Resumos
OBJETIVO:
Avaliar, mediante uma revisão da literatura, a utilização do teste Timed "Up & Go" (TUG) e seus principais aspectos metodológicos em crianças e adolescentes.
FONTES DE DADOS
Foram realizadas buscas nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SciELO e Cochrane Library, entre abril e julho de 2012. Selecionaram-se os estudos publicados de 1990 a 2012, utilizando-se os termos "timed up and go", "teste" ("test"), "equilíbrio" ("balance"), "criança" ("child") e "adolescente" ("adolescent"). Dividiram-se os resultados em categorias: características gerais dos estudos, populações avaliadas, metodologia de aplicação do teste, interpretação dos resultados e associações do teste com outras medidas.
SÍNTESE DOS DADOS
Incluíram-se 27 estudos e a maioria utilizou o TUG juntamente com outras medidas de desfecho para avaliar mobilidade ou equilíbrio funcional. Três trabalhos avaliaram o TUG em amostras expressivas de crianças e adolescentes com desenvolvimento típico e os diagnósticos específicos mais avaliados foram paralisia cerebral e traumatismo cranioencefálico. Não existe uma padronização quanto à metodologia utilizada, porém um estudo propôs adaptações para a população pediátrica. Em crianças e adolescentes com diagnósticos clínicos específicos, o coeficiente de confiabilidade intra-sessão mostrou-se alto na maioria dos estudos, assim como a confiabilidade intra e inter-examinador, caracterizando a boa reprodutibilidade do teste.
CONCLUSÕES
O TUG mostrou-se uma boa ferramenta para avaliar a mobilidade funcional em Pediatria, correlacionando-se com outros instrumentos de avaliação e apresentando boa reprodutibilidade.
limitação da mobilidade; equilíbrio postural; criança; adolescente
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate, by a literature review, the Timed "Up & Go" (TUG) test use and its main methodological aspects in children and adolescents.
DATA SOURCES
The searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SciELO and Cochrane Library, from April to July 2012. Studies published from 1990 to 2012 using the terms in Portuguese and English "Timed "Up & Go", "test", "balance", "child", and "adolescent" were selected. The results were divided into categories: general characteristics of the studies, population, test implementation METHODS, interpretation of results and associations with other measurements.
DATA SYNTHESIS
27 studies were analyzed in this review and most of them used the TUG test along with other outcome measures to assess functional mobility or balance. Three studies evaluated the TUG test in significant samples of children and adolescents with typical development, and the most studied specific diagnoses were cerebral palsy and traumatic brain injury. The absence of methodological standardization was noted, but one study proposed adaptations to the pediatric population. In children and adolescents with specific clinical diagnoses, the coefficient of within-session reliability was found to be high in most studies, as well as the intra and inter-examiner reliability, which characterizes the good reproducibility of the test.
CONCLUSIONS
The TUG test was shown to be a good tool to assess functional mobility in the pediatric population, presenting a good reproducibility and correlation with other assessment tools.
mobility limitation; postural balance; child; adolescent
OBJETIVO
Evaluar, mediante una revisión de la literatura, la utilización de la prueba Timed "Up & Go" y sus principales aspectos metodológicos en niños y adolescentes.
FUENTES DE DATOS
Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SciELO y Cochrane Library, entre abril y julio de 2012. Se seleccionaron los estudios publicados de 1990 a 2012, utilizándose los términos "timed up and go", "prueba" ("test"), "equilibrio" ("balance"), "niño" ("child") y "adolescente" ("adolescent"). Se dividieron los resultados en categorías: características generales de los estudios, poblaciones evaluadas, metodología de aplicación de la prueba, interpretación de los resultados y asociaciones de la prueba con otras medidas.
SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS
Se incluyeron 27 estudios y la mayoría utilizó el TUG juntamente con otras medidas de desfecho para evaluar movilidad o equilibrio funcional. Tres trabajos evaluaron el TUG en muestras expresivas de niños y adolescentes con desarrollo típico y los diagnósticos específicos más evaluados fueron parálisis cerebral y traumatismo craneoencefálico. No existe una estandarización respecto a la metodología utilizada, pero un estudio propuso adaptaciones para la población pediátrica. En niños y adolescentes con diagnósticos clínicos específicos, el coeficiente de confiabilidad intrasesión se mostró alto en la mayoría de los estudios, así como la confiabilidad intra e inter-examinador, caracterizando buena reproductibilidad de la prueba.
CONCLUSIONES
El TUG se mostró una buena herramienta para evaluar la movilidad funcional en Pediatría, correlacionándose con otros instrumentos de evaluación y presentando buena reproductibilidad.
limitación de la movilidad; equilibrio postural; niño; adolescente
Introdução
O teste Timed "Up & Go" (TUG) foi desenvolvido por Podsiadlo e Richardson em 1991( 11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8. ), a partir da versão denominada Get-up and Go, proposta por Mathias et al em 1986( 22. Mathias S, Nayak US, Isaacs B. Balance in elderly patients: the "get-up and go" test. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1986;67:387-9. ). O teste "Get-up and Go" apresentava, originalmente, o objetivo de avaliar de forma clínica as alterações do equilíbrio dinâmico em idosos durante o desempenho de uma tarefa, com situações críticas para a queda. Podsiadlo e Richardson propuseram o uso do tempo em segundos para pontuar o teste, denominando-o Timed "Up & Go", pois existia limitação na pontuação da escala original( 11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up & Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8. ).
O TUG mede, em segundos, o tempo necessário para um indivíduo levantar de uma
cadeira de braços padrão (altura de aproximadamente 46cm), caminhar uma
distância de 3m, virar, caminhar de volta para a cadeira e sentar-se
novamente(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
). O teste tem sido amplamente utilizado na prática clínica como
medida de desfecho para avaliar a mobilidade funcional, o risco de quedas ou o
equilíbrio dinâmico em adultos e seus valores normativos já estão estabelecidos
nessa população(
33. Pondal M, del Ser T. Normative data and determinants for the
timed "up and go" test in a population-based sample of elderly individuals
without gait disturbances. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2008;31:57-63.
,
44. Bohannon RW. Reference values for the timed up and go test: a
descriptive meta-analysis. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2006;29:64-8.
). Vários estudos utilizaram o teste para avaliar o risco de quedas
em idosos(
55. Creel GL, Light KE, Thigpen MT. Concurrent and construct validity
of scores on the Timed Movement Battery. Phys Ther
2001;81:789-98.
6. Giné-Garriga M, Guerra M, Marí-Dell'Olmo M, Martin C, Unnithan
VB. Sensitivity of a modified version of the 'timed get up and go' test to
predict fall risk in the elderly: a pilot study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr
2009;49:e60-6.
7. Shumway-Cook A, Brauer S, Woollacott M. Predicting the
probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up
& Go Test. Phys Ther 2000;80:896-903.
-
88. Steffen TM, Hacker TA, Mollinger L. Age- and gender-related test
performance in community-dwelling elderly people: Six-Minute Walk Test, Berg
Balance Scale, Timed Up & Go Test, and gait speeds. Phys Ther
2002;82:128-37.
); outros avaliaram o equilíbrio e a mobilidade funcional em adultos
com limitações motoras, como paralisia cerebral (PC)(
99. Andersson C, Grooten W, Hellsten M, Kaping K, Mattsson E. Adults
with cerebral palsy: walking ability after progressive strength training. Dev
Med Child Neurol 2003;45:220-8.
), doença de Parkinson(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
,
1010. Morris S, Morris ME, Iansek R. Reliability of measurements
obtained with the Timed "Up & Go" test in people with
Parkinson disease. Phys Ther 2001;81:810-8.
