Food availability and food insecurity in households in the state of Tocantins, Northern Brazil

SCHOTT, Eloise; PRIORE, Silvia Eloiza; RIBEIRO, Andréia Queiroz; REZENDE, Fabiane Aparecida Canaan; FRANCESCHINI, Sylvia do Carmo Castro

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202033e200100

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Sumário

Original • Rev Nutr 33 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202033e200100 copy

Food availability and food insecurity in households in the state of Tocantins, Northern Brazil

Disponibilidade de alimentos e insegurança alimentar de domicílios do Estado do Tocantins, Região Norte do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To assess the relationship between food availability, food insecurity and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of households in the urban area of the state of Tocantins.

Methods

Population-based, cross-sectional study conducted in 594 households in the urban area of 22 municipalities in the state of Tocantins. A survey was carried out in the households, to collect socioeconomic and data, and assess food insecurity using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Further a food availability questionnaire was applied by the interviewer with the head of the family, who reported on the food and drinks available at home in the last 30 days. The description of the food available in the households resulted in a total of 142 food items that were grouped according to the NOVA classification of foods. demographic

Results

It was found that 63.3% of households were in a situation of food insecurity. The median caloric availability found was 2,771.4kcal/per capita/day, with the largest caloric contribution coming from fresh and minimally processed foods, regardless of the degree of food insecurity.

Food availability was affected by socioeconomic vulnerability and the situation of food insecurity in the families.

Keywords
Diet; Diet surveys; Food and nutrition security; Socioeconomic factors

Households		n	%
Number of residents
	Up to 3	342	57.6
	from 4 to 6	228	38.4
	≥7	24	4.0
Beneficiaries of a social welfare program
	Yes	114	19.2
	No	480	80.8
Monthly income per capita (minimal wages)^* * n=535.
	< ¼	48	9.0
	≥ ¼ a ≤ ½	159	29.7
	>½ ≤1	195	36.4
	>1 ≤2	93	17.4
	> 2	40	7.5
Food insecurity situation - EBIA
	Food Security	218	36.7
	Mild Food Insecurity	243	40.9
	Moderate/Severe Food Insecurity	133	22.4
	Householder	n	%
Gender
	Male	136	22.9
	Female	458	77.1
Age (years)
	18 to 49	325	54.7
	50 to 64	145	24.4
	65 or more	124	20.9
Race/skin color (self-declared)
	Caucasian/yellow	137	23.1
	Black	107	18.0
	Brown	335	56.4
	Indigenous	15	2.5
Paid activity
	Yes	289	48.6
	No	305	51.4
Years of study
	<4	138	23.2
	≥4 e ≤8	156	26.6
	>8	300	50.2

Variable	Median (interquartile range)
Total kilocalories	2,771.4 (1,956.6-3,697.6)
Kilocalories of fresh food and minimally processed	1,650.7 (1,172.4-2,263.2)
Kilocalories of processed culinary ingredients	591.3 (402.7-861.0)
Processed food kilocalories	77.9 (27.9-155.1)
Ultra-processed food kilocalories	284.1 (153.1-464.2)

Variables		Median (interquartile range)
Variables		kcal^* * Kcal: kilocalory; per capita total	kcal^* * Kcal: kilocalory; Fresh food and minimally processed	kcal^* * Kcal: kilocalory; Processed culinary ingredients	kcal^* * Kcal: kilocalory; Processed food	kcal^* * Kcal: kilocalory; Ultra-processed food
Food insecurity (FI)		p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p=0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;
	Food Security	3,017.7	1,860.5	627.6	109.7	328.7
		(2337.3-4088.6)	(1364.0-2514.4)	(471.8-949.8)	(54.9-196.7)	(220.8-523.7)
	Mild FI	2,683.9	1,555.2	538.2	67.7	277.4
		(1902.8-3499.3)	(1126.1-2194.8)	(368.1-806.4)	(23.6-138.3)	(162.8-423.5)
	Moderate Severe FI	2,361.2	1,329.2	537.6	42.6	176.4
		(1485.9-3509.2)	(935.0-2094.6)	(334.7-806.4)	(12.3-134.2)	(91.7-348.0)
Welfare Assistance benefit		p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;
	Yes	1,974.3	1,164.1	394.6	43.6	229.3
		(1359.4-2829.1)	(932.6-1684.4)	(269.2-580.2)	(13.7-106.9)	(90.2-353.6)
	No	2,913.5	1,816.8	626.4	84.6	294.3
		(2149.5-3923.9)	(1269.7-2398.5)	(437.8-953.7)	(35.8-165.2)	(172.2-483.3)
Children under 18		p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p<0.001^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p=0.003^* ***** p: Mann-Whitney Test;	p=0.384
	Yes	2,254.2	1,342.1	448.3	63.9	284.1
		(1652.1-3006.2)	(999.2-1899.7)	(307.6-631.7)	(27.1-136.2)	(148.7-447.0)
	No	3,282.4	2,031.5	747.3	94.3	283
		(2570.0-4499.0)	(1460.7-2835.6)	(553.3-1115.8)	(32.7-178.7)	(160.4-480.3)
Residents number		p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;
	up to 3	3,272.1	1,986.2	733.6	93.2	317.9
		(2571.6-4448.4)	(1452.9-2877.3)	(534.6-1106.4)	(36.6-182.7)	(175.0-512.9)
	from 4 to 6	2,148.7	1,316.7	447.1	64.5	244.1
		(1590.9-2870.1)	(971.6-1823.3)	(307.5-619.4)	(27.7-122.8)	(142.0-383.9)
	≥7	1,656.7	993.1	307.3	26.8	136.8
		(1202.2-1955.6)	(761.7-1314.0)	(247.3-394.6)	(10.1-70.9)	(79.2-285.4)
Per capita income^** ****** n=535.		p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;	p<0.001^ p: Linear Trend;
	up to ¼	1,695.5	1,042.3	326.3	20.7	115.8
		(1131.9-2615.1)	(720.7-1694.2)	(249.2-556.9)	(3.5-56.8)	(67.3-234.6)
	from ¼ to ½	2,151.8	1,694.2	494.4	57.2	214.2
		(1712.5-2871.5)	(1020.1-1858.8)	(351.3-715.9)	(17.2-130.0)	(125.7-367.9)
	>½ to 1	3,202.1	2,016.9	681.2	88.1	302
		(2386.5-4228.2)	(1347.7-2632.9)	(487.7-1084.3)	(39.2-169.7)	(175.6-508.7)
	> 1 up to 2	3,263.9	1,937.8	724.4	114.2	409.7
		(2655.0-4376.8)	(1522.9-2667.1)	(538.2-1030.6)	(63.5-206.0)	(244.4-615.9)
	> 2	3,218.9	1,879	714.5	142.9	400.1
		(2659.8-4727.2)	(1495.2-2846.9)	(493.7-902.6)	(69.4-218.1)	(259.6-543.9)

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[1] Correspondence to: E. SCHOTT. E-mail: eloise@uft.edu.br.