Detection of genetically modified organisms in the food chain is an important issue for all subjects involved in raw material control, food industry and distribution. Both labeling and traceability of genetically modified organisms are current issues that are considered for trade and regulation. Currently, labeling of genetically modified foods containing detectable transgenic material is required by the Brazilian legislation. The Brazilian government published the Decree nº 4.680 in April 2003, which requires labeling for all foods or food ingredients, with a stricter labeling threshold of 1%. Although polymerase chain reaction technology has some limitations, the high sensitivity and specificity explain why it has been the first choice of most analytical laboratories interested in detection of genetically modified organisms and their derived products. Among the currently available methods, polymerase chain reaction-based methods are accepted, considering the sensitivity and reliability for detection of genetically modified-derived material in routine analysis. In this paper, a review of currently available polymerase chain reaction methods for screening and quantifying genetically modified-derived ingredients is presented, discussing their applicability and limitations.
Foods genetically modified; Polymerase chain reaction; Food labeling
