Estrategias de afrontamiento para niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas ante la pandemia COVID-19

Custódio, Lívia Lopes; Costa, Débora Cristina Couto Oliveira; Menezes, Cláudia Patrícia da Silva Ribeiro; Figueiredo, Sarah Vieira; Maia, Julyana Almeida; Jorge, Maria Salete Bessa; Chaves, Edna Maria Campelo; Gomes, Ilvana Lima Verde

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 76 (Suppl 2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0045 copiar

Este documento está relacionado con:

10.1590/0034-7167.20247701e04

Estrategias de afrontamiento para niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas ante la pandemia COVID-19

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo:

comprender las experiencias y estrategias de afrontamiento de niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Métodos:

estudio descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado con seis niños y adolescentes en la recepción de un ambulatorio de un hospital pediátrico del estado de Ceará. La recolección de datos se realizó de abril a septiembre de 2021, mediante dibujo-cuento, analizados a la luz del criterio de Coutinho.

Resultados:

surgieron dos categorías temáticas: Situaciones que viven niños y adolescentes en tiempos de COVID-19; Estrategias de afrontamiento de niños y adolescentes en su proceso de enfermedad crónica durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Consideraciones finales:

comprender las experiencias y estrategias de afrontamiento de niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas demostró la expresión de la imaginación creativa, incorporado por componentes subjetivos, que pone de manifiesto una aproximación con la realidad percibida e interpretada en un contexto de pandemia de COVID-19.

Descriptores:
Enfermedad Crónica; Niño; Adolescente; Adaptación Psicológica; COVID-19

Drawing description

Participant’s speech

Drawing

Participant (C1)* drew himself inside the house, where the door would be. He placed an X, and, next to the house, a bicycle.

This is me, I’m super sad, oh, because I’m at home, unable to go out, unable to do what I love most in my life, which is playing. I live stuck at home. I can’t play or ride a bike [...] stay at home. This is very annoying. No, I couldn’t even walk. I was dying to go after my friends, but my mother wouldn’t let me. Before, I rode my bike every day, played with my friends, now I can’t. I hope this (disease) goes away soon. Worst thing in my life.

Participant (C2)* made a more colorful drawing, looking like two representations. He marked an X on the windows, as something forbidden.

The participant initially pointed to the largest house, at the top of the sheet, and made the first report.

Then, with a slightly saddened look and voice, he pointed to the bottom of the sheet, showing the drawing around the smaller (blue) house.

That’s where I live. My house. But now I’m “inside” the house and I can’t play. Do you see it’s closed? Well, my mother closes it so no one can go out [...] I spend a lot of time alone at home. Playing is good or nothing. I only live there (house). Here, before it was me, it was like this, I only played with my friends. Now you can’t. I liked it a lot [...].

[...] I made these lines in black in this part, because I can’t play with them (other children) anymore, so I have to stay at home.

Participant (A1)* drew himself inside his house, holding a piece of paper in one hand and a pencil in the other hand. Doors and windows are closed, and, next to the house, a tree appears, and on the other side there is a lamppost.

Inside this house, it’s me, I’m inside it, because I couldn’t leave. Not just me, but everyone [...] I even had to study at home. I couldn’t even play. I wrote in this sentence below: “During the pandemic, I stayed at home more than I went out”.

Drawing description	Participant’s speech	Drawing
Participant (C3)* sought a way to portray his feelings in his spirituality. He drew an angel above his head.	Here it is me and the angel of Jesus, above me. It is killing the coronavirus. He’s giving me protection, so I don’t catch the virus. I ask Jesus to protect me. I always do this and it works.
Participant (C4)* drew his family holding hands inside a heart (protected). The virus was represented outside the heart.	I drew my whole family. There’s my aunt, godfather and cousins here, but there’s also my father, my mother and my brothers. We are covered in the heart that protects. The family is all wearing masks to protect themselves. Heart to protect, it is made of stone, it is hard. Nobody can open it. It’s tough as a rapadura [...] COVID, in green, is out of the heart [...] this is the sun (yellow), it is sad because it wanted to walk and destroy the coronavirus, but it couldn’t.
Participant (A2)* chose to portray two moments: the drawing above depicts a moment of domestic activity in the kitchen of his home and below the drawing next to the tree in the backyard.	During the pandemic, I stayed at home more, so I wanted to read and learn how to cook. There was nothing to do [...] I learned how to make couscous in a frying pan, omelet, oatmeal cookies and other foods. I too got sick and couldn’t eat anything. I searched on the internet and did it. For me, it was cool. Another good thing was that I learned to read, because I didn’t like it, but it wasn’t a school book, no, it was a book with other readings. I knew I didn’t like it before. Even my mother got excited (laughs); she bought two books for me and I read them. That’s what I did most during the pandemic.

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[1] Corresponding author: Lívia Lopes Custódio E-mail: liloka161@gmail.com