Suicidal behavior among drug addicts

Cantão, Luiza; Botti, Nadja Cristiane Lappann

doi:10.1590/0034-7167.2016690224i

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Sumário

Research • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 69 (2) • Mar-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167.2016690224i copy

Suicidal behavior among drug addicts

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

to describe the profile of drug addicts attended in a mental health service, the frequency of suicidal behavior among the participants and the associations between these two problems.

Method:

an exploratory, retrospective and descriptive study based on a quantitative approach, and data collected from medical records of patients with F10-F19 diagnoses according to the ICD-10 treated in this service in 2013. We expected to identify a possible association between independent variables (family, psychiatric and personal history) and the dependent variable (suicidal behavior).

Results:

Most of the individuals were men, single, with a low educational attainment, unemployed and aged between 15 and 45 years; 43.90% had a record of suicidal behavior.

Conclusion:

drug addicts with suicidal behavior are young people under the age of 30 presenting psychiatric comorbidity, mood disorders and/or depression, presence of family conflict, important dates coinciding with the suicidal behavior and mothers with psychiatric history.

Key words:
Suicide; Suicide Attempt; Disorders Related to Substance Use; Risk Factors; Psychiatric Nursing

Characteristics		n	(%)
Sex	Female	31	25.20
Sex	Male	92	74.80
Marital Status	Married/Stable Union	24	19.51
	Single	56	45.53
	Separated	30	24.39
	Widower	4	3.25
	No information	9	7.32
Education	Illiterate	3	2.44
	Some Elementary or Middle School	91	73.98
	Elementary or Middle School	3	2.44
	Some High School	6	4.88
	High School	6	4.88
	Some College	2	1.62
	No information	12	9.76
Children	Yes	70	56.91
Children	No	53	43.09
Age	Under 15 years	5	4.06
	15 to 30 years	43	34.96
	31 to 45 years	49	39.84
	46 to 60 years	23	18.70
	61 to 75 years	3	2.44
Employment situation	Employed	19	15.45
	Unemployed	64	52.03
	Retired	9	7.32
	No information	31	25.20

Behaviors		n	%
Suicidal behavior	Yes	54	43.90
Suicidal behavior	No	69	56.10
Suicidal ideation	Yes	37	30.08
	No	86	69.92
	Total ideation	82
	Mean ideation	0,66
Suicidal attempt	Yes	40	32.52
	No	83	67.48
	Total suicide attempts	72
	Mean suicide attempts	2
Perpetration methods (ICD-10)	(X60-X69) – Self-poisoning	36	32.73
	(X70) – Hanging, strangulation and suffocation	24	21.82
	(X71) – Drowning and submersion	2	1.82
	(X76) – Smoke, fire and flames	1	0.91
	(X78) – Sharp object	8	7.27
	(X80) – Jumping from a high place	4	3.64
	(X81) – Jumping or lying before moving object	7	6.36
	(X84) –Unspecified means	28	25.45

	Variables		Suicidal behavior		χ²	p value
	Variables		Yes %	No %	χ²	p value
Psychiatric history	Hospitalization	Yes	54.35	45.65	3.26	0.053
	Hospitalization	No	37.66	62.34	3.26	0.053
	Hospitalization in therapeutic community	Yes	43.59	56.41	0.00	0.560
	Hospitalization in therapeutic community	No	44.05	55.95	0.00	0.560
	Type of discharge	Medical discharge	46.15	53.85	0.02	0.533
	Type of discharge	Discharge by Abandon-ment/Escape	44.44	55.56	0.02	0.533
	Treatment time	Less than or equal to 5years	40.70	59.30	1.19	0.186
	Treatment time	More than 5 years	51.35	48.65	1.19	0.186
	Age of admission	Up to 30 years	62.50	37.50	11.06	0.001
	Age of admission	31 years or over	32.00	68.00	11.06	0.001
	Began using drugs in childhood/adolescence	Yes	38.36	61.64	2.24	0.095
	Began using drugs in childhood/adolescence	No	52.00	48.00	2.24	0.095
	Began with legal drugs	Yes	30.23	69.77	4.63	0.25
	Began with legal drugs	No	51.79	48.21	4.63	0.25
	Began with illegal drugs	Yes	66.67	33.33	1.54	0.207
	Began with illegal drugs	No	40.86	59.14	1.54	0.207
	Psychiatric comorbidity	Yes	57.89	42.11	8.44	0.003
	Psychiatric comorbidity	No	31.82	68.18	8.44	0.003
	F20-F29 – Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders	Yes	60.00	40.00	1.12	0.212
		No	40.78	59.22	1.12	0.212
	F20 – Schizophrenia	Yes	57.14	42.86	1.12	0.219
	F20 – Schizophrenia	No	42.20	57.80	1.12	0.219
	F30-F39 – Mood (affective) disorders	Yes	63.89	36.11	8.26	0.004
	F30-F39 – Mood (affective) disorders	No	35.63	64.37	8.26	0.004
	F32-F33 – Depressive episode and Recurrent depressive disorder	Yes	68.75	31.25	10.84	0.001
		No	35.16	64.84	10.84	0.001
	(F40-F48) (F60-F69) (F70-F79) (G40-G45)	Yes	50.00	50.00	0.32	0.377
	(F40-F48) (F60-F69) (F70-F79) (G40-G45)	No	42.86	57.14	0.32	0.377

Familyhistory	Family psychiatric history	Yes	45.56	54.44	0.682	0.344
	Family psychiatric history	No	39.39	60.61	0.682	0.344
	Father	Yes	41.30	58.70	0.20	0.398
	Father	No	45.45	54.55	0.20	0.398
	Mother	Yes	76.47	23.53	8.50	0.004
	Mother	No	38.68	61.32	8.50	0.004
	Father and Mother	Yes	48.08	51.92	0.64	0.269
	Father and Mother	No	40.85	59.15	0.64	0.269
	Extended family	Yes	45.78	54.22	0.37	0.341
	Extended family	No	40.00	60.00	0.37	0.341
	Previous nuclear family	Yes	44.87	55.13	0.08	0.462
	Previous nuclear family	No	42.22	57.78	0.08	0.462
	Current nuclear family	Yes	50.00	50.00	0.16	0.466
	Current nuclear family	No	43.36	56.64	0.16	0.466
	Family history of ideation	Yes	0	100	0.79	0.561
	Family history of ideation	No	44.26	55.74	0.79	0.561
	History of consummated suicide	Yes	80	20	2.76	0.116
	History of consummated suicide	No	42.37	57.63	2.76	0.116
	Family conflict	Yes	56.67	43.33	7.75	0.005
	Family conflict	No	31.75	68.25	7.75	0.005
Personal history	History of losses	Yes	41.67	58.33	0.03	0.560
	History of losses	No	44.14	55.86	0.03	0.560
	Loss of parental figures in childhood	Yes	60.00	40.00	0.55	0.385
	Loss of parental figures in childhood	No	43.22	56.78	0.55	0.385
	Important dates coinciding with the suicidal behavior	Yes	100	0	6.66	0.015
	Important dates coinciding with the suicidal behavior	No	41.53	58.47	6.66	0.015
	History of traumatic experiences	Yes	62.50	37.50	1.20	0.233
	History of traumatic experiences	No	42.61	57.39	1.20	0.233
	Criminal conduct	Yes	41.18	58.82	0.14	0.433
	Criminal conduct	No	44.94	55.06	0.14	0.433

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[1] CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Luiza Cantão. E-mail: lulucantao@hotmail.com