ECONOMIA CRIATIVA NO BRASIL: UMA PERSPECTIVA REGIONAL

Britto, Jorge Nogueira de Paiva

doi:10.1590/198055272034

Jorge Nogueira de Paiva Britto

Professor of the Department of Economics at the Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Corresponding author: Jorge N. P. Britto E-mail address: britto.jorge@gmail.com

Tabelas (11)

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Table 1
Creative GDP Estimate and Its Contribution to Brazilian GDP Total (2004-2013)

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Table 2
Jobs and Salaries in Brazilian Creative Industries (2004 and 2013)

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Table 3
Creative Activities and Formal Jobs - sectoral and regional distribution of formal jobs in creative activities - Data from RAIS (2013)

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Table 4
Index of formalization in labor market - formal jobs extracted from RAIS compared to total occupations extracted from Demographic Census (2010)

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Table 5
Creative Activities and Income Generation - Monthly Labor Income (R$) in formal jobs - Data from RAIS (2013) - RS 1000

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Table 6
Creative Activities and Income Generation - Personal monthly worker income (R$)- Data from RAIS (2013)

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Table 7
Sectoral Trend of Indicators - 2006-2010 (data from RAIS)

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Table 8
Index of regional concentration of creative activities based on distribution among federative states - Herfindhal Index (HHI) (2006, 2010 and 2013)

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Table 9
Index of sectoral concentration among creative activities - Herfindhal Index (HHI) - 2006, 2010 and 2013

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Table 10
Index of productive specialization (Relative Specialization Index -QL) in creative activities (2006 and 2013)

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Table 11
Number of micro-regions with Relative Specialization Index (QL)greater than 1 ( 2013)

Year	Creative GDP (R$ billion)	% of Brazilian GDP
2004	74.3	2.09%
2005	80.7	2.20%
2006	86.0	2.26%
2007	89.3	2.21%
2008	100.6	2.37%
2009	100.7	2.38%
2010	111.9	2.46%
2011	116.4	2.49%
2012	120.6	2.55%
2013	126.1	2.60%

Segments	Jobs (Thousands)			Salaries (R$ 1,000)
Segments	2004	2013	Growth	2004	2013	Growth
1) Consumption	211.5	422.9	100.0%	3,619	4,653	28.6%
Advertising	45.7	154.8	238.5%	5,354	6,927	29.4%
Architecture	62.7	124.5	98.5%	5,701	5,075	-11.0%
Design	42.6	87.0	104.3%	2,556	2,760	8.0%
Fashion	60.5	56.7	-6.3%	993	1,412	42.1%
2) Culture	43.3	62.1	43.6%	1,962	2,527	28.8%
Cultural expressions	18.3	22.5	22.7%	2,880	3,721	29.2%
Heritage and arts	10.2	16.4	60.9%	3,047	3,157	3.6%
Music	7.5	12.0	60.4%	1,662	2,216	33.3%
Performing arts	7.2	11.2	54.9%	1,146	1,508	31.6%
3) Media	64.2	101.4	58.0%	2,670	3,080	15.4%
Editorial	27.8	50.8	82.5%	3,829	3,794	-0.9%
Audio-visual	36.3	50.6	39.1%	1,782	2,364	32.7%
4) Technology	150.9	306.1	102.8%	6,688	7,848	17.3%
R&D	82.2	166.3	102.3%	3,791	4,911	29.6%
ICT	55.5	112.9	103.6%	8,344	9,990	19.7%
Biotechnology	13.2	26.9	102.8%	4,926	5,393	9.5%
Creative industries	469.8	892.5	90.0%	4,323	5,422	25.4%

