USABILITY EVALUATION OF THE SAÚDEKIDS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING CHILDREN'S HEALTH IN PRIMARY HEALTH CAREABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the usability of the SaúdeKids application for monitoring children's health from the perspective of health and information technology specialists and Primary Health Care nurses.
Method: Quantitative research. Data collection took place between April and July 2024 and was carried out in two stages: in the first stage, 8 experts participated: 4 from the health field and 4 from information technology. The second stage consisted of 9 nurses from the Family Health Strategy (FHS). To do this, participants downloaded the application to their cell phones and answered the usability evaluation instrument (System Usability Scale) in an online format, which has its own methodology for measuring results. All participants signed the Free and Informed Consent Form.
Results: Experts in the health and information technology fields rated the application with an average score of 82.18, and the 9 nurses working in patient care gave it 76.0 points, indicating an excellent rating for its patent and for use in health services. The application demonstrated high usability (average of 78.97 points), indicating an excellent usability rating.
Conclusion: The implementation of the app can strengthen the practice of childcare, bringing a more integrated and collaborative approach to health management.
DESCRIPTORS:
Child; Primary Health Care; Mobile applications; Brazilian Public Health System; Digital Health
RESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a usabilidade do aplicativo SaúdeKids para acompanhamento da saúde infantil na perspectiva de especialistas da área da saúde e da tecnologia da informação e dos enfermeiros da APS.
Método: Pesquisa quantitativa. A coleta de dados aconteceu entre os meses de abril e julho de 2024 e foi realizada em duas etapas: a primeira, participaram 8 especialistas: 4 da área da saúde e 4 da tecnologia da informação. A segunda etapa foi composta por 9 enfermeiros da ESF. Para tal, os participantes baixaram o aplicativo em seus celulares e responderam ao instrumento de avaliação da usabilidade (System Usability Scale) de forma on-line, que possui metodologia própria para aferição dos resultados. Todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido.
Resultados: Os especialistas da área da saúde e da tecnologia da informação avaliaram o aplicativo com média 82,18, e os 09 enfermeiros atuantes na assistência com 76,0 pontos, indicando um valor de excelência para sua patente e para uso nos serviços de saúde. O aplicativo apresentou alta usabilidade (média de 78,97 pontos) indicando um excelente índice na usabilidade.
Conclusão: A implementação do aplicativo pode fortalecer a prática da puericultura, trazendo uma abordagem mais integrada e colaborativa na gestão em saúde.
DESCRITORES:
Criança; Atenção Primária à saúde; Aplicativos móveis; Sistema Único de Saúde; Saúde Digital
RESUMEN
Objetivo: Evaluar la usabilidad de la aplicación SaúdeKids para el seguimiento de la salud infantil desde la perspectiva de expertos en salud y tecnologías de la información, así como de enfermeros de atención primaria.
Método: Investigación cuantitativa. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre abril y julio de 2024 y se llevó a cabo en dos etapas: en la primera etapa participaron 8 expertos: 4 del ámbito de la salud y 4 de las tecnologías de la información. La segunda fase contó con la participación de 9 enfermeros de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF). Para ello, los participantes descargaron la aplicación en sus teléfonos móviles y respondieron al instrumento de evaluación de usabilidad (System Usability Scale) en formato online, que tiene su propia metodología para medir los resultados. Todos los participantes firmaron el formulario de consentimiento informado.
Resultados: Los expertos en los campos de la salud y la tecnología de la información calificaron la aplicación con una puntuación media de 82,18, y los 9 enfermeros que trabajan en la atención al paciente le otorgaron 76,0 puntos, lo que indica una excelente valoración para su patente y para su uso en los servicios de salud. La aplicación demostró una alta usabilidad (un promedio de 78,97 puntos), lo que indica una excelente calificación de usabilidad.
Conclusión: La implementación de la aplicación puede fortalecer la práctica del cuidado infantil, aportando un enfoque más integrado y colaborativo a la gestión de la salud.
DESCRIPTORES:
Niño; Atención primaria de salud; Aplicaciones móviles; Sistema Público Brasileño de Salud; Salud digital
INTRODUCTION
The fourth Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for 2015 was to reduce the child mortality rate. Brazil achieved this goal, showing a decrease of 77%, one of the largest in the world. However, the country has been facing other obstacles, such as the identification of new infectious agents, the resurgence of diseases, childhood obesity, and an increase in deaths from external causes (accidents and violence)1.
The National Policy for Comprehensive Child Health Care (PNAISC) aims to promote and protect child health and breastfeeding through comprehensive and integrated care, encompassing care actions within a structured network, from prenatal care to follow-up in the Family Health Strategy (FHS), with an emphasis on early childhood1,2.