), acidente vascular encefálico(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
,
1111. Flansbjer UB, Holmbäck AM, Downham D, Patten C, Lexell J.
Reliability of gait performance tests in men and women with hemiparesis after
stroke. J Rehabil Med 2005;37:75-82.
12. Ng SS, Hui-Chan CW. The timed up & go test: its reliability
and association with lower-limb impairments and locomotor capacities in people
with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:1641-7.
-
1313. Faria CD, Teixeira-Salmela LF, Nadeau S. Effects of the
direction of turning on the timed up & go test with stroke subjects. Top
Stroke Rehabil 2009;16:196-206.
), síndrome de Down (SD)(
1414. Carmeli E, Kessel S, Coleman R, Ayalon M. Effects of a treadmill
walking program on muscle strength and balance in elderly people with Down
syndrome. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002;57:M106-10.
), entre outras.
Em função de sua praticidade, o TUG começou a ser utilizado com crianças e
adolescentes que apresentam algum tipo de limitação motora e/ou déficit de
equilíbrio(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
16. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
-
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
). Para uma criança ou adolescente deambulador contar com
independência funcional, é necessário equilíbrio durante movimentos realizados
na postura sentada e bípede. As atividades que constituem o teste avaliam a
mobilidade funcional e o equilíbrio para passar de sentado para em pé, caminhar,
fazer a volta e sentar-se novamente.
Assim, considerando-se a praticidade do TUG para avaliar a mobilidade funcional, sua utilização crescente em Pediatria e a ausência de trabalhos teóricos revisando criticamente o uso do teste, este estudo avaliou, por meio de revisão da literatura, a utilização do TUG e seus principais aspectos metodológicos em crianças e adolescentes.
Fontes de Dados
O trabalho consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica. Realizou-se a seleção das referências por pesquisa eletrônica em julho de 2012, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, SciELO e Cochrane Library. Os termos em português e inglês "timed 'up and go'", "teste" ("test"), "equilíbrio" ("balance"), "criança" ("child") e "adolescente" ("adolescent") foram usados nas buscas. Para se obterem resultados mais específicos sobre o tema, utlilizaram-se os limites de busca em título/resumo, de 1990 a 2012. Todos os resumos identificados usando esses termos foram revisados e os que abordavam o tema proposto foram examinados integralmente. A lista de referências dos artigos selecionados também foi examinada, a fim de buscar outros artigos relevantes. Incluíram-se no estudo apenas os artigos que avaliaram ou utilizaram o TUG em crianças e adolescentes com delineamento observacional ou experimental. Os critérios de exclusão adotados foram os resumos de anais de eventos e os artigos com uso do TUG em adultos e idosos. Não se encontraram artigos de revisão ou relatos de caso sobre o tema.
Após a seleção dos estudos, conforme os critérios previamente descritos, efetuou-se uma leitura crítica, para sistematizar a aplicação do teste e os principais aspectos metodológicos envolvidos. Para tanto, definiram-se as seguintes categorias: características gerais dos estudos, populações avaliadas, metodologia para realização, interpretação dos resultados e associações do teste com outras medidas.
Síntese dos Dados
As estratégias de busca localizaram 56 referências. De acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão estabelecidos, a leitura dos títulos e dos resumos permitiu excluir 26 artigos. Dessa forma, 30 trabalhos foram revisados na íntegra e mais detalhadamente, excluindo-se três, por não se enquadrarem nos critérios. Selecionaram-se 27 artigos para esta revisão.