	Total	Publishing and Printing	Film, video and music	Radio and TV	Software development	Architectural services	Advertising agencies	Design and Interior decoration	Photographic and similar activities	Performing activities	Activities related to cultural heritage	Activities of membership organizations linked to culture and art	Sub-total creative activities	Creative activities /total
Rondônia	0.8%	0.4%	0.9%	1.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.2%	0.4%	0.5%	0.3%	0.4%	0.0%	0.3%	0.6%
Acre	0.3%	0.1%	0.2%	0.3%	0.0%	0.2%	0.1%	0.4%	0.1%	0.0%	3.3%	0.3%	0.1%	0.7%
Amazonas	1.3%	0.9%	1.5%	1.6%	0.3%	1.6%	1.0%	0.2%	0.1%	4.3%	0.3%	0.2%	0.8%	0.9%
Roraima	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.2%	0.0%	0.1%	0.7%
Pará	2.3%	1.2%	1.5%	1.9%	0.4%	1.3%	1.4%	1.7%	1.4%	1.4%	4.5%	2.2%	1.0%	0.6%
Amapá	0.3%	0.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.4%	0.1%	0.5%
Tocantins	0.5%	0.2%	0.4%	0.4%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	0.3%	0.4%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.5%
North	5.6%	2.9%	4.8%	5.7%	0.9%	3.6%	3.2%	3.0%	2.7%	6.3%	8.8%	3.2%	2.7%	0.7%
Maranhão	1.5%	0.5%	1.2%	1.5%	0.2%	1.6%	1.0%	1.2%	0.4%	0.5%	1.1%	0.3%	0.6%	0.5%
Piauí	0.9%	0.4%	0.5%	0.7%	0.1%	1.6%	0.6%	0.2%	0.5%	0.4%	4.1%	3.4%	0.4%	0.7%
Ceará	3.1%	2.4%	2.4%	2.2%	2.1%	2.4%	1.8%	2.4%	2.0%	2.7%	0.2%	11.0%	2.4%	1.1%
Rio Grande do Norte	1.3%	0.6%	1.7%	1.2%	0.6%	1.2%	0.9%	0.8%	0.8%	2.1%	1.6%	0.6%	0.8%	0.9%
Paraíba	1.3%	0.9%	1.0%	1.5%	0.4%	0.2%	0.6%	0.3%	0.5%	2.2%	0.0%	0.4%	0.7%	0.8%
Pernambuco	3.6%	2.8%	2.7%	2.3%	2.2%	2.1%	3.0%	1.0%	3.3%	3.8%	2.3%	1.5%	2.4%	0.9%
Alagoas	1.0%	0.3%	0.7%	0.8%	0.3%	0.5%	0.6%	0.1%	0.8%	0.4%	0.1%	0.4%	0.4%	0.5%
Sergipe	0.8%	0.5%	0.5%	0.7%	0.2%	1.4%	0.9%	0.1%	0.6%	0.9%	0.2%	0.3%	0.4%	0.7%
Bahia	4.7%	1.8%	2.9%	2.9%	2.2%	3.9%	3.4%	3.6%	2.9%	8.0%	4.9%	2.4%	2.6%	0.8%
Northeast	18.2%	10.2%	13.6%	13.6%	8.2%	14.8%	12.8%	9.7%	11.8%	20.9%	14.5%	20.3%	10.8%	0.8%
Minas Gerais	10.3%	7.0%	6.2%	7.2%	7.9%	8.3%	6.4%	6.1%	10.9%	10.5%	11.2%	5.4%	7.6%	1.0%
Espírito Santo	2.0%	1.9%	1.2%	1.9%	1.5%	1.4%	1.5%	1.4%	2.2%	0.9%	0.3%	2.9%	1.6%	1.2%
Rio de Janeiro	9.4%	10.2%	15.9%	14.6%	10.9%	17.3%	8.4%	11.4%	8.6%	16.8%	15.6%	7.6%	11.6%	1.7%
São Paulo	28.7%	40.5%	37.0%	29.8%	45.2%	33.0%	48.9%	48.3%	35.2%	24.1%	23.5%	42.8%	40.4%	2.0%
Southeast	50.3%	59.6%	60.4%	53.4%	65.5%	59.9%	65.1%	67.2%	56.9%	52.3%	50.6%	58.7%	61.3%	1.7%
Paraná	6.4%	8.6%	5.0%	5.7%	5.5%	4.1%	3.7%	6.4%	6.8%	5.5%	14.7%	6.2%	6.0%	1.3%
Santa Catarina	4.5%	3.8%	3.2%	4.6%	5.3%	3.4%	3.7%	4.4%	6.4%	2.9%	0.3%	3.4%	4.6%	1.4%
Rio Grande do Sul	6.3%	9.4%	4.9%	8.0%	5.6%	7.3%	4.5%	3.0%	8.8%	4.5%	6.1%	3.8%	6.5%	1.4%
South	17.2%	21.7%	13.2%	18.4%	16.3%	14.8%	12.0%	13.8%	22.0%	13.0%	21.2%	13.4%	17.2%	1.4%
Mato Grosso do Sul	1.3%	1.0%	1.1%	1.4%	0.8%	1.0%	1.1%	0.3%	0.7%	1.9%	0.9%	0.6%	1.0%	1.1%
Mato Grosso	1.6%	0.6%	2.2%	1.4%	0.8%	0.8%	1.1%	1.3%	1.2%	0.6%	0.2%	0.4%	0.9%	0.8%
Goiás	3.1%	1.9%	2.3%	2.6%	1.7%	2.6%	1.5%	2.6%	2.4%	3.0%	0.9%	0.9%	1.9%	0.9%
Distrito Federal	2.7%	2.1%	2.5%	3.4%	5.8%	2.4%	3.3%	2.1%	2.2%	1.8%	2.9%	2.4%	4.2%	2.2%
Midwest	8.7%	5.6%	8.1%	8.9%	9.0%	6.9%	6.9%	6.2%	6.6%	7.4%	5.0%	4.4%	8.0%	1.3%
TOTAL	48,948,433	105,744	29,921	112,820	326,438	9,351	31,574	3,552	18,741	19,190	6,673	18,876	682,880	1.4%
% creative activities in total	100.0%	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.7%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	1.4%
% in creative activities		15.5%	4.4%	16.5%	47.8%	1.4%	4.6%	0.5%	2.7%	2.8%	1.0%	2.8%	100.0%

