Perceptions of anticoagulated patients about self-care in the light of Dorothea Orem’s TheoryObjective: To analyze the perceptions of anticoagulated patients about self-care in the light of Dorothea Orem’s Theory.
Method: Qualitative study conducted at an outpatient clinic specialized in oral anticoagulation in Recife, PE, Brazil, between January and February 2024, with 20 patients on continuous use of oral anticoagulants, with a mean age of 60.5 years (SD±12.12). Data were collected through five group sessions using a semi-structured script, with the support of IRAMUTEQ® software, and interpreted in the light of Orem’s Theory.
Results: Classes emerged and were categorized into thematic axes represented by the self-care requisites proposed by Orem. Difficulties in medication adherence, lifestyle changes, and physical limitations were allocated to the Universal Requisites; financial concerns regarding medication acquisition, feelings of insecurity, and anxiety about continuous therapy were linked to the Developmental Requisite; insufficient knowledge about the anticoagulant was associated with the Health Deviation Requisite.
Final considerations: There are challenges related to the new health condition of these patients, which hinder self-care and, consequently, contribute to complications. Strategies for health education actions supported by educational technologies are necessary, targeting the needs of this population, as well as improvements in the training of health professionals who care for anticoagulated patients.
Descriptors:
Self-care; Anticoagulants; Nursing care; Nursing; Health Education
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Source: IRAMUTEQ Software, 2024. Legend: Five classes resulting from text segments (rectangles class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5); in each class % of representation in the corpus; Word (most representative); f = word frequency; X²= chi-square, association of the word with the class.