Características gerais dos estudos
Dos 27 estudos incluídos, 17 (63,0%) eram de corte transversal(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
16. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
17. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
18. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
19. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
20. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
21. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
22. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
24. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
25. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
28. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
29. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
30. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
-
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
) e 10 (37%) eram ensaios clínicos(
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
33. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
34. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
35. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
36. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
37. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
38. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
39. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
). Apenas um artigo tinha como objetivo primário a avaliação do
teste em crianças e adolescentes(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
). Quinze estudos incluíram o TUG como uma das medidas de
desfecho para seu objetivo primário de avaliação do equilíbrio
funcional(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
), da mobilidade funcional(19,25-27,29,31) ou da
categoria atividade(
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
), segundo a Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade,
Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF)(
4242. Organização Mundial da Saúde. Direcção-geral da Saúde. CIF:
Classificação in ternacional de funcionalidade, incapacidade e saúde. São Paulo:
Edusp; 2003.
). Do restante, nove usaram o TUG como medida de desfecho
secundária na avaliação de algum tipo de intervenção(
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
33. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
34. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
-
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
38. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
39. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
) e dois utilizaram-no para validação concorrente de outros
testes(
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
).
Populações avaliadas
Quanto à população estudada, foram analisadas crianças de diversas
nacionalidades com o TUG. A maioria dos estudos avaliou crianças e
adolescentes americanos(
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
2525. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
28. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
-
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
,
4040. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
), dois avaliaram australianos(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
), dois chineses(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
), cinco israelenses(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), três espanhóis(
3434. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
,
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
), um ingleses(
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
), um brasileiros(
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
) e dois paquistaneses(
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
). Os principais diagnósticos clínicos das amostras estudadas são
apresentados na Tabela 1, sendo PC o
mais frequente.
Até o presente momento, apenas um grupo de pesquisadores(
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
) avaliou o TUG especificamente em crianças e adolescentes com
desenvolvimento típico (DT), objetivando a descrição de parâmetros de
normalidade. Outro trabalho desenvolveu valores referenciais para o
instrumento Functional Mobility Assessment, que inclui o
TUG em uma de suas categorias(
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
). Contudo, diversos estudos incluíram uma população com essas
características, a fim de comparar crianças com patologias
específicas(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
17. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
18. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
-
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
22. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
2727. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
).
A maioria dos estudos com portadores de PC incluía crianças e adolescentes de
três a 19 anos(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
37. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
-
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
,
4040. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
). Por outro lado, os únicos estudos com crianças e adolescentes
com Síndrome de Down avaliaram quatro meninos de cinco anos, sete meninas de
oito a 14 anos(
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
) e dois indivíduos de seis a 21 anos(
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
). Indivíduos com desenvolvimento típico e avaliados pelo TUG
possuíam de três a 15 anos(16-20,22-24,27,29,30) e apenas três
estudos apresentavam amostras expressivas(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
). As crianças com PC avaliadas pelo teste apresentavam os
seguintes níveis do Gross Motor Function Classification
System (GMFCS)(
4343. Palisano RJ, Kolobe TH, Haley SM, Lowes LP, Jones SL. Validity
of the Peabody develop mental gross motor scale as an evaluative measure of
infants receiving physical therapy. Phys Ther 1995;75:939-48.
): I e II(
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
); I, II e III(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
,
4040. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
).
Avaliação da metodologia utilizada
Quanto aos equipamentos utilizados, a cadeira descrita para uso com o TUG
tinha encosto e não possuía braço de descanso(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), tinha encosto e possuía braço de descanso(
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
), não tinha encosto e não possuía braço de descanso(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
) ou não foi descrita na metodologia na maioria dos
estudos(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
24. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
25. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
28. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
-
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3434. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
35. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
36. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
-
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
). A altura da cadeira foi descrita como ajustável em alguns
estudos(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), foi selecionada com o indivíduo com os pés apoiados no chão e
respeitando a angulação de 90° de flexão de quadril e de joelho(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
16. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
-
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
) ou não foi descrita(
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
2525. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
-
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
,
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3434. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
,
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
38. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
39. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
). Um estudo utilizou um banco, não descrevendo ajustes para
altura(
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
). O artigo original dos autores do teste TUG preconizou o uso de
uma cadeira de braço padrão, com altura aproximada de 46cm(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
). O trabalho que descreveu mais detalhadamente a metodologia
usada para a aplicação do teste na população infantil foi o mesmo que tinha
como objetivo primário investigar o TUG em crianças e preconizou o uso de
uma cadeira com encosto, mas sem braço, e altura respeitando 90° de flexão
de joelho, mensurado com goniômetro(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
).