	Index of formalization - Comparison between Census (2010) and RAIS (2010)			Share of Higher education Employees - RAI S (2013)			Enrollment in education of higher level education - Census MEC (2014)
	Index of formalization in - Total	Index of formalization in Sub-total creative activities	Index of formalization in -Creative activities /total	Higher education - Creative Activities	Higher education - Overall Activities	Comparison - Creative Activities/ Overall Activities	Enrollment in education of higher level -academic fields related to creative activities	Enrollment in education of higher level - overall academic fields	% of Enrollment in education of higher level -academic fields related to creative activities
Rondônia	45.7%	25.7%	56.2%	11.5%	14.7%	0.78	2,816	47,915	5.9%
Acre	43.4%	24.2%	55.7%	16.3%	22.0%	0.74	1,862	25,166	7.4%
Amazonas	43.5%	23.9%	55.0%	23.4%	18.4%	1.27	8,038	138,407	5.8%
Roraima	43.3%	29.5%	68.1%	18.7%	27.5%	0.68	1,090	20,991	5.2%
Pará	32.8%	24.9%	76.0%	26.4%	17.0%	1.55	6,711	134,849	5.0%
Amapá	41.5%	14.4%	34.8%	23.5%	14.0%	1.68	2,624	31,165	8.4%
Tocantins	40.9%	11.8%	28.8%	22.1%	21.3%	1.04	1,909	49,119	3.9%
North	38.5%	23.0%	59.8%	22.5%	17.9%	1.26	25,050	447,612	5.6%
Maranhão	27.0%	15.0%	55.6%	18.1%	16.1%	1.13	5,908	119,697	4.9%
Piauí	31.1%	17.1%	55.2%	19.4%	22.9%	0.85	4,356	95,724	4.6%
Ceará	39.4%	29.4%	74.6%	26.9%	18.7%	1.44	18,209	225,460	8.1%
Rio Grande do Norte	46.4%	23.0%	49.5%	25.6%	18.8%	1.37	5,402	109,016	5.0%
Paraíba	39.2%	33.4%	85.1%	26.4%	19.5%	1.36	8,333	127,875	6.5%
Pernambuco	45.1%	26.5%	58.8%	37.4%	19.2%	1.95	15,456	225,993	6.8%
Alagoas	42.0%	21.3%	50.8%	20.1%	12.9%	1.56	4,350	81,914	5.3%
Sergipe	44.4%	30.0%	67.7%	24.0%	20.4%	1.18	3,767	68,472	5.5%
Bahia	36.6%	24.5%	66.9%	29.2%	15.3%	1.91	14,896	316,210	4.7%
Northeast	38.4%	25.1%	65.4%	28.5%	17.7%	1.61	80,677	1,370,361	5.9%
Minas Gerais	50.2%	32.0%	63.8%	37.8%	16.3%	2.32	44,775	661,585	6.8%
Espírito Santo	50.8%	33.3%	65.7%	37.7%	17.0%	2.22	8,496	118,693	7.2%
Rio de Janeiro	57.1%	36.6%	64.2%	43.9%	21.3%	2.07	40,086	544,605	7.4%
São Paulo	64.4%	43.0%	66.8%	49.1%	19.5%	2.51	158,749	1,702,174	9.3%
Southeast	58.9%	39.6%	67.3%	46.4%	19.1%	2.43	252,106	3,027,057	8.3%
Paraná	52.4%	35.0%	66.6%	36.9%	18.3%	2.02	30,217	374,501	8.1%
Santa Catarina	57.8%	39.6%	68.6%	39.7%	16.5%	2.41	24,496	227,099	10.8%
Rio Grande do Sul	50.7%	35.5%	70.1%	31.1%	16.1%	1.93	35,941	391,564	9.2%
South	53.0%	36.3%	68.5%	35.5%	17.0%	2.08	90,654	993,164	9.1%
Mato Grosso do Sul	47.5%	30.9%	65.0%	25.8%	16.9%	1.52	6,512	88,267	7.4%
Mato Grosso	45.3%	23.0%	50.8%	28.2%	15.9%	1.78	7,445	128,380	5.8%
Goiás	44.4%	30.6%	69.0%	29.3%	16.4%	1.79	12,534	210,215	6.0%
Distrito Federal	85.4%	63.0%	73.7%	51.6%	27.8%	1.86	16,935	183,811	9.2%
Midwest	52.8%	40.5%	76.6%	40.3%	19.9%	2.03	43,426	610,673	7.1%
TOTAL	51.0%	36.2%	71.0%	41.5%	18.5%	2.24	491,913	6,448,867	7.6%