The Ministry of Health (MS) recommends that at least nine well-child visits be carried out in Primary Health Care (PHC) for children aged zero to two years. Childcare encompasses a set of preventive measures and care, such as monitoring child growth and development, capable of effectively reducing infant morbidity and mortality3. The tool for recording the information is the Child's Booklet (CC)4.
Considered a passport to childhood citizenship, the CC is extremely important and serves as a powerful tool for monitoring child growth and development and for dialogue between professionals on the multidisciplinary team and family members, due to the wealth of information and guidance essential for health care and surveillance4.
Despite its relevance, a study conducted with 40 professionals on completing the CC showed that 59.3% had not received training on its use, 47% do not have the habit of completing the instrument, and 90.6% reported needing training to use it5. Another study showed that 54.5% of the evaluated booklets did not have records in the item monitoring of the development of children under one year old, and 90% did not have records for children aged one to three years6.
However, the lack of adherence to a tool for monitoring children's health is not unique to Brazil. In Ghana, only 27% of children's medical records were fully completed in child follow-up clinics7. In Kenya, the results of child development monitoring are also worrying. Of the 78 instruments evaluated, none contained records of developmental milestones8.
The use of record-keeping instruments has implications that extend beyond individual child healthcare, as they are considered strategic tools for health information policies9. Therefore, failure to complete this information can compromise the comprehensiveness of care, lead to the loss of relevant information for child health surveillance, and hinder the work process of professionals working in Primary Health Care.
Therefore, the proper management of CC, with accurate and complete information recording by all those involved in the child's care, is fundamental for this tool to effectively fulfill its role in communication, education, surveillance, and promotion of child health4.
Given this context, strategies should be created to increase the adoption of CC by professionals and users, such as a digital application using information and communication technology (ICT), with the aim of improving the professionals’ work process during care of children's health in the FHS.
The healthcare work process should prioritize hands-on work, performed at the moment of care and guided by the use of health technologies, assisting in the establishment of care strategies that involve the different subjects of care: workers, managers, and users10. In children's health, the use of apps by healthcare professionals can be effective, as they are considered to induce positive effects and have good acceptance, automation of results, and incorporation of playful elements into specific themes11.
In this context, an application for monitoring children's health, called SaúdeKids, was developed for smartphones with the Android operating system, with an access profile for healthcare professionals who monitor children's health in PHC. SaúdeKids has an area for healthcare professionals to record well-child visits, including neonatal screening results, monitoring of child growth and development, nutrition, vaccination, automatic filling of weight, body mass index (BMI), head circumference and height/length charts, as well as the possibility of scheduling appointments and vaccinations. It is an innovative technological tool for monitoring children's health, with the potential to transform care in terms of quick and reliable access to information, as well as security in obtaining data, preventing losses. Furthermore, this measure aims to guarantee the improvement of the work process in the FHS and the strengthening of the cross-cutting nature of work management in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS).
Therefore, evaluating the usability of SaúdeKids becomes crucial, as it is one of the main factors in the successful implementation of applications in the healthcare field. Usability evaluation is conducted as a way to ensure that health technologies are properly designed and targeted to the needs of end users12.
Therefore, the following guiding question was raised: what is the usability assessment of SaúdeKids by experts in the fields of health, information technology, and by PHC nurses? Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the usability of the SaúdeKids application in children's health and in the PHC professionals’ work process.
METHOD
Quantitative research aimed at evaluating the usability of the SaúdeKids application. Experts in the fields of health and information technology were invited, as well as nurses from the FHS who participated in training on the use of the Child's Health Record, conducted in the research entitled “Developmental surveillance in the child's health record: effect of an intervention with nurses”.
The SaúdeKids application was developed using various tools and languages such as figma - an application prototyping system; Python and Django REST for the Backend; JavaScript and React Native for the frontend; PostgreSQL and Postman for the database; and Digital Ocean for the cloud storage service. Currently, the application has 95 screens (excluding repetitions) and its file can be shared via WhatsApp for download.
The selection of participants took place in two stages, the first being to choose specialists in the areas of health and information technology, and the second, to select nurses from the FHS.
The selection of experts aimed to bring together a number of professionals with experience in the field of child health and in the field of information technology, to allow qualified and in-depth evaluation of the application. The following inclusion criteria were adopted: 1) being a nurse, holding a qualification in the area of child health (specialization and/or master's degree) and/or proof of academic and/or clinical experience with children for a minimum of two years; 2) for the Information Technology area: experience in the field with, at least, two years of experience. Participants who did not have a smartphone with an Android operating system were excluded.
