The objective of this study was to evaluate impacts of ignoring the dominance effects on the estimation of genetic parameters and prediction of genetic values by the restricted maximum likelihood method, under the additive animal model, using MTDFREML. Two gene action models were simulated for the same genomic architecture: one model that included only additive effects of the genes and the other with additive effects and positive and complete dominance into 100% of the loci. Under each genetic model, three base populations were generated corresponding to the characteristics with heritabilities of 0.15 (low), 0.30 (average) and 0.60 (high). Starting from the base populations the initial populations were generated which by selection and mating at random, for six consecutive and discrete generations, each one produced 18,000 animals with record. The estimates of the components of variance and heritability obtained in the model with additive gene action were similar to the actual values for all traits, while under dominance gene action, every component was overestimated, especially the additive genetic variance. The non-estimated dominance variance by the animal model adopted was redistributed between the additive genetic and residual components estimated. Accuracy was lost in the genetic evaluation, under the genetic model with dominance, that resulted in smaller correlations between the actual and predicted breeding values of the animals. Additional studies are needed since the simulated genome might not correspond to the true biological systems.
animal model; BLUP; components of variance; heritability; intralocus interaction; simulation
