Relationship between workloads and presenteeism among nursing workers

to analyze the relationship between exposure to workloads and presenteeism among nursing workers in the socio-environmental context of university hospitals.

Method:

this is a quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study with 355 nursing workers from two university hospitals in southern Brazil. Data were collected from November 2019 to February 2020. The Workload Scale in Nursing Activities and the Work Limitations Questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test were used.

Results:

there was a significant correlation between chemical loads and time management; biological loads and time management, physical demand and productivity loss; physiological loads and mental and interpersonal demand, production demand and loss of productivity; psychological loads and production demand.

Conclusions:

there is a relationship between workloads and nursing presenteeism, verified by limitations and loss of productivity.

Descriptors:
Presenteeism; Workload; Nursing, Team; Hospitals, University; Nursing

ECTAE Items	Work category
	Nurses		Nursing technicians		Nursing assistants
	X̅	SD	X̅	SD	X̅	SD
Biological loads	2.87	1.04	3.13	0.91	2.60	0.91
Mechanical loads	1.08	1.13	0.83	0.83	1.11	0.91
Chemical loads	1.72	0.93	2.64	1.08	2.35	0.98
Physical loads	1.54	1.17	1.35	1.06	1.34	0.81
Psychological loads	2.29	0.94	1.70	0.84	1.48	0.83
Physiological loads	2.32	1.19	2.64	1.11	2.48	1.05

WLQ Domains	N	X̅	SD	Q1	Med	Q3
WLQ Index	355	5,7	3,8	3,24	5,1	7,5
Time management	355	21,3	20,0	5	15	31,2
Physical demand	355	43,7	28,3	20,8	41,6	66,6
Mental-interpersonal demand	355	17,3	17,0	5,5	13,8	25
Production demand	355	16,7	17,9	5	10	25

Variables	n	Management		Demand						WLQ
		Time		Physical		Mental-Interpersonal		Production		WLQ
		X̅	SD	X̅	SD	X̅	SD	X̅	SD	X̅	SD
Working unit
OB	20	20.2	15.9	37.9	30.4	17.4	19.8	12.2	13.5	5.0	3.8
MAT	49	25.1	20.4	42.8	26.6	19.3	18.2	18.8	18.1	6.3	3.9
PU	28	14.3	13.9	44.4	36.3	10.4	8.7	7.5	9.7	3.9	2.6
ES	31	12.0	11.7	51.1	25.8	12.6	10.3	13.1	14.0	4.8	2.6
MCU	56	24.4	19.4	41.2	26.2	21.7	18.1	21.4	19.5	6.6	3.8
SCU	30	23.7	23.2	47.2	28.3	15.6	15.1	16.0	15.2	5.7	3.6
SC	19	15.0	12.4	39.6	25.2	16.3	18.6	15.5	21.6	5.1	3.8
General ICU	24	20.2	20.7	46.4	28.0	19.7	19.8	17.9	20.3	6.1	3.8
Neo ICU	46	19.3	14.9	41.6	29.4	13.0	12.4	13.0	13.0	4.9	2.5
EN	52	27.5	27.4	44.8	27.4	21.4	20.2	21.9	21.7	6.9	4.8
Job role
Nurse	95	27.1	22.5	42.9	28.9	22.2	20.4	22.9	23.5	7.0	4.7
Nursing technician	229	19.4	18.6	43.0	27.4	15.9	15.2	15.0	14.6	5.3	3.2
Nursing assistant	31	16.8	16.2	51.7	29.7	13.0	14.4	9.1	12.4	4.7	2.8
Leadership position
Yes	12	33.6	29.9	46.8	27.8	36.1	35.7	44.1	39.4	10.5	7.1
No	83	20.1	19.1	42.8	28.2	16.4	15.6	15.3	15.5	5.4	3.4

Variables	Management	Demand			WLQ
	Time	Physical	Mental-Interpersonal	Production	WLQ
	p^ * ANOVA test; level of significance p<0,05; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire.*	p^ * ANOVA test; level of significance p<0,05; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire.*	p^ * ANOVA test; level of significance p<0,05; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire.*	p^ * ANOVA test; level of significance p<0,05; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire.*	p^ * ANOVA test; level of significance p<0,05; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire.*
Working unit	0.008^†	0.826	0.027^†	0.010^†	0.010^†
Job role	0.002^†	0.253	0.003^†	0.001^†	0.001^†
Leadership position	0.021^†	0.628	0.001^†	0.001^†	0.001^†

Workloads	ECTAE Items	Management	Demand			WLQ
		Time	Physical	Mental-Interpersonal	Production	WLQ
		r^* * Pearson's correlation test; Relationship force ≥-1 and ≤ 1; ECTAE - Workload Scale in Nursing Activities; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire;	r^* * Pearson's correlation test; Relationship force ≥-1 and ≤ 1; ECTAE - Workload Scale in Nursing Activities; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire;	r^* * Pearson's correlation test; Relationship force ≥-1 and ≤ 1; ECTAE - Workload Scale in Nursing Activities; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire;	r^* * Pearson's correlation test; Relationship force ≥-1 and ≤ 1; ECTAE - Workload Scale in Nursing Activities; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire;	r^* * Pearson's correlation test; Relationship force ≥-1 and ≤ 1; ECTAE - Workload Scale in Nursing Activities; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire;
Chemical	Q03	0.13^†	-0.04	0.09	0.07	0.08
Biological	Q05	0.10^†	-0.09	0.06	0.05	0.04
	Q10	0.03	-0.12^†	0.02	0.04	0.00
	Q11	-0.10^†	-0.14^†	-0.09	-0.06	-0.12^†
Physiological	Q15	0.06	-0.04	0.15^†	0.11^†	0.11^†
Psychological	Q22	0.05	0.00	0.03	-0.10^* * Pearson's correlation test; Relationship force ≥-1 and ≤ 1; ECTAE - Workload Scale in Nursing Activities; WLQ - Work Limitations Questionnaire;	-0.01

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[1] Corresponding author: Deciane Pintanela de Carvalho E-mail: deciane.carvalho@gmail.com