Regarding the sample, Pasquali13 suggests that it should consist of a maximum of twenty and a minimum of three participants in each group of selected experts. In this study, the minimum number stipulated was four specialists in each area, and the selection was made through research on the Lattes platform website and the LinkedIn® Brasil digital platform. An invitation was sent out to 35 experts outlining the research objective, application features, and a ten-day deadline for acceptance. Of these, eight participated in the app evaluation, four from the health field (nurses) and four from the information technology field. After accepting, they were asked to sign the Free Informed Consent Form (FICF) which was developed on the platform of Google Forms.
Regarding the participation of nurses from the FHS, 24 professionals working in the Family Health Units (USF) of Sanitary District III (DS) of João Pessoa-PB were invited. This district has 37 units, six of which are integrated, having more than one team in the same physical space, and 31 units with only one team, thus totaling 53 family health teams14.
The selection of these nurses considered their prior participation in training on the use of CC by members of the Study Group on Child Health in Primary Health Care (GESCAAP) at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB).
The following were considered eligible: To be a nurse on a Family Health Team in DS III, having participated in training on the use of the Child's Health Record; having a smartphone with an Android operating system and internet access; and having participated in training on the SaúdeKids app. Professionals who were on any type of leave or vacation during the data collection period were excluded.
Of the 24 nurses from the FHS invited, 16 attended the training for the use of the SaúdeKids app, which took place in person in April 2024 at the DS III headquarters. Of these participants, nine tested the application and completed the research after conducting usability tests. Of the seven professionals who did not complete the research, one went on medical leave, one was on vacation, and the others preferred not to continue with the research. All participants who completed the study signed the FICF in two copies.
For data collection, participants (specialists and nurses from the FHS) were asked to download the application to their cell phones and use it to subsequently answer the data collection instrument. For the usability evaluation, the System Usability Scale was used.
The System Usability Scale is a method validated in Brazil by Tenório et al.15, which aims to evaluate the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of systems. This scale was chosen because it has already been applied in evaluations of mobile applications in the field of Nursing16.
The first part of the instrument contained questions for the respondents’ sociodemographic characterization. Among the variables that made up the form were: identification data (gender, age), academic degree, years of professional experience, and area of expertise.
The second part of the form included the System Usability Scale, consisting of 10 closed-ended questions for primary health care nurses: whether they would like to use this application frequently; whether they considered the system more complex than necessary; whether they considered the system easy to use; whether they felt they would need technical support to use the system; whether they considered the various functionalities of the system well integrated; whether they assumed most people would learn to use the system quickly; whether the system is too complicated to use; whether they felt confident using the system; and whether they needed to learn a number of things before they could use the system.
The responses were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale, distributed in the following proportion of values: I fully agree (5 points); I agree (4 points); I neither agree nor disagree (3 points); I disagree (2 points); and I strongly disagree (1 point).
For the analysis of the results obtained, the System Usability Scale has its own methodology that determines the following rules17:
1- For odd-numbered questions (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9), the value “1” was subtracted from the score assigned by the evaluator;
2- For even-numbered questions (2, 4, 6, and 8), the value “5” was subtracted; that is, if the evaluator assigned a grade of 4, the subtraction 5-4= 1 was performed, and the value “1” was considered.
3- The values resulting from the subtraction operations must be added together, and to obtain the final average, the resulting value is multiplied by 2.5.
The final score on the scale can range from 0 to 100 points. Technological tools evaluated through the System Usability Scale questionnaire are classified as follows: 0 to 25 points - worst achievable; 26 to 39 - poor; 40 to 52 - acceptable; 53 to 74 - good; 75 to 85 - excellent; and 86 to 100 - best achievable18.
The evaluation forms were completed between April and July 2024, involving the eight specialists and nine nurses from the FHS. After applying the data collection instrument, the responses were calculated following the recommended methodology, and the results were tabulated and analyzed through discussion with the literature relevant to the topic.
It is worth noting that no Artificial Intelligence tools were used in the preparation of this article and that the research complied with CNS Resolution No. 466/12 of the Ministry of Health, which regulates the conduct of research involving human beings. The study was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences Center at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, and all participants signed the FICF. The results of this study are the product of a doctoral dissertation entitled “SaúdeKids: evaluation of an application for monitoring children's health.”