	Total	Publishing and Printing	Film, video and music	Radio and TV	Software development	Architectural services	Advertising agencies	Design and Interior decoration	Photographic and similar activities	Performing activities	Activities related to cultural heritage	Activities of membership organizations linked to culture and art	Sub-total creative activities	Creative activities /total
Rondônia	0.7%	0.2%	0.6%	0.5%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.3%	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%	0.1%	0.5%
Acre	0.3%	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.2%	0.1%	0.0%	2.1%	0.3%	0.1%	0.6%
Amazonas	1.3%	0.7%	0.9%	1.1%	0.1%	1.2%	0.6%	0.1%	0.1%	5.7%	0.1%	0.2%	0.5%	0.9%
Roraima	0.2%	0.0%	0.1%	0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.5%
Pará	2.1%	0.8%	0.9%	0.9%	0.3%	0.8%	0.7%	1.0%	1.1%	0.9%	13.0%	1.9%	0.7%	0.7%
Amapá	0.3%	0.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.2%	0.0%	0.3%
Tocantins	0.5%	0.1%	0.2%	0.2%	0.0%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.3%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.1%	0.4%
North	5.3%	1.8%	3.1%	3.1%	0.5%	2.3%	1.5%	1.7%	2.1%	6.9%	15.5%	2.7%	1.6%	0.6%
Maranhão	1.2%	0.2%	0.7%	0.8%	0.1%	0.9%	0.4%	0.7%	0.3%	0.3%	0.5%	0.2%	0.3%	0.5%
Piauí	0.7%	0.2%	0.3%	0.4%	0.0%	0.7%	0.2%	0.1%	0.4%	0.2%	2.0%	2.4%	0.2%	0.6%
Ceará	2.3%	1.4%	1.5%	1.3%	1.3%	1.8%	0.7%	2.3%	1.4%	1.4%	0.0%	8.8%	1.4%	1.3%
Rio Grande do Norte	1.1%	0.3%	1.0%	0.7%	0.4%	1.1%	0.4%	0.4%	0.6%	1.4%	0.5%	0.4%	0.5%	0.9%
Paraíba	1.0%	0.4%	0.7%	0.8%	0.2%	0.1%	0.2%	0.1%	0.4%	1.3%	0.0%	0.2%	0.4%	0.8%
Pernambuco	3.0%	2.3%	1.6%	1.7%	1.7%	2.1%	1.6%	0.6%	2.3%	2.4%	1.1%	1.3%	1.8%	1.3%
Alagoas	0.8%	0.1%	0.4%	0.5%	0.1%	0.3%	0.2%	0.1%	0.6%	0.2%	0.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.5%
Sergipe	0.8%	0.3%	0.3%	0.4%	0.1%	0.6%	0.3%	0.0%	0.5%	0.6%	0.0%	0.2%	0.2%	0.6%
Bahia	3.9%	1.2%	1.8%	2.2%	1.3%	4.0%	1.8%	2.8%	2.2%	8.4%	1.7%	2.3%	1.6%	0.9%
Northeast	14.6%	6.5%	8.3%	8.7%	5.2%	11.6%	5.6%	7.2%	8.5%	16.3%	5.9%	15.9%	6.5%	1.0%
Minas Gerais	8.8%	5.4%	4.1%	4.7%	6.5%	6.3%	2.8%	3.9%	8.6%	8.8%	8.9%	6.6%	5.9%	1.5%
Espírito Santo	1.7%	1.5%	0.8%	1.3%	1.2%	1.0%	0.9%	0.9%	1.8%	0.5%	0.2%	2.9%	1.3%	1.6%
Rio de Janeiro	11.2%	11.6%	18.9%	29.1%	11.4%	18.5%	8.7%	11.7%	8.6%	18.6%	29.4%	8.9%	14.8%	2.9%
São Paulo	32.2%	51.9%	48.8%	33.0%	53.3%	45.5%	68.6%	53.5%	43.3%	29.5%	20.7%	48.5%	49.3%	3.3%
Southeast	53.8%	70.4%	72.6%	68.1%	72.4%	71.2%	80.9%	70.0%	62.3%	57.4%	59.1%	67.0%	71.3%	2.9%
Paraná	5.9%	7.7%	3.7%	4.3%	3.6%	3.4%	2.4%	7.1%	7.0%	8.1%	9.7%	4.9%	4.4%	1.6%
Santa Catarina	4.1%	2.4%	2.5%	2.6%	4.4%	2.5%	1.9%	6.6%	6.5%	2.1%	0.1%	2.5%	3.5%	1.9%
Rio Grande do Sul	6.0%	6.2%	3.8%	4.5%	5.7%	4.7%	2.8%	2.7%	7.9%	3.3%	5.3%	2.6%	5.3%	1.9%
South	16.0%	16.4%	10.1%	11.4%	13.6%	10.6%	7.1%	16.5%	21.3%	13.5%	15.2%	10.0%	13.2%	1.8%
Mato Grosso do Sul	1.2%	0.5%	0.8%	0.8%	0.4%	0.7%	0.4%	0.2%	0.6%	1.7%	0.6%	0.4%	0.5%	0.9%
Mato Grosso	1.5%	0.3%	1.4%	0.8%	0.6%	0.4%	0.4%	0.8%	0.9%	0.4%	0.1%	0.4%	0.6%	0.9%
Goiás	2.7%	1.4%	1.8%	1.6%	0.9%	1.5%	0.7%	2.1%	2.0%	2.3%	0.3%	0.6%	1.1%	0.9%
Distrito Federal	4.9%	2.8%	1.9%	5.5%	6.4%	1.7%	3.4%	1.6%	2.3%	1.6%	3.2%	3.0%	5.2%	2.3%
Midwest	10.2%	4.9%	5.9%	8.7%	8.3%	4.2%	4.8%	4.6%	5.8%	6.0%	4.3%	4.4%	7.5%	1.6%
TOTAL	101,491,948	288,125	53,630	378,568	1,224,553	19,631	114,788	6,188	22,308	34,441	22,032	31,970	2,196,234	2.2%
% creative activities in total	100.0%	0.3%	0.1%	0.4%	1.2%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	2.2%
% in creative activities		13.1%	2.4%	17.2%	55.8%	0.9%	5.2%	0.3%	1.0%	1.6%	1.0%	1.5%	100.0%

