DESIGUALDADES E A NOVA DEMOCRACIA BRASILEIRA: A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDIMENTOS DO TRABALHO ENTRE CLASSES NAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS

Salata, André

doi:10.1590/2238-38752016v618

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ARTICLES • Sociol. Antropol. 6 (1) • Jan-Apr 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2238-38752016v618 copiar

DESIGUALDADES E A NOVA DEMOCRACIA BRASILEIRA: A DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDIMENTOS DO TRABALHO ENTRE CLASSES NAS ÚLTIMAS DÉCADAS

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Resumo

O elevado patamar das desigualdades de rendimentos tem, há muitas décadas, marcado a sociedade brasileira. No período de transição para a democracia, ainda na década de 1980, havia a expectativa de que o novo regime seria capaz de enfrentar as principais mazelas do país, a desigualdade sendo uma das principais delas. O presente artigo tem como objetivo verificar se houve redução das desigualdades de renda entre classes no Brasil entre os anos de 1995 e 2013, quando dois dos maiores e mais relevantes partidos políticos atuantes no país, o Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB) e o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), estiveram à frente do governo federal. Para tanto, serão utilizados dados da pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicílios (PNAD-IBGE) referentes ao período abordado.

Palavras-chave:
Desigualdades; Rendimentos; Classes; Democracia; Brasil

Socio-Occcupational Categories	Property	Skills/Qualifications	Labour Power
Owners/Employers	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.	^* * * Average	^—— * Few
Administrators and Managers	^* * * Average	^{* } ** * *** Many	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.
Professionals	^—— * Few	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.	^* * * Average
Routine Non-Manual Workers	^—— * Few	^{* } ** * *** Many	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.
Self-Employed Workers	^{* } ** * *** Many	^* * * Average	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.
Skilled Manual Workers	^—— * Few	^* * * Average	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.
Unskilled Manual Workers	^—— * Few	^—— * Few	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.
Rural Employers	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.	^—— * Few	^—— * Few
Rural Workers	^—— * Few	^—— * Few	^{* * *} Source: Author’s own elaboration.

Aggregated Categories	Original categories
1- Professionals	Professionals Liberal Professionals
2- Administrators and Managers	High-level directors and administrators Employees in administrative posts
3- Owners/Employers	Owners/employers in industry, commerce and services
4- Routine Non-Manual Workers	Routine non-manual and office work Technicans, artists and supervisors of manual work
5- Self-Employed Workers	Self-employed (no employees)
6- Skilled Manual Workers	Manual workers in modern industries Manual workers in service industries
7- Unskilled Manual Workers	Manual workers in traditional industries Domestic workers

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Largo do São Francisco de Paula, 1, sala 420, cep: 20051-070 - 2224-8965 ramal 215 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: revistappgsa@gmail.com

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[1] André Salata is Professor of Sociology of the Graduate Program in Social Sciences at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Holding a PhD in Sociology from the Graduate Program in Sociology and Anthropology at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (PPGSA-UFRJ), his researches focus on social stratification and inequalities, working primary with quantitative methodologies. Author of Quem é classe média no Brasil? Um estudo sobre identidades de classe (2015); The formation of the middle class in Brazil: history and prospects, co-authored with Celi Scalon (2013); and Desigualdades digitais: acesso e uso da Internet, posição social e segmentação espacial nas metrópoles brasileiras, co-authored with Luiz Cesar de Queiroz Ribeiro and Lygia G. Costa (2013).