RESULTS
The study comprised 17 (100%) participants, of whom 4 (23.5%) are information technology specialists, 4 (23.5%) are health specialists, and 9 (53%) are FHS nurses. Among the characteristics of the IT specialists, all participants were men, with an average age of 37, and worked as systems analysts. Of the 4 participants, 2 (50%) have a bachelor's degree, 1 (25%) is a specialist, and 1 (25%) has a doctorate degree. Regarding the health professionals, 4 (100%) were women with an average age of 39 years. All are nurses with Graduate degrees, 2 with master's degrees (50%) and 2 with doctorate degree (50%), and all have experience in the field of child health.
Regarding the nurses in the FHS, all were women, with an average age of 50 years; 6 (66%) hold a specialist title, 1 (11%) has a doctorate degree, and 2 (22%) do not have Graduate degrees. The average professional experience was 21 years, and all work in the FHS of DS III in the municipality of João Pessoa.
Regarding usability assessment using the System Usability Scale, averages between 40 and 52 are considered acceptable, 53 to 74 are rated as good, 75 to 85 as a standard of excellence, and 86 to 100 as the best achievable18. According to the assessment of experts in the fields of health and information technology, SaúdeKids obtained an average score of 82.18, classified as excellent (Table 1). It can be seen in the evaluations by health experts that the average score was 86.25, indicating that the application is classified as “best achievable” by the user.
Evaluation of the usability of the SaúdeKids app by experts in the health field (Health Specialist) and information technology (IT Specialist). João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, 2024. (n=8).
Table 2 shows the usability evaluation carried out by the FHS nurses, which obtained an average of 76.0 points, indicating a value of excellence.
Evaluation of the usability of the SaúdeKids app by Nurses from the Family Health Strategy. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, 2024. (n=9).
Regarding the overall average usability score, that is, the sum of the average scores of all study participants (n=17), the application achieved a value of 78.97, presenting an “excellent” usability rating (Table 3), demonstrating the application's potential for use by professionals. The questions receiving the lowest scores address the complexity of the system and the need for technical support to use the system.
Final note on the usability of the SaúdeKids app by Health Specialists*, Information Technology Specialists and Family Health Strategy Nurses. João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, 2024. (n=17).
DISCUSSION
The study showed that the adoption of digital technologies in healthcare can generate important contributions to knowledge generation and optimize service organization processes, promoting quality care by using validated tools to guide healthcare practices. The high usability of the SaúdeKids app makes it functional and effective for promoting the monitoring of children's health in PHC, considering the different Brazilian scenarios. Health apps have played a crucial role in meeting the population’s health needs, having the potential to significantly improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare19.
In Brazil, the integration of new technologies in healthcare is so evident that in 2020, at the ordinary meeting of the Tripartite Inter-managerial Commission (CIT), a document entitled “Digital Health Strategy for Brazil 2020-2028 (ESD28)” was agreed upon and published by Ordinance GM/MS No. 3,632 of December 2020. Among the priorities is the computerization of all three levels of healthcare, with the implementation of policies for computerizing health systems, accelerating the adoption of electronic health records and hospital management as an integral part of healthcare services and processes20.
The overall usability assessment of the SaúdeKids app revealed the app's technological excellence and the innovative role of the system. This finding corroborates the results of studies using the System Usability Scale for evaluating health applications, which obtained average scores of 73.3, 87.3, and 83, respectively17-23, highlighting the tool's potential.
Conversely, when observing the usability evaluation of SaúdeKids, carried out by isolated groups of participants, it is noticeable that the scores assigned by information technology and health specialists obtained higher scores, reaching an average of 78.12 and 86.25, respectively. These values represent the classifications of “excellent” and “best achievable,” with the latter being the highest classification of the System Usability Scale.
However, the usability evaluation carried out by the FHS nurses showed a median score, classifying the application as “excellent”. The findings reveal discrepancies that warrant attention, due to the presence of extreme scores and greater variation in scores. One of the reasons for this difference in scores, even in a sample that shares the same professional setting, is the variation in the participants’ age range, which was between 36 and 62 years old. This age diversity may reflect prior experience with the use of technology and impact how each participant evaluates the usability of the application, since it is an individual perception influenced by background and personal preferences.
A study conducted in an inland city of São Paulo, on the usability of the ConectAPS-CRIE platform in the management of special immunobiologicals in primary health care by nursing professionals, indicated that professionals who presented lower scores had difficulty handling the application and needed technical assistance to learn how to use it. Furthermore, the results indicated that to sustain usability over time, it is important to consider the routines of healthcare professionals in different contexts24.
Corroborating this finding, research conducted with 682 older people in Canada revealed that only 20% of those interviewed had downloaded digital applications25. This data reflects the reality that older people are less likely to take advantage of technology to connect more effectively. Furthermore, the lack of training makes it difficult to overcome obstacles, which prevents the discovery of new experiences in the use of technology26.