	Total	Publishing and Printing	Film, video and music	Radio and TV	Software develop- ment	Architec- tural services	Advert- ising agencies	Design and Interior decoration	Photo- graphic and similar activities	Perfor- ming activities	Activities related to cultural heritage	Activities of membership organizations linked to culture and art	Sub-total creative activities	Creative activities /total	Comp reg total	Comp reg creative activities
Rondônia	1,903	1,276	1,292	1,595	1,533	968	1,399	909	891	942	1,962	687	1,437	75.5%	91.8%	44.7%
Acre	2,041	1,281	1,273	1,826	1,716	1,175	1,462	897	802	2,214	2,111	1,491	1,723	84.4%	98.4%	53.6%
Amazonas	2,020	1,974	1,147	2,152	1,817	1,570	1,980	1,009	914	2,383	968	1,568	1,977	97.9%	97.4%	61.5%
Roraima	2,186	1,044	951	1,824	1,949	798	1,041		881	679	1,326	1,910	1,513	69.2%	105.4%	47.0%
Pará	1,900	1,755	1,110	1,621	2,764	1,355	1,729	1,028	952	1,065	9,516	1,520	2,096	110.4%	91.6%	65.2%
Amapá	2,480	960	884	1,937	1,615	764	1,315	621	925	924	941	1,033	1,454	58.6%	119.6%	45.2%
Tocantins	1,883	1,932	1,202	1,943	1,745	1,097	1,350	732	854	925	1,108	674	1,679	89.2%	90.8%	52.2%
North	1,970	1,718	1,149	1,826	2,179	1,373	1,717	958	914	1,945	5,840	1,436	1,888	95.9%	95.0%	58.7%
Maranhão	1,654	1,341	1,062	1,726	1,724	1,142	1,514	1,051	798	963	1,562	1,162	1,525	92.2%	79.8%	47.4%
Piauí	1,630	1,253	997	1,954	1,436	916	1,123	786	922	896	1,577	1,196	1,399	85.8%	78.6%	43.5%
Ceará	1,542	1,574	1,117	2,043	2,300	1,628	1,508	1,664	836	936	698	1,365	1,864	120.9%	74.4%	57.9%
Rio Grande do Norte	1,736	1,545	1,071	1,852	2,426	1,894	1,366	866	839	1,210	1,014	936	1,798	103.6%	83.7%	55.9%
Paraíba	1,520	1,245	1,215	1,768	2,020	897	1,224	763	867	1,066		979	1,583	104.1%	73.3%	49.2%
Pernambuco	1,703	2,251	1,090	2,531	2,943	2,078	1,917	1,009	816	1,157	1,615	1,396	2,390	140.3%	82.1%	74.3%
Alagoas	1,548	1,095	1,002	1,990	1,545	1,157	924	1,061	867	886	745	877	1,475	95.3%	74.7%	45.9%
Sergipe	1,885	1,504	920	2,120	1,714	936	1,116	489	892	1,288	767	1,160	1,580	83.8%	90.9%	49.1%
Bahia	1,731	1,764	1,152	2,514	2,090	2,180	1,888	1,370	893	1,897	1,126	1,599	1,989	114.9%	83.5%	61.8%
Northeast	1,664	1,723	1,099	2,140	2,348	1,643	1,607	1,284	854	1,396	1,342	1,330	1,923	115.6%	80.2%	59.8%
Minas Gerais	1,762	2,098	1,170	2,211	3,107	1,587	1,589	1,118	942	1,506	2,608	2,068	2,489	141.2%	85.0%	77.4%
Espírito Santo	1,851	2,250	1,230	2,359	3,059	1,482	2,153	1,061	983	997	1,596	1,693	2,484	134.2%	89.3%	77.2%
Rio de Janeiro	2,467	3,089	2,136	6,703	3,906	2,245	3,799	1,782	1,187	1,989	6,233	2,003	4,083	165.5%	119.0%	126.9%
São Paulo	2,328	3,490	2,360	3,717	4,422	2,899	5,096	1,932	1,465	2,190	2,913	1,919	3,925	168.6%	112.3%	122.0%
Southeast	2,219	3,218	2,156	4,281	4,146	2,495	4,521	1,814	1,304	1,968	3,859	1,932	3,738	168.4%	107.0%	116.2%
Paraná	1,927	2,453	1,332	2,498	2,474	1,758	2,371	1,958	1,223	2,643	2,180	1,338	2,345	121.7%	92.9%	72.9%
Santa Catarina	1,865	1,758	1,406	1,882	3,100	1,541	1,806	2,630	1,191	1,259	1,483	1,235	2,463	132.1%	89.9%	76.6%
Rio Grande do Sul	1,982	1,816	1,398	1,884	3,789	1,365	2,275	1,568	1,073	1,301	2,868	1,138	2,595	130.9%	95.6%	80.7%
South	1,931	2,058	1,375	2,075	3,127	1,514	2,159	2,086	1,154	1,861	2,370	1,255	2,472	128.0%	93.1%	76.9%
Mato Grosso do Sul	1,897	1,432	1,340	1,926	1,639	1,336	1,246	1,136	984	1,551	2,196	1,158	1,617	85.2%	91.5%	50.3%
Mato Grosso	1,895	1,333	1,169	1,824	3,078	1,014	1,184	1,129	942	1,105	1,778	1,382	2,092	110.4%	91.4%	65.0%
Goiás	1,791	1,898	1,346	2,129	2,105	1,168	1,676	1,393	961	1,369	1,153	1,232	1,912	106.8%	86.4%	59.5%
Distrito Federal	3,783	3,681	1,385	5,336	4,146	1,445	3,734	1,318	1,222	1,599	3,653	2,081	4,046	106.9%	182.4%	125.8%
Midwest	2,438	2,411	1,309	3,290	3,447	1,271	2,503	1,302	1,047	1,453	2,846	1,715	3,004	123.2%	117.6%	93.4%
TOTAL	2,073	2,725	1,792	3,356	3,751	2,099	3,636	1,742	1,190	1,795	3,302	1,694	3,216	155.1%	100.0%	100.0%
% creative activities in total	100.0%	131.4%	86.4%	161.8%	180.9%	101.2%	175.3%	84.0%	57.4%	86.6%	159.2%	81.7%	155.1%
% in creative activities		84.7%	55.7%	104.3%	116.6%	65.3%	113.0%	54.2%	37.0%	55.8%	102.7%	52.7%	100.0%

