Dissatisfaction with body image and associated factors in adult women

MOTA, Vinícius Evangelista Carlos da; HAIKAL, Desirée Sant’Ana; MAGALHÃES, Tatiana Almeida; SILVA, Nayra Suze Souza e; SILVA, Rosângela Ramos Veloso

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202033e190185

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Sumário

Original • Rev Nutr 33 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202033e190185 copy

Dissatisfaction with body image and associated factors in adult women

Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e fatores associados em mulheres adultas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To associate body image with sociodemographic profile, lifestyle, anthropometry and health conditions in adult women.

Methods

Prevalence study, conducted in a probabilistic cluster sample (n=35 Primary Education Schools) conducted in 2016 with 633 teachers. Sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated; morbidities, anthropometric variables; subjective health issues; lifestyle and self-reported morbidities.

Results

The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 48.7%. There was a greater chance of dissatisfaction among older women who have children, unsatisfactory lifestyle, are overweight, with poor health/poor self-perception of health, and the presence of depressive symptoms. Women who had a poor lifestyle had a four-fold greater chance of dissatisfaction with body appearance (Odds Ratio=4.193) than women who had a satisfactory lifestyle.

Conclusion

The results revealed that almost half of the adult women surveyed in this study reported dissatisfaction with their body image. This outcome indicates the need for interventions and program implementation related to body image dissatisfaction among women.

Keywords
Body image; Lifestyle; Nutritional status; Women’s health

Variables		n=633 (%)		Satisfied		Unsatisfied		p
Variables		n	%	n	%	n	%	p
Sociodemographic Profile
Age (in years)				(±SD)= 41.5 (9.7)		(±SD)= 40.4 (8.9)		0.153 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
Marital Status
	Single	414	64.5	202	48.8	212	51.2
	Married/C.L. Marriage	143	23.8	86	60.1	57	39.9	0.057 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Divorced/Widowed	76	11.7	37	48.7	39	51.3
Social Class ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	Class A	72	11.3	40	55.6	32	44.4
	Class B	368	59.7	184	50.0	184	50.0	0.632 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Class C/D/E	182	29.0	96	52.7	86	47.3
Skin Color ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	White/yellow	203	30.8	110	54.2	93	45.8	0.339 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Black/brown/indigenous	429	69.2	215	50.1	214	49.9
Children
	No	173	27.4	103	59.5	70	40.5	0.011 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Yes	460	72.6	222	48.3	238	51.7
Lifestyle ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	Satisfactory	571	92.4	310	54.3	261	45.7	0.000 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Inadequate	45	07.6	4	08.9	41	91.1
Anthropometry
Waist Circumference ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	Normal	505	84.6	289	57.2	216	42.8	0.000 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Large	93	15.4	21	22.6	72	77.4
BMI ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	Normal	292	48.3	193	66.1	99	33.9
	Overweight	202	35.1	96	47.5	106	52.5	0.000 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Obese	97	16.6	18	18.6	79	81.4
Body Fat Percentage ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	Normal	44	08.2	33	75.0	11	25.0	0.001 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	High	550	92.8	274	49.8	276	50.2
Health Conditions
Self-perceived Health
	Excellent/Good	411	65.9	263	64.0	148	36.0
	Regular	185	28.5	56	30.3	129	69.7	0.000 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Bad/Terrible	37	05.6	6	16.2	31	83.8
Depressive Symptoms ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	Absent	479	75.9	286	59.7	193	40.3	0.000 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Present	152	24.1	38	25.0	114	75.0
High Cholesterol
	No	481	75.7	254	52.8	227	47.2	0.190 ^ significant association (p<0,20); c (±SD): estimated mean and Standard Deviation.
	Yes	152	24.3	71	46.7	81	53.8
Diabetes ^* * n total variation, due to information loss
	No	616	97.5	315	51.1	301	48.9	0.369^**
	Yes	16	02.5	10	62.5	6	37.5

Variables		Odds Ratio	CI (95%)	p
Age		0.946	0.923-0.969	0.000
Children
	No	1	-	-
	Yes	1.992	1.215-3.266	0.006
Lifestyle
	Satisfactory	1	-	-
	Inadequate	4.193	1.350-13.023	0.013
BMI
	Normal	1	-	-
	Overweight	2.073	1.349-3.185	0.001
	Obese	12.225	6.243-23.940	0.000
Self-perceived Health
	Excellent/Good	1	-	-
	Regular	3.324	2.141-5.158	0.000
	Bad/Terrible	5.220	1.827-14.915	0.002
Depressive Symptoms
	Absent	1	-	-
	Present	2.983	1.810-4.914	0.000

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[1] Correspondence to: NSS SILVA. E-mail: nayrasusy@hotmail.com.