Abstract
This article is one of the results of a research process focused on analyzing the recall as a mechanism for citizen participation and control, that was adopted to a greater extent since the late 1880 by several Latin American countries in a climate of crisis of political representation. The case of Panama is doubly interesting for its study, due to the fact that, in addition to the popular recall, it includes a special modality of recall: the party recall or “anti-transgression” one. For its approach, an in-depth and comparative analysis is made of the national legislation that creates and regulates these institutes, as well as an empirical study of the only two cases of party recall application registered so far. The conclusions summarize the scope and limitations of the existence and use of the recall as an instrument of democratic deepening.
Keywords:
Popular recall; party recall; citizen participation and control; direct democracy; Panamá