179	1523	2.1633	(Z)-nerolidol
22	36.683	1535	2.8117	α-cadinene
23	36.937	1541	7.8595	Selina-3,7(11)-diene
24	37.149	1546	10.0128	(E)-Dauca-4(11),7-diene
25	37.675	1559	1.3268	Germacrene B
26	37.932	1565	14.1597	Caryophyllene oxide
27	38.911	1588	0.669	Viridiflorol
28	40.569	1629	0.791	Unidentified
29	41.825	1661	0.7826	Intermedeol
30	43.57	1705	0.7567	N-heptadecane

Eggs (72 hours)	Larvae (24 hours)	Pupae (15 days)	Adults (24 hours)

µg/mL	µg/cm²	Mortality (%)	µg/mL	µg/cm²	Mortality (%)	µg/mL	µg/cm²	Mortality (%)	µg/mL	µg/cm²	Mortality (%)
Placebo	- - -	0	Placebo	- - -	0	Placebo	- - -	0	Placebo	- - -	0
625	12	17.6	1250	25	5	10000	200	15	20000	400	12
1250	25	23.5	2500	50	20	20000	400	40	40000	800	36
2500	50	41.2	5000	100	45	40000	800	75	60000	1200	60
5000	100	64.7	10000	200	90	60000	1200	85	80000	1600	77
10000	200	100	20000	400	100	80000	1600	100	100000	2000	90
LC₅₀		32.45 μg/cm²	LC₅₀		91.61 μg/cm²	LC₅₀		466.41 μg/cm²	LC₅₀		927.92 μg/cm²
Minimum - Maximum		(11.07 - 69.13 μg/cm²)	Minimum - Maximum		(63.89 - 130.70 μg/cm²)	Minimum - Maximum		(300.35 - 643.71 μg/cm²)	Minimum - Maximum		(653.92 - 1198.53 μg/cm²)
R²		0.927	R²		0.986	R²		0.969	R²		0.987

Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária FCAV/UNESP - Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Zona Rural, , 14884-900 Jaboticabal - SP, Brasil, Fone: (16) 3209-7100 RAMAL 7934 - Jaboticabal - SP - Brazil
E-mail: cbpv_rbpv.fcav@unesp.br

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[1] *Corresponding author: Eduardo Fellipe Melo Santos Soares. E-mail: edu.fellipe@live.com