Corrective phosphate application as a practice for reducing oxidative stress and increasing productivity in sugarcane

Silva, Ariane Márcia de Sousa; Oliveira, Emídio Cantídio Almeida de; Willadino, Lilia Gomes; Freire, Fernando José; Rocha, Alexandre Tavares da

doi:10.5935/1806-6690.20190022

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Soil Science • Rev. Ciênc. Agron. 50 (2) • Apr-Jun 2019 • https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20190022 copy

Corrective phosphate application as a practice for reducing oxidative stress and increasing productivity in sugarcane¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/UFRPE

Fosfatagem como prática para redução do estresse oxidativo e ganho de produtividade na cana-de-açúcar

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Corrective phosphate application increases the levels of phosphorus (P) in the surface layer of the soil, stimulates plant root growth and increases the volume of soil exploited for water and nutrient uptake, which may reduce abiotic oxidative stress in sugarcane. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productivity and the response of the antioxidant enzyme system in sugarcane when grown in soil that received corrective phosphate application, using doses and sources of P of varying solubility. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in the southern Forest Zone of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a randomised block design, in a (4 × 3) +1 factorial scheme with four replications. The factors consisted of a control (with no phosphate application) and the doses (50, 100, 200 and 300 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 ) and sources (reactive natural phosphate, triple superphosphate and sugarcane press mud) of P applied during the pre-planting stage of the plant cane cycle. The P content of the leaf tissue was considered adequate, and was not influenced by the phosphate application. Phosphate application at an estimated dose of 150 kg P₂O₅ ha^-1 reduced antioxidant enzyme activity and increased shoot dry matter (SDM) by 25.0% and stalk productivity by 8.5%. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed the highest positive correlation coefficient with the other antioxidant enzymes, and a negative correlation with SDM, and can be used to evaluate abiotic stress that promotes reductions in sugarcane productivity.

Key words:
Saccharum spp.; Phosphorous; Antioxidant enzymes; Mineral nutrition

P source	P content		SDM		TSH	TPH
	120	210	SDM		TSH	TPH
	--------------- g kg^-1 ----------------		g plant^-1	Mg ha^-1	-------------- Mg ha^-1 --------------
RNP⁽¹⁾ (1) RNP - reactive natural phosphate;	3.9	3.6	788.2	74.7 B	124.4	15.7
TS⁽²⁾ (2) TS - triple superphosphate;	4.1	3.3	844.2	91.0 A	126.5	15.2
PM⁽³⁾ (3) PM - Sugarcane Press Mud.	3.9	3.5	791.4	71.7 B	124.1	15.4
Control	3.7	3.3	736.5	63.4	116.8	13.9
P_Source	0.45^ns	2.32^ns	1.06^ns	11.08**	0.25^ns	0.28^ns
P_Dose	0.98^ns	0.93^ns	3.67*	4.20*	0.72*	0.42^ns
F_{Source x Dose}	0.52^ns	1.14^ns	1.69^ns	2.58^ns	0.36^ns	0.46^ns
SMD⁽⁴⁾ (4) SMD - significant mean deviation;	0.53	0.40	105.47	10.82	9.02	1.54
CV (%)⁽⁵⁾ (5) CV - coefficient of variation	15.45	13.25	15.10	15.81	8.35	11.50
Orthogonal Contrast
Control v. Phosphate treatments
T-test (p>0.05)	-1.916^ns	1.644^ns	2.159*	-0.733*	-3.077**	-3.476**
F-test (p>0.05)	3.672^ns	2.106^ns	4.663*	0.537*	9.471**	12.080**

SOURCE	SOD		CAT		APX
	120	210	120	210	120	210
	--------- SOD mg ^-1 FM ---------		---------------------------- µmol min^-1 mg^-1 FM --------------------------
RNP⁽¹⁾ (1) RNP - reactive natural phosphate;	6.8	4.0 B	39.9	51.8	168.0 A	73.7
TS⁽²⁾ (2) TS - triple superphosphate;	6.7	5.6 A	41.2	56.8	143.4 B	75.4
PM⁽³⁾ (3) PM - Sugarcane Press Mud.	6.6	6.0 A	36.8	58.6	145.3 B	75.9
Control	13.7	8.2	48.9	74.2	192.9	93.9
P_Sourcee	0.29^ns	74.34**	6.35^ns	5.41^ns	8.03*	0.58^ns
P_Dose	49.58**	13.96**	15.10**	24.16**	17.79**	23.37**
P_{Source x Dose}	2.59^ns	11.91*	0.47^ns	0.42^ns	4.45**	0.62^ns
SMD⁽⁴⁾ (4) SMD - significant mean deviation;	0.47	0.42	5.10	6.22	16.74	5.31
CV (%)⁽⁵⁾ (5) CV - coefficient of variation; NS not significant	8.17	9.46	9.12	10.82	12.72	8.19
Orthogonal Contrast
Control v. Phosphate treatments
T-test (p>0.05)	-21.271**	-15.316**	-6.838**	-7.459**	-4.995**	7.688**
F-test (p>0.05)	452.444**	234.592**	46.764**	55.632**	24.948**	59.099**

Variable	P Content	SDM	TSH	SOD	CAT	APX
P Content	1
SDM	0.06^ns	1
TSH	0.30*	0.15^ns	1
SOD	-0.20^ns	-0.86**	-0.23^ns	1
CAT	-0.07^ns	-0.40**	-0.18^ns	0.82**	1
APX	-0.01^ns	-0.43**	-0.09^ns	0.68**	0.70**	1

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Corrective phosphate application as a practice for reducing oxidative stress and increasing productivity in sugarcane1 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/UFRPE

Fosfatagem como prática para redução do estresse oxidativo e ganho de produtividade na cana-de-açúcar

ABSTRACT

Corrective phosphate application as a practice for reducing oxidative stress and increasing productivity in sugarcane¹ 1 Parte da Dissertação do primeiro autor, apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Solo, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco/UFRPE