A maioria dos estudos manteve o percurso original do teste, de 3m(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
16. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
17. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
18. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
19. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
20. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
21. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
22. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
24. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
25. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
-
2626. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
33. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
-
3434. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
,
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
), sendo a cadeira posicionada a essa distância em relação a
diferentes pontos: uma parede(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
), uma linha no chão(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), uma marca no chão(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), um cone(
2727. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
) ou uma fita colocada no chão(
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
). Um estudo considerou a distância de 9m para o
percurso(
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
), outro utilizou como unidade de medida 10ft
(3,048m)(
2727. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
) e dois utilizaram, além do teste com 3m, outro com 10m,
descrevendo-os como TUG 3m e TUG 10m(
3434. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
). Quatro estudos não descreveram o percurso utilizado, embora
apresentassem referências bibliográficas para o teste(
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
,
4040. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
). O artigo que adaptou o teste para a Pediatria manteve a
distância de 3m(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
).
Algumas modificações foram realizadas no TUG para avaliar crianças e
adolescentes. O estudo que adaptou o teste para crianças propôs utilizar uma
tarefa concreta de encostar a mão em um alvo na parede(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
). Outras modificações do TUG original foram: instruções verbais
repetidas durante o teste(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
), demonstração das tarefas do teste(17,21,38) e um
ensaio não registrado para praticá-lo(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
). Instruções qualitativas de velocidade foram dadas em alguns
estudos(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
), como, por exemplo, "ande o mais rápido possível, mas permaneça
caminhando"(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
), ou "realize a tarefa o mais rápido possível"(
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
). Outros realizaram instruções não qualitativas(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), por exemplo, "criança instruída a caminhar na sua velocidade
ou ritmo preferido"(
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), ou "isto não é uma corrida, você deve caminhar
apenas"(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
). A maioria dos trabalhos não descreveu esse tipo de
instrução(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
,
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
22. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
24. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
25. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
28. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
-
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3434. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
35. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
36. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
-
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
).
A marcação do tempo com o cronômetro foi realizada quando a criança saiu e
chegou à cadeira(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
) ou a partir do "vai" até a criança se sentar(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), ou não foi descrita(
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
19. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
20. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
-
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
2525. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
-
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
31. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
32. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
33. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
34. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
-
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
38. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
39. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
). No estudo original do teste em idosos(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
), a marcação iniciou do comando "vai" até o indivíduo encostar
as costas novamente na cadeira, com o intuito de avaliar a cognição nos
participantes. Na adaptação do teste para crianças(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
), com o intuito de medir apenas o tempo do movimento, iniciou-se
o cronômetro quando a criança saiu da cadeira e parou quando sentou-se
novamente. Alguns estudos também relataram a forma como as crianças estavam
para realizar o teste: com tênis confortável(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), com órteses(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), ou com pés descalços(
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
); outros também relataram a possibilidade do uso de dispositivos
auxiliares para a marcha(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), como muletas(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
2525. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
) e andadores(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
).
Quanto ao número de ensaios no teste, realizaram-se três(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
16. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
-
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
), dois(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), um único ensaio(
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), ou não houve descrição(
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
,
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2525. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
-
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
,
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
34. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
-
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
). O valor considerado como resultado do teste foi: o melhor
valor (ou seja, o menor) de três ensaios(
1515. Gan SM, Tung LC, Tang YH, Wang CH. Psychometric properties of
functional balance assessment in children with cerebral palsy. Neurorehabil
Neural Repair 2008;22:745-53.
