Biomass, yield and competitiveness of maize and bean crops in an association system

Ligarreto-Moreno, Gustavo Adolfo; Arenas-Ochoa, Evelyn Gisela

doi:10.1590/0034-737X202370020003

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Crop Production • Rev. Ceres 70 (2) • Mar-Apr 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370020003 copy

Biomass, yield and competitiveness of maize and bean crops in an association system¹ 1 This paper belongs to the second Author master’s dissertation, Project funded by Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (General System of Royalties of Colombia).

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Polycultures are of great importance in conventional agriculture in the tropical zone, where they are a sustainable source of food production. In this study, the biomass distribution, crop yield and competition were determined in the maize and bean association. The total dry biomass accumulation of maize plants of the monoculture Simijaca SM(o) was higher than that of beans of monocultures cultivars Iraca IB(o) and Hunza HB(o). In monoculture, cultivar Iraca obtained the highest bean yields reaching 2744.0 kg ha^-1 in the municipality of Gama, whereas cultivar Simijaca had the highest yields with a value of 7766.7 kg ha^-1. In the association, the best environment was the municipality of Simijaca for the SMxIB treatment, which showed a total yield of 9767.5 kg ha^-1. The total land equivalent ratio (LERt) was higher than 3.65, showing the advantage of this association. Additionally, the competitive ratio (CR) of the crops showed the high competition effect between maize and the two bean cultivars. The study generated new knowledge about the genetic resources of maize and climbing beans grown at the same time and in the same place, in the search for sustainable and resilient production.

Keywords
Zea mays ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; land equivalent ratio; competitive ratio

Source / Location		Total biomass (g plant^-1)		Seeds pod^-1	Pods plant^-1	Weight of 100 seeds (g)	Seeds pod^-1
Source / Location		Reproductive stage	Maturation stage	Seeds pod^-1	Pods plant^-1	Weight of 100 seeds (g)	Seeds pod^-1
Environment (E)		**	ns	**	**	*	*
Treatments (T)		**	**	**	ns	*	*
E x T		**	ns	ns	**	ns	ns

Simijaca		158.85 b	318.14	5.49 b	28.80 a	75.93 a	5.49 b
Gama		334.88 a	313.24	6.41 a	16.23 b	65,17 b	6.41 a
Source / Location / Treatments		Ears per plant	Kernels per row	Rows per ear	Kernels per ear	Ear diameter(mm)	Ear length (cm)
Environment (E)		**	ns	ns	*	*	*
Treatments (T)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
E x T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

Simijaca	SM(o)	1.95 a	20.90 a	10.65 a	220.37 a	67.65 a	19.68 a
	SMxHB	1.70 a	17.87 a	14.00 a	209.94 a	64.93 a	19.00 a
	SMxIB	2.10 a	18.35 a	10.30 a	218.29 a	67.41 a	18.53 a

Gama	SM(o)	1.20 a	18.95 a	10.90 a	215.35 a	77.26 a	17.26 a
	SMxHB	1.15 a	17.70 a	11.20 a	193.21 a	79.82 a	16.62 a
	SMxIB	1.30 a	17.10 a	10.37 a	186.16 a	77.37 a	17.04 a

Simijaca		1.91 a	19.04 a	11.65 a	216.20 a	66.66 b	19.07 a
Gama		1.21 b	17.91 a	10.82 a	198.24 b	78.15 a	16.97 b

Source / Location	Treatments	Yield (kg ha^-1)^+/ +/ Highly significant = *, significant = , not significat = ns. Column averages with the same letter in each environment and between environments do not show significant differences according to Duncan’s test (P < 0.05).			HI
Source / Location	Treatments	Bean	Maize	Total	HI
Environment (E)		ns	**	**	*
Treatments (T)		**	ns	**	**
E x T		**	*	**	*

Simijaca	HB(o)	1933.3 a	˗	1933.3 c	0.65 a
	IB(o)	1628.3 b	˗	1628.3 c	0.66 a
	SM(o)	˗	7766.7 ab	7766.7 b	0.47 b
	SMxHB	1980.8 a	6916.7 b	8897.5 a	0.45 b
	SMxIB	1417.5 b	8350.0 a	9767.5 a	0.47 b

Gama	HB(o)	2097.5 a	˗	2097.5 b	0.64 b
	IB(o)	2744.0 a	˗	2744.0 b	0.71 a
	SM(o)	˗	5575.3 a	5575.3 a	0.37 c
	SMxHB	607.3 b	6085.3 a	6692.7 a	0.29 d
	SMxHB	975.0 b	5386.3 a	6361.3 a	0.38 c

Simijaca		1740.0 a	7677.8 a	5998.7 a	0.54 a
Gama		1606.0 a	5682.3 b	4694.2 b	0.48 b

Source / Location	Treatments	LERm	LERb	LERt	CRm	CRb
Environment (E)		ns	**	*	**	**
Treatments (T)		*	*	*	*	*
E x T		ns	*	*	*	*

Simijaca	SMxHB	1.16 b	4.61 b	5.77 b	1.02 a	1.00 b
Simijaca	SMxIB	1.28 a	6.20 a	7.48 a	0.83 b	1.23 a

Gama	SMxHB	1.21 a	2.95 a	4.16 a	1.65 a	0.60 a
Gama	SMxIB	1.14 a	2.50 a	3.65 a	1.96 a	0.53 a

Simijaca		1.22 a	5.40 a	6.63 a	0.92 b	1.12 a
Gama		1.18 a	2.72 b	3.91 b	1.81 a	0.57 b

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[1] *Corresponding author: galigarretom@unal.edu.co

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Biomass, yield and competitiveness of maize and bean crops in an association system1 1 This paper belongs to the second Author master’s dissertation, Project funded by Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (General System of Royalties of Colombia).

ABSTRACT

Biomass, yield and competitiveness of maize and bean crops in an association system¹ 1 This paper belongs to the second Author master’s dissertation, Project funded by Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (General System of Royalties of Colombia).