Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and its associated factors among hospital and community populations in Lambayeque, Peru

Silva-Díaz, Heber; Arriaga-Deza, Emma V.; Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E.; Alarcón-Flores, Yessica R.; Rojas-Rojas, Sara Y.; Becerra-Gutiérrez, Lizzie K.; Mera-Villasis, Katya M.; Aguilar-Gamboa, Franklin R.; Silva-García, Teresa

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0164-2019

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Short Communication • Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 53 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0164-2019 copy

Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and its associated factors among hospital and community populations in Lambayeque, Peru

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with toxoplasmosis among pregnant women.

METHODS

We followed an analytical observational study. From July 2016 to June 2017, 218 pregnant women were selected. The infection was detected through serological dosage of anti-T.gondii Immunoglobulin(Ig) M and IgG antibodies.

RESULTS

The seroprevalence was 35.8%; the factors associated with infection were consumption of non-drinking water, residence in an urban area, and threatened abortion during the current pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONS

The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women is high. The risk factors are dependent on environmental determinants.

Keywords:
Toxoplasmosis; Pregnancy; Seroprevalence; Antibodies

	Community		Hospital		Total
Characteristic	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)*	28	(9)	24.7	(11)	25.5	(10)
Area or residence
Urban	96	100	0	0	96	44.1
Rural	7	5.74	115	94.26	122	55.9
Type of water used
Non-drinking	60	44.12	76	55.88	136	62.4
Drinking	43	52.44	39	47.56	82	37.69
Having household cats
Yes	27	36.99	46	63.01	73	33.5
No	76	52.41	69	47.59	145	66.5
Having household dogs
Yes	45	39.47	69	60.53	114	52.3
No	58	55.77	46	44.23	104	47.7
Consumption of raw vegetables
Yes	88	44.9	108	55.1	196	89.9
No	15	68.18	7	31.82	22	10.1
Gestational age
First trimester	17	29.31	41	70.69	58	26.6
Second trimester	32	47.76	35	52.24	67	30.8
Third trimester	54	58.06	39	41.94	93	42.6
Threatened abortion
Yes	16	59.26	11	40.74	27	12.38
No	53	33.76	104	66.24	157	72.02
Not mentioned	31	100	0	0	34	15.6
Threatened abortion
Yes	35	70	15	30	50	22.9
No	68	40.48	100	59.52	168	77.1
Preterm babies
Yes	3	14.29	18	15.65	21	9.63
No	65	40.12	97	59.88	162	74.31
Not mentioned	35	35	0	0	35	16.05
Urinary tract infection
Yes	14	66.67	7	33.33	21	9.63
No	125	63.45	72	36.54	191	90.4
Newborn with ocular anomalies
Yes	3	11.11	24	88.89	27	12.4
No	80	41.88	111	58.12	191	87.6

	Positive to toxoplasma⁺ (%)		Negative to toxoplasma (%)		Crude model	p-value
Characteristic	n	%	n	%	PR [95% CI]
Total	78 (35.8%)		140 (64.2%)
Age (years)*	27 [23-33]		27 [23-33]		1.02 [0.97 - 1.08]	0.328
Area of residence ^‡
Urban	38 (39.6)		58 (60.4)		1.2 [0.84 - 1.72]	0.298
Rural	40 (32.8)		82 (67.2)		1
Type of water used ^‡
Non-drinking	57 (41.9)		79 (58.1)		1.63 [1.07 -2.48]	0.015
Drinking	21 (25.6)		61 (74.4)		1
Having household cats ^‡
Yes	24 (32.9)		49 (67.1)		0.88 [0.59 -1.30]	0.525
No	54 (37.2)		91 (62.8)		1
Having household dogs ^‡
Yes	43 (37.7)		71 (62.3)		1.12 [0.78-1.6]	0.531
No	35 (33.7)		69 (66.3)		1
Consumption of raw vegetables ^‡
Yes	72 (36.7)		124 (63.3)		1.34 [0.66-2.73]	0.38
No	6 (27.3)		16 (72.7)		1
Gestational age ^‡
First trimester	20 (35.1)		37 (64.9)		1
Second trimester	26 (38.2)		41 (61.8)		1.06 [0.57 - 1.84]	0.919
Third trimester	32 (34.4)		61 (65.6)		0.95 [0.54 - 1.64]	0.856
Threatened abortion ^‡
Yes	13	17.11	63	82.89	1.43 [0.92 - 2.23]	0.136
No	14	10.7	125	89.93	1
History of abortion ^‡
Yes	15	30	35	70	0.8 [0.51 - 1.27]	0.331
No	63	37.5	105	62.5	1
Preterm babies ^‡
Yes	8	38.1	13	61.9	1.03 [0.45 -2.31]	0.948
No	70	35.5	92	64.5	1
Urinary tract infection ^‡
Yes	7	33.3	14	66.7	0.94 [0.49 - 1.79]	0.867
No	71	36	126	64	1
Newborn with ocular anomalies ^‡
Yes	11	40.7	16	59.3	1.23 [0.74 -2.04]	0.441
No	67	35.1	124	64.9	1

	Adjusted model*	P-value
	RPa [95% CI]
Area of residence
Urban	1.20 [1.13 - 1.30]	0.001
Rural	ref.
Type of water used
Non-drinking	1.80 [1.67 -1.94]	0.001
Drinking	Ref.
Having household cats
Yes	0.94 [0.82 -1.07]	0.354
No	Ref.
Threatened abortion
Yes	1.38 [1.12 - 1.71]	0.003
No	Ref.

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[1] Corresponding author: Dr. Virgilio E Failoc-Rojas. e-mail: virgiliofr@gmail.com