,
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
), o melhor valor de dois ensaios(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
,
2929. Zaino CA, Marchese VG, Westcott SL. Timed up and down stairs
test: preliminary reliability and validity of a new measure of functional
mobility. Pediatr Phys Ther 2004;16:90-8.
), a média de dois ensaios(
2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities
in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy
1999;11:73-82.
,
2222. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Balance abilities and
gait characteristics in post-traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy and
typically developed children. Dev Neurorehabil 2009;12:100-5.
23. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. Recreational physical
activities among children with a history of severe traumatic brain injury. Brain
Inj 2010;24:1561-7.
-
2424. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S.
Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with
post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
,
3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on
balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9.
,
3232. Cheng HY, Ju YY, Chen CL, Wong MK. Managing spastic hypertonia
in children with cerebral palsy via repetitive passive knee movements. J Rehabil
Med 2012;44:235-40.
,
3636. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Keren O, Meyer S. The effects of a
'home-based' task-oriented exercise programme on motor and balance performance
in children with spastic cerebral palsy and severe traumatic brain injury. Clin
Rehabil 2009;23:714-24.
), o único ensaio realizado(
3838. Salem Y, Godwin EM. Effects of task-oriented training on
mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehabilitation
2009;24:307-13.
), ou não houve descrição(
1616. Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Functional
balance tests for children with traumatic brain injury: within-session
reliability. Pediatr Phys Ther 2008;20:254-8.
,
1818. Calley A, Williams S, Reid S, Blair E, Valentine J, Girdler S. A
comparison of activity, participation and quality of life in children with and
without spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Disabil Rehabil
2012;34:1306-10.
,
1919. Gocha Marchese V, Chiarello LA, Lange BJ. Strength and
functional mobility in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Med Pediatr
Oncol 2003;40:230-2.
,
2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course
(SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for
children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30.
,
2525. Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An
examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood
survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
26. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS
et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of
life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity
sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
27. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the
functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower
extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7.
-
2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett
D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept
Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42.
,
3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et
al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment.
Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30.
,
3333. De Campos AC, da Costa CS, Rocha NA. Measuring changes in
functional mobility in children with mild cerebral palsy. Dev Neurorehabil
2011;14:140-4.
34. Del Valle MF, Pérez M, Santana-Sosa E, Fiuza-Luces C,
Bustamante-Ara N, Gallardo C et al Does resistance training improve the
functional capacity and well being of very young anorexic patients? A randomized
controlled trial. J Adolesc Health 2010;46:352-8.
-
3535. Fritz SL, Rivers ED, Merlo AM, Reed AD, Mathern GD, De Bode S.
Intensive mobility training postcerebral hemispherectomy: early surgery shows
best functional improvements. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med
2011;47:569-77.
,
3737. McNee AE, Gough M, Morrissey MC, Shortland AP. Increases in
muscle volume after plantarflexor strength training in children with spastic
cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009;51:429-35.
,
3939. San Juan AF, Fleck SJ, Chamorro-Viña C, Maté-Muñoz JL, Moral S,
García-Castro J et al. Early-phase adaptations to intrahospital training in
strength and functional mobility of children with leukemia. J Strength Cond Res
2007;21:173-7.
40. Wu YN, Hwang M, Ren Y, Gaebler-Spira D, Zhang LQ. Combined
passive stretching and active movement rehabilitation of lower-limb impairments
in children with cerebral palsy using a portable robot. Neurorehabil Neural
Repair 2011;25:378-85.
-
4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares
LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic
training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med
Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11.
). O artigo original em adultos(
11. Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed "Up &
Go": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am
Geriatr Soc 1991;39:142-8.
) referiu a utilização de um ensaio para familiarização e a
realização de outro com o tempo cronometrado; já o artigo adaptado à
Pediatra(
1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP.
Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol
2005;47:518-24.
