Factors associated with the use of the N95 respirator in university students in the daily life of COVID-19

Huaman, Jhon Alex Zeladita; Moncada, María Josefa Arcaya; Chapoñan, Roberto Zegarra; Sánchez, Gilmer Solis; Nitschke, Rosane Gonçalves; Huayta, Iris Jara

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0412

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 75 (6) • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2021-0412 copy

Factors associated with the use of the N95 respirator in university students in the daily life of COVID-19

Factores asociados al uso del respirador N95 en universitarios en lo cotidiano de la COVID-19

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

To identify the factors associated with the use of the N95 respirator in Nursing and Medical students in the daily life of the covid-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study carried out in 2020. A total of 830 students from three universities in Peru participated in the study. Associations were evaluated using Pearson’s Chi-Square and multivariate Poisson modeling with log linkage.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found between the preference to use the N95 respirator in relation to masks according to the activity they perform (p=0.001) and where they live (p=0.005). The multivariate analysis reported that the associated characteristics were age, activity performed, perception and fear of being infected by covid-19.

Conclusion:

The choice of N95 respirator is influenced by individual factors and perceptions. Spaces are needed to discuss daily life, the way of living, caring and educating, considering the socioeconomic dimensions and beliefs.

Descriptors:
Students; Nursing; COVID-19; Age Factors; Security Measures; Activities of Daily Living.

Characteristic	n	%
Sex
Male	226	27.3
Female	604	72.7
Age group
Under 20 years old	182	21.9
From 20 to 29 years old	634	76.4
30 years old or older	14	1.7
Marital status
Single	804	96.9
Married and living together	26	3.1
Activity performed
Dedicated only to studies	541	65.2
Studying and working	289	34.8
The student or any member of his/her family has been diagnosed with COVID-19
No	630	75.9
Yes	200	24.1
Any family member died of COVID-19
No	761	91.7
Yes	69	8.3
Study career
Nursing	585	70.5
Medicine	245	29.5
Place where she/he lives
Rural area	177	21.3
Urban area	653	78.7

Perceptions	n	%
Thinks she/he could get infected with COVID-19
Definitively no	70	8.4
No	387	46.6
Yes	291	35.1
Absolutely yes	82	9.9
Afraid of getting infected with COVID-19
Definitively no	101	12.2
No	236	28.4
Yes	307	37.0
Absolutely yes	186	22.4
Considers to be susceptible to contagion by COVID-19
Nada susceptible	23	2.7
Poco susceptible	266	32.1
Algo susceptible	420	50.6
Muy susceptible	121	14.6

Conduct	n	%
Main type of mask used
Fabric mask	217	26.1
Surgical mask	428	51.6
N95 respirator	185	22.3
Total	830	100.0
When leaving the house, how often do you use the cloth mask?
Sometimes	15	6.9
Most of the time	79	36.4
Always	123	56.7
Total	217	100.0
How often do you wash your cloth mask?
Daily	142	65.4
2 or more days	75	34.6
Total	217	100.0
How often do you wash your cloth mask?
Sometimes	30	7.0
Most of the times	61	14.2
Always	337	78.8
Total	428	100.00
Under what circumstances do you change your surgical mask?
After each use	214	50.0
When it is dirty	113	26.4
When it is wet	81	18.9
When it breaks	20	4.7
Total	428	100.0
When leaving home, how often do you use the N95 respirator?
Sometimes	3	1.6
Most of the times	30	16.2
Always	152	82.2
Total	185	100.0

Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions	Uses fabric or surgical mask n (%)	Uses N95 respirator n (%)	*p value^ * Pearson’s chi-square.**
Sex
Male	54 (23.9)	172 (76.1)	0.367
Female	163 (27.0)	441 (73.0)
Age group
Under 20 years old	41 (22.5)	141 (77.5)	0.103
From 20 to 29 years old	175 (27.6)	459 (72.4)
30 years old or older	1 (7.1)	13 (92.9)
Marital status
Single	211 (26.2)	593 (73.8)	0.718
Married and living together	6 (23.1)	20 (76.9)
Activity performed
Dedicated only to studies	121 (22.4)	420 (77.6)	0.001
Studying and working	96 (33.2)	193 (66.8)
The student or any member of his/her family has been diagnosed with COVID-19
No	175 (27.8)	455 (72.2)	0.057
Yes	42 (21.0)	158 (79.0)
Has any family member died of COVID-19
No	204 (26.8)	557 (73.2)	0.149
Yes	13 (18.8%)	56 (81.2)
Study career
Nursing	162 (27.7)	423 (72.3)	0.117
Medicine	55 (22.5)	190 (77.5)
Place where she/he lives
Countryside	61 (34.5)	116 (65.5)	0.005
Urban area	156 (23.9)	497 (76.1)
Think she/he can get infected with COVID-19
Definitely not	22 (31.4)	48 (68.6)	0.366
No	107 (27.7)	280 (72.3)
Yes	71 (24.4)	220 (75.6)
Absolutely yes	17 (20.7)	65 (79.3)
Afraid of getting infected with COVID-19
Definitely not	21 (20.8)	80 (79.2)	0.398
No	59 (25.0)	177 (75.0)
Yes	89 (29.0)	218 (71.0)
Absolutely yes	48 (25.8)	138 (74.2)
Considers to be susceptible to contagion by COVID-19
Not at all susceptible	4 (17.4)	19 (82.6)	0.705
Little susceptible	74 (27.8)	192 (72.2)
Susceptible	107 (25.5)	313 (74.5)
Very susceptible	32 (26.5)	89 (73.5)
Total	217 (26.1)	613 (73.9)

Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions	Crude		Adjusted
Sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions	PR (95 %CI)	p value	PR (95 %CI)	p value
Sex
Male	Reference		----	----
Female	0.96 (0.88 - 1.05)	0.354	----	----
Age group
Under 20 years old	Reference		Reference
From 20 to 29 years old	0.93 (0.85 - 1.02)	0.149	0.94 (0.86 - 1.03)	0.191
30 years or older	1.20 (1.02 - 1.41)	0.032	1.26 (1.05 - 1.52)	0.015
Marital status
Single	Reference		----	----
Married and living together	1.04 (0.84 - 1.29)	0.701	----	----
Activity performed
Dedicated only to studies	Reference		Reference
Studying and working	0.86 (0.78 - 0.94)	0.002	0.86 (0.78 - 0.95)	0.003
The student or any member of his/her family has been diagnosed with COVID-19
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.09 (1.00 - 1.19)	0.042	1.05 (0.96 - 1.15)	0.265
Any family member died of COVID-19
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	1.11 (0.98 - 1.25)	0.096	1.09 (0.97 - 1.24)	0.159
Study career
Nursing	Reference		Reference
Medicine	1.07 (0.99 - 1.17)	0.103	1.02 (0.93 - 1.11)	0.677
Place where they live
Rural area	Reference		Reference
Urban area	1.16 (1.03 - 1.30)	0.011	1.09 (0.97 - 1.23)	0.144
Think she/he can get infected with COVID-19
Definitely not	Reference		Reference
No	1.06 (0.89 - 1.25)	0.537	1.15 (0.95 - 1.38)	0.143
Yes	1.10 (0.93 - 1.31)	0.265	1.20 (0.99 - 1.46)	0.062
Absolutely yes	1.16 (0.95 - 1.40)	0.142	1.30 (1.05 - 1.61)	0.016
Afraid of getting infected with COVID-19
Definitely not	Reference		Reference
No	0.95 (0.84 - 1.07)	0.389	0.92 (0.81 - 1.04)	0.189
Yes	0.90 (0.79 - 1.01)	0.081	0.85 (0.75 - 0.97)	0.015
Absolutely yes	0.94 (0.82 - 1.07)	0.328	0.91 (0.79 - 1.04)	0.171
Considers to be susceptible to contagion by COVID-19
Not at all susceptible	Reference		Reference
Little susceptible	0.87 (0.71 - 1.07)	0.190	0.85 (0.67 - 1.07)	0.169
Susceptible	0.90 (0.74 - 1.10)	0.303	0.85 (0.68 - 1.08)	0.186
Very susceptible	0.89 (0.72 - 1.11)	0.292	0.82 (0.64 - 1.05)	0.114

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[1] Corresponding author: Roberto Zegarra Chapoñan E-mail: rob.zegarra@gmail.com