	Number of workers			Labor income - Total Monthly Payed (R$ 1000)			Personal worker income (R$)
Year	2006	2010	2013	Var	2006	2010	2013	Var	2006	2010	2013	Var
Publishing and Printing	109,362	114,910	105,744	-3%	180,808	250,311	288,125	59%	1,653	2,178	2,725	65%
Film, video and music	21,056	24,528	29,921	42%	22,560	34,090	53,630	138%	1,071	1,390	1,792	67%
Radio and TV	82,490	108,177	112,820	37%	168,725	284,142	378,568	124%	2,045	2,627	3,356	64%
Software development	158,747	255,876	326,438	106%	345,763	740,993	1,224,553	254%	2,178	2,896	3,751	72%
Architectural services	9,066	12,132	9,351	3%	12,905	23,991	19,631	52%	1,423	1,977	2,099	48%
Advertising agencies	26,877	30,896	31,574	17%	49,115	79,980	114,788	134%	1,827	2,589	3,636	99%
Design and Interior decoration	1,862	2,354	3,552	91%	1,286	3,047	6,188	381%	691	1,294	1,742	152%
Photographic and similar activities	12,601	17,931	18,741	49%	8,872	16,884	22,308	151%	704	942	1,190	69%
Performing activities	11,740	15,486	19,190	63%	11,809	21,200	34,441	192%	1,006	1,369	1,795	78%
Activities related to cultural heritage	6,158	6,832	6,673	8%	10,172	18,016	22,032	117%	1,652	2,637	3,302	100%
Organizations linked to culture and art	12,426	17,516	18,876	52%	12,181	23,105	31,970	162%	980	1,319	1,694	73%
Creative Activities	452,385	606,638	682,880	51%	824,197	1,495,760	2,196,234	166%	1,822	2,466	3,216	77%
Manufacture sectors	7,122,536	8,499,202	8,998,796	26%	8,869,054	14,151,537	19,717,026	122%	1,245	1,665	2,191	76%
Services sectors	18,951,696	23,268,395	26,066,422	38%	25,415,751	42,504,082	61,505,731	142%	1,341	1,827	2,360	76%
Total	35,155,249	44,068,355	48,948,433	39%	41,116,759	69,999,187	101,491,948	147%	1,170	1,588	2,073	77%
% of Creative activities	1.29%	1.38%	1.40%	9%	2.00%	2.14%	2.16%	8%	1.56	1.55	1.55	-1%

	Number of workers			Labor income - total monthly payments.
	2006	2010	2013	Var	2006	2010	2013	Var
Publishing and Printing	0.2096	0.2048	0.2003	-4.5%	0.3087	0.2982	0.2979	-3.5%
Film, video and music	0.1971	0.1848	0.1774	-10.0%	0.3002	0.2770	0.2811	-6.3%
Radio and TV	0.1323	0.1426	0.1328	0.4%	0.2154	0.2196	0.2051	-4.8%
Software development	0.2167	0.2481	0.2368	9.3%	0.3158	0.3340	0.3125	-1.0%
Architectural services	0.1636	0.1732	0.1590	-2.8%	0.2217	0.2197	0.2528	14.0%
Advertising agencies	0.2213	0.2509	0.2599	17.5%	0.4225	0.4620	0.4823	14.2%
Design and Interior decoration	0.3118	0.2040	0.2605	-16.4%	0.3444	0.2746	0.3142	-8.8%
Photographic and similar activities	0.1336	0.2148	0.1639	22.7%	0.2052	0.2849	0.2202	7.3%
Performing activities	0.1500	0.1329	0.1169	-22.1%	0.1830	0.1623	0.1501	-18.0%
Activities related to cultural heritage	0.1771	0.1424	0.1266	-28.5%	0.2885	0.1606	0.1687	-41.5%
Organizations linked to culture and art	0.0987	0.1560	0.2146	117.5%	0.1276	0.1943	0.2627	105.9%
Sub-total creative activities	0.1781	0.2014	0.1977	11.0%	0.2699	0.2851	0.2788	3.3%
Sub-total manufacture	0.1607	0.1567	0.1493	-7.1%	0.2297	0.2131	0.1943	-15.4%
Sub-total services	0.1153	0.1167	0.1156	0.3%	0.1339	0.1290	0.1259	-6.0%
Total	0.1250	0.1234	0.1202	-3.9%	0.1552	0.1468	0.1403	-9.6%

	Number of workers			Labor income - total monthly payments
	RAIS 2006	RAIS 2010	RAIS 2013	var RAIS	RAIS 2006	RAIS 2010	RAIS 2013	var RAIS
Rondônia	0.2692	0.2951	0.2977	10.6%	0.3556	0.3445	0.3412	-4.1%
Acre	0.2596	0.2670	0.2342	-9.8%	0.3245	0.3496	0.2770	-14.7%
Amazonas	0.2167	0.1745	0.2000	-7.7%	0.2377	0.1807	0.2203	-7.3%
Roraima	0.2777	0.2769	0.3348	20.6%	0.3887	0.3461	0.4345	11.8%
Pará	0.1793	0.1851	0.1748	-2.5%	0.2051	0.1880	0.1773	-13.6%
Amapá	0.2668	0.3308	0.2076	-22.2%	0.3334	0.4103	0.3046	-8.6%
Tocantins	0.2268	0.1906	0.2320	2.3%	0.2750	0.2099	0.2829	2.9%
North	0.1878	0.1836	0.1960	4.3%	0.2143	0.1811	0.1945	-9.3%
Maranhão	0.2369	0.2451	0.2399	1.3%	0.3088	0.2758	0.2888	-6.5%
Piauí	0.1936	0.1829	0.1517	-21.6%	0.2593	0.2244	0.1886	-27.3%
Ceará	0.2085	0.2060	0.2427	16.4%	0.2831	0.2878	0.3223	13.8%
Rio Grande do Norte	0.1812	0.1718	0.2025	11.8%	0.2247	0.1991	0.2846	26.6%
Paraíba	0.2884	0.2295	0.2240	-22.3%	0.3004	0.2699	0.2705	-9.9%
Pernambuco	0.1918	0.1917	0.2543	32.6%	0.2364	0.2499	0.3445	45.8%
Alagoas	0.2572	0.2263	0.2207	-14.2%	0.3348	0.2907	0.3006	-10.2%
Sergipe	0.2728	0.2169	0.1810	-33.7%	0.3779	0.2570	0.2347	-37.9%
Bahia	0.1837	0.2353	0.2309	25.7%	0.2275	0.2726	0.2626	15.4%
Northeast	0.1822	0.1924	0.2099	15.2%	0.2275	0.2423	0.2741	20.5%
Minas Gerais	0.3185	0.2536	0.2965	-6.9%	0.3421	0.3265	0.4179	22.1%
Espírito Santo	0.2074	0.2701	0.2703	30.3%	0.2910	0.3570	0.3592	23.4%
Rio de Janeiro	0.2061	0.2359	0.2691	30.6%	0.2721	0.2960	0.3120	14.7%
São Paulo	0.2521	0.2925	0.3310	31.3%	0.3032	0.3560	0.4011	32.3%
Southeast	0.2439	0.2720	0.3105	27.3%	0.2845	0.3258	0.3694	29.9%
Paraná	0.1867	0.2155	0.2666	42.8%	0.2119	0.2502	0.2935	38.5%
Santa Catarina	0.2001	0.2882	0.3470	73.4%	0.2562	0.4104	0.4987	94.6%
Rio Grande do Sul	0.2489	0.2363	0.2635	5.8%	0.2559	0.2844	0.4071	59.1%
South	0.2022	0.2334	0.2815	39.2%	0.2214	0.2906	0.3821	72.6%
Mato Grosso do Sul	0.2067	0.2255	0.2504	21.1%	0.2541	0.2566	0.2711	6.7%
Mato Grosso	0.2024	0.2092	0.2445	20.8%	0.2567	0.2446	0.3885	51.3%
Goiás	0.2642	0.3212	0.2506	-5.1%	0.2841	0.3100	0.2940	3.5%
Distrito Federal	0.4668	0.4516	0.4678	0.2%	0.4542	0.4649	0.5013	10.4%
Midwest	0.3255	0.3416	0.3411	4.8%	0.3695	0.3951	0.4324	17.0%
TOTAL	0.2233	0.2527	0.2865	28.3%	0.2713	0.3139	0.3619	33.4%