) preconizou a realização de três ensaios, marcando o menor
escore atingido para crianças com desenvolvimento típico, e dois ensaios
marcando o menor escore atingido para PC e espinha bífida (EB).
Diferenças metodológicas na realização do teste são comuns na população adulta e infantil, o que dificulta a tentativa de se estabelecer uma medida universal. Um estudo em adultos avaliou se mudanças na metodologia do teste ou nas instruções dadas poderiam interferir nos resultados e concluiu que, nos idosos, tanto as instruções verbais como a metodologia afetam o resultado do teste. Em adultos jovens, as instruções, mas não os marcadores (linha no chão ou cone), afetam os resultados do TUG. Além disso, observou-se que a variabilidade dos resultados foi menor quando instruções sobre a velocidade foram dadas( 4444. Bergmann JH, Alexiou C, Smith IC. Procedural differences directly affect timed up and go times. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009;57:2168-9. ). Não há estudos que avaliaram a influência dessas alterações na população pediátrica. Sendo assim, pode-se sugerir que, para avaliar o TUG em crianças e adolescentes, utilizem-se as adaptações propostas para a Pediatria( 1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005;47:518-24. ), combinadas com instruções sobre a velocidade, como, por exemplo, "ande o mais rápido possível".
Interpretação dos resultados
A Tabela 1 mostra os estudos que avaliaram crianças e adolescentes e apresentaram média, desvio-padrão e/ou coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (ICC) para confiabilidades intra-sessão, inter-sessão (teste-reteste), intraexaminador e interexaminador. Nos artigos que apresentavam mensuração pré e pós-intervenção, considerou-se o escore pré-intervenção. O tempo de realização do TUG por crianças com desenvolvimento típico apresentou variação média de 3,21( 2727. Pierce S, Fergus A, Brady B, Wolff-Burke M. Examination of the functional mobility assessment tool for children and adolescents with lower extremity amputations. Pediatr Phys Ther 2011;23:171-7. ) a 6,7 segundos( 1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005;47:518-24. ). Crianças demonstraram melhora no equilíbrio com o aumento da idade, diminuindo a média do escore( 1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005;47:518-24. , 2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy 1999;11:73-82. , 3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9. ). Em um estudo, não houve diferença significativa entre os escores apresentados em crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino( 1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005;47:518-24. ); em outro, houve diferença significativa entre os escores, sendo que meninos tiveram melhor desempenho no TUG( 2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy 1999;11:73-82. , 3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9. ). Desses estudos, apenas um apresentou modelo de regressão linear múltipla e avaliou o efeito das variáveis antropométricas nos valores do TUG de indivíduos de cinco a 13 anos, sendo que os escores do teste foram influenciados pela idade (R2=0,18)( 3030. Habib Z, Westcott S. Assessment of anthropometric factors on balance tests in children. Pediatr Phys Ther 1998;10:101-9. ). Os demais apresentaram médias e desvios-padrão( 1717. Williams EN, Carroll SG, Reddihough DS, Phillips BA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 2005;47:518-24. , 2020. Habib Z, Westcott S, Valvano J. Assessment of balance abilities in Pakistani children: a cultural perspective. Pediatric Physical Therapy 1999;11:73-82. ) ou mediana e intervalos( 3131. Marchese VG, Oriel KN, Fry JA, Kovacs JL, Weaver RL, Reily MM et al Development of reference values for the Functional Mobility Assessment. Pediatr Phys Ther 2012;24:224-30. ) dos valores do TUG para crianças e adolescentes.
