Association between physical inactivity in leisure, work, commuting, and household domains and nutritional status in adults in the capital cities of Brazil

STREB, Anne Ribeiro; MATIAS, Thiago Sousa; LEONEL, Larissa dos Santos; TOZETTO, Willen Remon; VIEIRA, Carolina Graef; DEL DUCA, Giovani Firpo

doi:10.1590/1678-9865201932e180276

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Original • Rev Nutr 32 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865201932e180276 copy

Association between physical inactivity in leisure, work, commuting, and household domains and nutritional status in adults in the capital cities of Brazil

Associação entre a inatividade física nos domínios do lazer, trabalho, deslocamento e domicílio e o estado nutricional em adultos das capitais do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate the association between different domains (leisure, work, commuting, and household) of physical activity, independent and cumulative, and excess weight and obesity in Brazilian adults.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional survey, conducted in 2015, through telephone interviews with a representative sample of adults from the capitals of Brazil. Physical inactivity was defined as non-participation in predefined physical activities for each assessed domain. Excess weight (Body Mass Index?25kg/m²) and obesity (Body Mass Index?30kg/m²) were determined from self-reported measurements of weight and height. A binary logistic regression was conducted after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.

Results

Among 54,174 subjects, physical inactivity in commuting (OR_{excess weight}=1.27, 95%CI=1.13,1.42 and OR_obesity=1.25, 95%CI=1.06,1.47) and leisure (OR_{excess weight}=1.12, 95%CI=1.04,1.22 and OR_obesity=1.30, 95%CI=1.17,1.45) domains were associated with nutritional status. In addition, a linear trend was observed between increasing obesity and cumulative physical inactivity of all four domains (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Cumulative physical inactivity, especially in the commuting and leisure domains, was associated with excess weight and obesity in adults living in the capitals of Brazil. One possible explanation of these findings is that these domains involve particularly longer duration and greater intensity of physical inactivity. Public policies concerning physical activity should prioritize actions focused in promoting physical activity on commuting and leisure-time to help prevent overweight and obesity in the Brazilian adult population.

Keywords
Body Mass Index; Leisure activities; Motor activity; Nutritional status

Variable	n=54,174
Variable	n	%^a	95%CI
Sex
Men	20,368	46.0	(45.1;47.0)
Women	33,806	54.0	(53.0;54.9)
Schooling (years)
0 to 8	14,924	34.6	(33.6;35.5)
9 to 11	19,525	38.1	(37.2;39.0)
?12	19,725	27.3	(26.5; 28.1)
Physical Inactivity in work
No	16,239	37.8	(36.9; 38.7)
Yes	37,656	62.2	(61.2; 63.1)
Physical Inactivity in household
No	22,288	41.6	(40.7; 42.5)
Yes	31,886	58.4	(57.5; 59.3)
Physical Inactivity in commuting
No	05,380	14.1	(13.4;14.7)
Yes	48,678	85.9	(85.2;86.6)
Physical Inactivity in leisure
No	28,938	51.2	(50.3; 52.2)
Yes	25,236	48.8	(47.8;49.7)
Excess weight
No	23,993	46.1	(45.1;47.0)
Yes	30,181	53.9	(53.0; 54.8)
Obesity
No	43,830	81.1	(80.3;81.8)
Yes	10,344	18.9	(18.2;19.7)

Variable	Excess weight	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis
Variable	%^a a relative frequency for weighted sample; OR: Odds Ratio; 95% CI:95% Confidence Interval.	OR (95%CI )	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Physical Inactivity in commuting			<0.001		<0.001
No	12.3	1.00		1.00
Yes	87.7	1.37 (1.22;1.53)		1.27 (1.13;1.42)
Physical Inactivity in household			<0.001		<0.001
No	43.1	1.00		1.00
Yes	56.9	0.87 (0.81;0.94)		0.79 (0.72;0.86)
Physical Inactivity in leisure			<0.001		0.004
No	49.1	1.00		1.00
Yes	50.9	1.21 (1.12;1.30)		1.12 (1.04;1.22)
Physical Inactivity in work			0.030		0.343
No	38.8	1.00		1.00
Yes	61.2	0.92 (0.84;0.99)		0.96 (0.88;1.04)

Variable	Obesity	Crude analysis		Adjusted analysis
Variable	%^a a relative frequency for weighted sample; OR: Odds Ratio; 95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval.	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Physical Inactivity in commuting			<0.001		<0.006
No	11.5	1.00		1.00
Yes	88.5	1.33 (1.13;1.55)		1.25 (1.06;1.47)
Physical Inactivity in household			<0.001		<0.065
No	44.7	1.00		1.00
Yes	55.3	0.85 (0.77;0.94)		0.91 (0.83;1.04)
Physical Inactivity in leisure			<0.001		<0.001
No	43.7	1.00		1.00
Yes	56.3	1.45 (1.31;1.61)		1.30 (1.17;1.45)
Physical Inactivity in work			<0.003		<0.164
No	36.8	1.00		1.00
Yes	63.2	1.05 (94.7;1.17)		1.09 (0.97;1.22)

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[1] Correspondence to: GF DEL DUCA.E-mail: >gfdelduca@gmail.com<