	Number of workers				Labor income - total monthly payments
	2006			2013				2006			2013
	General Media	Infor- mation Techno- logies	Architec- ture, Design and Arts	Sub-total creative activities	General Media	Infor- mation Techno- logies	Architec- ture, Design and Arts	Sub-total creative activities	General Media	Infor- mation Techno- logies	Architec- ture, Design and Arts	Sub-total creative activities	General Media	Infor- mation Techno- logies	Architec- ture, Design and Arts	Sub-total creative activities
Rondônia	0.74	0.08	0.92	0.55	0.91	0.08	0.88	0.57	0.37	0.03	0.89	0.26	0.52	0.03	1.19	0.30
Acre	0.67	0.08	0.30	0.71	0.67	0.05	0.26	0.54	0.37	0.04	0.15	0.39	0.40	0.02	0.17	0.30
Amazonas	0.86	0.22	3.53	0.70	0.92	0.23	2.01	0.71	0.65	0.12	3.20	0.51	0.66	0.12	1.95	0.46
Roraima	0.90	0.08	0.78	0.67	1.07	0.07	1.37	0.66	0.49	0.04	1.06	0.34	0.54	0.04	1.56	0.31
Pará	0.58	0.23	0.44	0.52	0.65	0.16	0.18	0.50	0.47	0.21	0.18	0.41	0.40	0.13	0.11	0.33
Amapá	0.68	0.21	0.92	0.60	0.51	0.11	0.88	0.40	0.31	0.08	0.88	0.26	0.25	0.04	1.67	0.16
Tocantins	0.50	0.06	1.15	0.44	0.58	0.17	0.90	0.41	0.31	0.03	0.72	0.25	0.39	0.09	0.36	0.25
North	0.68	0.18	0.83	0.57	0.75	0.16	0.22	0.55	0.48	0.13	0.47	0.39	0.47	0.10	0.11	0.34
Maranhão	0.54	0.12	0.98	0.43	0.64	0.13	1.00	0.46	0.38	0.09	1.10	0.29	0.44	0.07	0.88	0.29
Piauí	0.57	0.21	0.52	0.48	0.65	0.09	0.48	0.56	0.34	0.25	0.30	0.31	0.47	0.05	0.36	0.34
Ceará	0.77	0.53	0.58	0.72	0.74	0.69	2.19	0.78	0.65	0.66	0.26	0.66	0.59	0.57	1.72	0.62
Rio Grande do Norte	0.64	0.12	1.00	0.54	0.75	0.45	1.66	0.67	0.41	0.08	0.83	0.33	0.50	0.35	1.48	0.45
Paraíba	0.91	0.15	1.10	0.68	0.81	0.28	1.06	0.61	0.66	0.19	0.65	0.50	0.60	0.21	0.78	0.43
Pernambuco	0.67	0.58	0.28	0.75	0.72	0.60	0.66	0.68	0.73	0.73	0.17	0.90	0.65	0.58	0.48	0.62
Alagoas	0.51	0.17	1.45	0.41	0.52	0.25	0.68	0.42	0.44	0.09	2.80	0.33	0.40	0.14	0.58	0.28
Sergipe	0.86	0.16	0.29	0.67	0.72	0.25	0.37	0.57	0.60	0.11	0.23	0.44	0.48	0.13	0.23	0.33
Bahia	0.55	0.56	0.67	0.60	0.51	0.47	0.76	0.53	0.54	0.42	0.42	0.53	0.43	0.32	0.47	0.42
Northeast	0.65	0.40	1.22	0.62	0.66	0.45	1.03	0.61	0.57	0.41	1.09	0.56	0.52	0.35	1.10	0.47
Minas Gerais	0.67	1.33	1.03	0.84	0.72	0.76	1.12	0.74	0.57	0.89	0.94	0.68	0.58	0.74	1.18	0.66
Espírito Santo	0.83	0.63	0.81	0.78	0.91	0.78	0.80	0.86	0.76	0.72	0.81	0.74	0.77	0.72	0.86	0.74
Rio de Janeiro	1.41	1.23	0.82	1.41	1.32	1.16	0.82	1.28	1.87	1.21	0.58	1.68	1.83	1.02	0.69	1.47
São Paulo	1.24	1.39	1.86	1.25	1.26	1.58	1.43	1.36	1.30	1.53	1.76	1.34	1.34	1.66	1.58	1.47
Southeast	1.14	1.32	0.84	1.18	1.15	1.30	1.16	1.20	1.28	1.34	0.73	1.29	1.30	1.34	1.16	1.31
Paraná	1.01	0.47	0.96	0.88	1.05	0.86	0.84	0.98	0.84	0.38	1.01	0.71	0.93	0.61	0.78	0.80
Santa Catarina	0.86	0.76	1.07	0.86	0.92	1.17	1.04	0.99	0.54	0.68	1.08	0.64	0.63	1.07	1.12	0.82
Rio Grande do Sul	1.37	0.52	1.32	1.11	1.28	0.89	0.65	1.11	0.88	0.40	1.91	0.71	0.84	0.94	0.52	0.87
South	1.11	0.57	0.61	0.96	1.10	0.95	0.77	1.03	0.78	0.46	0.41	0.69	0.82	0.85	0.61	0.83
Mato Grosso do Sul	0.84	0.52	1.00	0.75	0.86	0.65	0.69	0.78	0.56	0.24	1.22	0.47	0.56	0.31	0.47	0.46
Mato Grosso	0.65	0.22	0.81	0.52	0.71	0.47	0.87	0.60	0.40	0.11	0.67	0.30	0.42	0.42	0.72	0.41
Goiás	0.88	0.96	0.32	0.86	0.74	0.54	0.35	0.66	0.75	0.53	0.21	0.67	0.57	0.35	0.23	0.47
Distrito Federal	0.88	3.95	0.47	1.67	1.01	2.17	0.65	1.40	0.57	1.84	0.37	0.99	0.82	1.31	0.49	1.01
Midwest	0.83	1.72	2.06	1.04	0.83	1.04	0.85	0.89	0.59	1.15	1.93	0.77	0.66	0.81	0.48	0.72
TOTAL	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00