Já em crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico clínico específico, o tempo de realização do TUG apresentou variação média de 3,6( 4141. Santana Sosa E, Groeneveld IF, Gonzalez-Saiz L, López-Mojares LM, Villa-Asensi JR, Barrio Gonzalez MI et al. Intrahospital weight and aerobic training in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2012;44:2-11. ) a 50,3(15) segundos. Dos dois estudos que avaliaram crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down, um não foi incluído na Tabela 1, pois utilizou percurso de 9m( 2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42. ). Além disso, a média do TUG não foi apresentada nos seus resultados; apenas o ICC foi abaixo de 0,5 no grupo de meninas (n=7; oito a 14 anos) e de meninos (n=4; cinco anos)( 2828. Villamonte R, Vehrs PR, Feland JB, Johnson AW, Seeley MK, Eggett D. Reliability of 16 balance tests in individuals with Down syndrome. Percept Mot Skills 2010;111:530-42. ). O outro estudo de Síndrome de Down, que consta na Tabela 1, apresentou toda a amostra de indivíduos com deficiência no desenvolvimento( 2121. Held SL, Kott KM, Young BL. Standardized walking obstacle course (SWOC): reliability and validity of a new functional measurement tool for children. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:23-30. ).
Associações do teste com outras medidas
Vários estudos correlacionaram o teste TUG com outros instrumentos de avaliação, incluindo a função motora, a mobilidade funcional, a amplitude de movimento, a força muscular e a qualidade de vida. De maneira geral, essas correlações são específicas para determinados diagnósticos clínicos e variam de acordo com o instrumento estudado. Os principais resultados de associações do TUG com outras medidas são apresentados na Tabela 2.
Por outro lado, apenas um estudo com sobreviventes de sarcoma utilizou análises de regressão múltipla e simples para explicar o resultado do TUG por outras variáveis( 2626. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44. ). A variabilidade do teste pode ser explicada 5% pela amplitude de movimento (ADM) ativa de extensão de quadril, 5% por ADM passiva de extensão de joelho e 16% por ADM ativa de flexão de joelho. Além disso, os componentes mental e físico resumidos do questionário de qualidade de vida - The Short Form 36 Health Survey, version two (SF36v2) - foram preditores significativos para o tempo do TUG nessa população, explicando 26 (p=0,01) e 14% (p=0,01) do teste, respectivamente( 2626. Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44. ).
Considerações finais
Os resultados desta revisão demonstraram que ainda não existem equações de referência para o TUG em crianças e adolescentes com desenvolvimento típico, assim como dados da influência de possíveis variáveis preditoras para o teste na faixa etária de 13 a 18 anos. Em crianças e adolescentes com diagnósticos clínicos específicos, o coeficiente de confiabilidade intrassessão mostrou-se alto na maioria dos estudos, assim como a confiabilidade intra e interexaminador, caracterizando a boa reprodutibilidade do teste.
Assim, o TUG mostrou-se uma boa ferramenta para avaliar a mobilidade funcional nessa população e correlacionou-se com outros testes de equilíbrio, mobilidade funcional, função motora grossa, qualidade de vida, força muscular, ADM, capacidade funcional e nível de atividade física. Esta revisão pode auxiliar os terapeutas na avaliação da mobilidade funcional de crianças e adolescentes por meio do teste TUG. Futuros estudos para determinar valores normativos de crianças e adolescentes saudáveis são necessários para aprimorar a avaliação de indivíduos com diagnósticos clínicos específicos.
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-
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-
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-
24Katz-Leurer M, Rotem H, Lewitus H, Keren O, Meyer S. Relationship between balance abilities and gait characteristics in children with post-traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2008;22:153-9.
-
25Marchese VG, Ogle S, Womer RB, Dormans J, Ginsberg JP. An examination of outcome measures to assess functional mobility in childhood survivors of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:41-5.
-
26Marchese VG, Spearing E, Callaway L, Rai SN, Zhang L, Hinds PS et al. Relationships among range of motion, functional mobility, and quality of life in children and adolescents after limb-sparing surgery for lower-extremity sarcoma. Pediatr Phys Ther 2006;18:238-44.
-
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Datas de Publicação
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Publicação nesta coleção
Set 2013
Histórico
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Recebido
06 Ago 2012 -
Aceito
15 Jan 2013