Autocompaixão entre estudantes de enfermagem de uma Universidade Estadual da Indonésia durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Salafi, Khaira Ashfiya; Widianti, Efri; Praptiwi, Atlastieka

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Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 76 (4) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0585 copiar

Autocompaixão entre estudantes de enfermagem de uma Universidade Estadual da Indonésia durante a pandemia de COVID-19

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo:

Determinar o nível de autocompaixão e investigar as relações entre variáveis sociodemográficas e autocompaixão entre estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade estadual da Indonésia durante a pandemia de COVID-19.

Método:

Este estudo utilizou um desenho transversal. As amostras foram selecionadas aplicando técnica de amostragem aleatória estratificada proporcional (n=260). Os dados foram coletados usando uma versão indonésia de Escala de Autocompaixão que consiste em 6 subescalas: auto bondade, autojulgamento, humanidade comum, isolamento, atenção plena e superidentificação. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise univariada e bivariada.

Resultados:

60% dos alunos tinham autocompaixão moderada. Os alunos pontuaram mais em auto bondade (3,93±1,02) e superidentificação (3,58±0,94), o que indica que muitas vezes tentaram amar a si mesmos quando sentiram dor emocional e que, igualmente, deixaram-se levar quando algo perturbador aconteceu. Posteriormente, foi encontrada correlação significativa entre idade e autocompaixão (p<0,05).

Conclusão:

A autocompaixão entre estudantes de enfermagem deve ser melhorada por meio de intervenções, como grau de instrução em compaixão, treinamento em atenção plena e técnicas experienciais baseadas na compaixão.

Descritores:
COVID-19; Saúde Mental; Estudantes de Enfermagem; Autocompaixão; Autocuidado

Characteristic	Frequency (f)	Percent (%)
Gender
Man	18	6.9
Woman	242	93.1
Age
17 - 18 Years Old	40	15.4
19 - 23 Years Old	220	84.6
Ethnicity
Sundanese	157	60.4
Javanese	73	28.1
Bali	3	1.2
Batak	7	2.7
Betawi	4	1.5
Minang	7	2.7
Others	9	3,5

Variable	Category	Frequency (f)	Percent (%)
Self-compassion (Mean= 3.25; SD= 0.539)	Low	16	6.2
	Moderate	156	60
	High	88	33.8

Components	Items	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Positive Components
Self-kindness	1. I try to be loving towards myself when I’m feeling emotional pain	^a) a) Item with the highest mean value; 3.93	1.016	1	5
	2. When I’m going through a very hard time, I give myself the caring and tenderness I need.	3.58	0.903	1	5
	3. I am kind to myself when experiencing suffering	^b) b) Item with the lowest mean value. 3.31	0.981	1	5
	4. I’m tolerant of my own flaws and inadequacies.	3.54	0.902	1	5
	5. I try to be understanding and patient towards those aspects of my personality I don’t like	3.67	0.847	1	5
Common humanity	1. When things are going badly for me, I see the difficulties as part of life that everyone goes through.	^a) a) Item with the highest mean value; 3.86	0.887	1	5
	2. When I’m down, I remind myself that there are lots of other people in the world feeling like I am.	3.80	0.990	1	5
	3. When I feel inadequate in some way, I try to remind myself that feelings of inadequacy are shared by most people.	^b) b) Item with the lowest mean value. 3.66	0.943	1	5
	4. I try to see my failings as part of the human condition	3.74	0.842	1	5
Mindfulness	1. When something upsets me I try to keep my emotions in balance.	^a) a) Item with the highest mean value; 3.82	0.936	1	5
	2. When something painful happens I try to take a balanced view of the situation.	3.62	0.859	1	5
	3. When I fail at something important to me I try to keep things in perspective.	^b) b) Item with the lowest mean value. 3.34	1.055	1	5
	4. When I’m feeling down I try to approach my feelings with curiosity and openness.	3.56	0.914	1	5
Negative Components
Self-judgment	1. I’m disapproving and judgmental about my own flaws and inadequacies	2.83	1.068	1	5
	2. When times are really difficult, I tend to be tough on myself.	3.38	1.138	1	5
	3. I’m intolerant and impatient towards those aspects of my personality I don’t like	2.91	1.125	1	5
	4. When I see aspects of myself that I don’t like, I get down on myself	^a) a) Item with the highest mean value; 3.45	1.037	1	5
	5. I can be a bit cold-hearted towards myself when I’m experiencing suffering	^b) b) Item with the lowest mean value. 2.79	1.165	1	5
Isolation	1. When I think about my inadequacies, it tends to make me feel more separate and cut off from the rest of the world.	^b) b) Item with the lowest mean value. 3.02	1.151	1	5
	2. When I’m feeling down, I tend to feel like most other people are probably happier than I am	^a) a) Item with the highest mean value; 3.46	1.092	1	5
	3. When I’m really struggling, I tend to feel like other people must be having an easier time of it	3.32	1.143	1	5
	4. When I fail at something that’s important to me, I tend to feel alone in my failure.	3.45	1.080	1	5
Overidentification	1. When I’m feeling down I tend to obsess and fixate on everything that’s wrong.	2.82	1.178	1	5
	2. When I fail at something important to me I become consumed by feelings of inadequacy.	3.13	1.109	1	5
	3. When something upsets me I get carried away with my feelings	^a) a) Item with the highest mean value; 3.58	0.941	1	5
	4. When something painful happens I tend to blow the incident out of proportion	^b)2.66	1.088	1	5

Characteristics		Self-compassion			p
Characteristics		Low	Moderate	High	p
Gender					0.845
Male	Frequency	3	8	7
	Percentage	16.7%	44.4%	38.9%
Female	Frequency	13	148	81
	Percentage	5.4%	61.2%	33.5%
Age					0.016^* * p < 0.05.
17 - 18 Years Old	Frequency	8	22	10
	Percentage	20%	55%	25%
19 - 23 Years Old	Frequency	8	134	78
	Percentage	3.6%	60.9%	35.5%
Ethnicity					0.728
Sundanese	Frequency	7	97	53
	Percentage	4.5%	61.8%	33.8%
Javanese	Frequency	8	40	25
	Percentage	11.0%	54.8%	34.2%
Bali	Frequency	0	3	0
	Percentage	0.0%	100.0%	0.0%
Batak	Frequency	0	3	4
	Percentage	0.0%	42.9%	57.1%
Betawi	Frequency	0	2	2
	Percentage	0%	50%	50%
Minang	Frequency	1	3	3
	Percentage	14.3%	42.9%	42.9%
Others	Frequency	0	8	1
	Percentage	0%	88.9%	11.1%

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[1] Corresponding author: Efri Widianti, E-mail: efri.widianti@unpad.ac.id