	Municipalities	Micro regions	Number of micro-regions with Relative Specialization Index (QL)greater than 1			% of micro-regions with Relative Specialization Index (QL)greater than 1
	Municipalities	Micro regions	General Media	Information Technologies	Architecture, Design and Arts	Sub-total creative activities	General Media	Information Technologies	Architecture, Design and Arts	Sub-total creative activities
Rondônia	52	8	2		1		25.0%	0.0%	12.5%	0.0%
Acre	22	5			1		0.0%	0.0%	20.0%	0.0%
Amazonas	62	13			1		0.0%	0.0%	7.7%	0.0%
Roraima	52	8	2		1		25.0%	0.0%	12.5%	0.0%
Pará	144	22	1		2		4.5%	0.0%	9.1%	0.0%
Amapá	16	4					0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Tocantins	139	8					0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
North	450	64	5		5		7.8%	0.0%	7.8%	0.0%
Maranhão	217	21	2		2		9.5%	0.0%	9.5%	0.0%
Piauí	224	15			2	1	0.0%	0.0%	13.3%	6.7%
Ceará	184	33	1	1	5	1	3.0%	3.0%	15.2%	3.0%
Rio Gr. do Norte	167	19	1		6		5.3%	0.0%	31.6%	0.0%
Paraíba	223	23	2		1		8.7%	0.0%	4.3%	0.0%
Pernambuco	185	19	1		4	1	5.3%	0.0%	21.1%	5.3%
Alagoas	102	13					0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Sergipe	75	13			1		0.0%	0.0%	7.7%	0.0%
Bahia	417	32			4		0.0%	0.0%	12.5%	0.0%
Northeast	1,794	188	7	1	25	3	3.7%	0.5%	13.3%	1.6%
Minas Gerais	853	66	2	2	6	1	3.0%	3.0%	9.1%	1.5%
Espírito Santo	78	13	1	2	3	2	7.7%	15.4%	23.1%	15.4%
Rio de Janeiro	92	18	2	2	4	2	11.1%	11.1%	22.2%	11.1%
São Paulo	645	63	14	3	13	5	22.2%	4.8%	20.6%	7.9%
Southeast	1,668	160	19	9	26	10	11.9%	5.6%	16.3%	6.3%
Paraná	399	39	7	6	8	6	17.9%	15.4%	20.5%	15.4%
Santa Catarina	295	20	5	4		3	25.0%	20.0%	0.0%	15.0%
Rio Grande do Sul	497	35	22	1	5	3	62.9%	2.9%	14.3%	8.6%
South	1,191	94	34	11	13	12	36.2%	11.7%	13.8%	12.8%
Mato Grosso do Sul	79	11	1	1	3	1	9.1%	9.1%	27.3%	9.1%
Mato Grosso	141	22	2	1			9.1%	4.5%	0.0%	0.0%
Goiás	246	18	1		1		5.6%	0.0%	5.6%	0.0%
Distrito Federal	1	1	1	1		1	100.0%	100.0%	0.0%	100.0%
Midwest	467	52	5	3	4	2	9.6%	5.8%	7.7%	3.8%
TOTAL	5,570	558	70	24	73	27	12.5%	4.3%	13.1%	4.8%

[1] Corresponding author: Jorge N. P. Britto E-mail address: britto.jorge@gmail.com

Brasil

Brasil

ECONOMIA CRIATIVA NO BRASIL: UMA PERSPECTIVA REGIONAL

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