In the meantime, the use of SaúdeKids as a tool for monitoring children's health can improve the management and work processes of primary healthcare professionals, since the application can facilitate the identification of health problems and provides quick access to information, assisting professionals in decision-making.
Against this background, evidence from research on the use of applications in health promotion corroborates the potential for developing digital technologies aimed at addressing health problems, as well as strengthening and expanding public health strategies, such as the National Immunization Program (PNI)27-28.
In this context, the Ministry of Health launched, in 2025, the digital version of the Child's Health Record in the application Meu SUS Digital with the aim of expanding access for parents and guardians to children's health information. The tool integrates the digital transformation movement in the SUS, allowing access to important records, such as vaccination data, health information, and guidelines related to childcare. The digital version emerges as a complement to the printed booklet, facilitating access to information and strengthening communication between users and health services29.
In this sense, the SaúdeKids app differs from the functionality of the Child's Booklet available on “Meu SUS Digital” mainly in terms of its intended use and the functionalities focused on the child's clinical monitoring. While the Child's Health Record Booklet is primarily intended to provide parents and guardians with access to health information recorded in the SUS, SaúdeKids was developed as a tool to support the work process in Primary Health Care, allowing for the structured recording of well-child visits, anthropometric data, monitoring of child growth and development, and control of the vaccination schedule, expanding communication between health professionals and families and enhancing the longitudinal monitoring of the child's health.
The uniqueness of this study lies in the evaluation of usability through the System Usability Scale, a widely validated instrument for measuring the usability of applications. This is a reliable and robust tool that offers high methodological viability for evaluating user experience and achieving the objectives set out in a given application.
Similar to the Brazilian situation, the English healthcare system developed a health app called National Health Service App (NHS App), which provides resources related to children's health, including vaccine registration and scheduling of medical appointments30. However, it does not cover all the items needed to monitor child growth and development.
Research conducted in Australia to evaluate the application called My Health Record (MyHR), which allows users to include their child's health data such as vaccinations and medical records, indicated that users feel secure using the app because it shares access to health information across various aspects of care30.
Supporting the guidelines of the PNAISC, which points to the monitoring of child growth and development as an essential component to guarantee comprehensive child care1, the implementation of the app in the FHS can change the way health professionals, family members, and caregivers interact during this follow-up.
Therefore, the use of technology in healthcare can provide greater practicality in the work process, as well as allowing for effective monitoring for professionals and caregivers, systematically recording the child's information and providing guidance and evaluation parameters that are not currently accessible, such as in the cases of premature infants, those with chronic diseases, and/or rare diseases.
In this sense, the development of the application and the results presented in this research can make an innovative contribution to specific child monitoring. The SaúdeKids application is not integrated with municipal or national information systems. However, if it is in the government's interest, this integration is feasible.
These technological tools enable the provision of alternatives to address operational weaknesses and facilitate the agile use of health information, with an emphasis on epidemiological surveillance of child growth and development30. Thus, the professional's time can be optimized, facilitating access to information and bringing improvements to their work process.
In short, integrating technology into the work process of professionals for monitoring children's health can strengthen the practice of child health care in the FHS, bringing a more integrated and collaborative approach to health management.
One limitation of the study is the fact that the application was initially developed only for smartphones with the Android operating system, which restricted the participation of experts who did not have this type of device. Furthermore, the tool operation depends on an internet connection, which may limit its use in contexts with restricted or unstable network access.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that the application usability achieved a score classified as excellent, indicating a potential strategic advancement in the use of health technologies to strengthen the work process in the FHS. It should be noted that the SaúdeKids application is innovative and aligns with the digital transformation process in the SUS.
Based on the results presented, it is expected that managers of municipal health departments will be motivated to invest in integrating the application with existing electronic medical record systems, with a view to strengthening the Family Health Strategy, improving the monitoring of child health indicators in Brazil, and reducing infant morbidity and mortality.
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NOTES
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ORIGIN OF THE ARTICLE
Extracted from the dissertation - SAÚDEKIDS: Review of an app for monitoring children's health, presented to the Graduate Program in Nursing at the Universidade Federal da Paraíba in 2024.
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APPROVAL OF ETHICS COMMITTEE IN RESEARCH
Approved by the Ethics Committee in Research Health Science Center of Universidade Federal do Piauí, opinion no. 5,960,404, Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Review 66836423.7.0000.5188.
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TRANSLATED BY
Denise Costa Rodrigues.
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DATA AVAILABILITY
Data not available.
Edited by
Data not available.
