Use of word processing software
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts.
To avoid errors you are strongly advised to use the ‘spell-check’ and ‘grammar-check’ functions of your word processor.
Article structure
There are no strict formatting requirements, but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, References, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
Divide the article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ‘the text’. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be re- produced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference. Only relevant modifications should be described.
Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the back- ground to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
Results
Results should be clear and concise.
Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. This also applies to tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential title page information
Title. Concise, informative, and interesting. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript number immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, publication, and post-publication. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ‘Present address’ (or ‘Permanent address’) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of ’). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be de- fined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, there- fore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.), as well as institutions and funding agencies.
Units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Electronic artwork
General points
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Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
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Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
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Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
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Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
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For Word submissions only, you may provide figures, their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
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EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as ‘graphics’.
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TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (half- tones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
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TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a mini- mum of 1000 dpi.
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TIFF (or JPG): Combined bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale) images: a minimum of 500 dpi is required. Please do not:
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Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
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Supply files that are too low in resolution.
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Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format — TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files — and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures, the- se will appear in color online.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself ) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations to a minimum, but be sure to explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be spa- ring in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules.
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished results’ or ‘Personal communication’. Citation of a reference as ‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further in- formation, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
Reference formatting
There are no strict requirements on reference format- ting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, name(s) of author(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by SCIELO at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct.
Reference style
All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. In the text refer to the author’s name (without initials) and year of publication (e.g. “Since Almeida (1986) has shown that...” or “This is in agreement with results obtained later (Trompette 1994; Heilbron and Machado 2003).”
For three or more authors use the first author followed by “et al.”, in the text. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors’ names. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of authors’ names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.
References should be given in the following form:
Papers in scientific journals
Almeida F.F.M. 1986. Distribuição regional e relações tectônicas do magmatismo pós-paleozóico no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 16:325-349.
Costa I.P., Bueno G.V., Milhomem P.S., Silva H.S.R.L., Kosin M.D. 2007. Sub-bacia de Tucano Norte e Bacia de Jatobá. Boletim de Geociências da Petrobras, 15:445-453.
Escayola M.P., Pimentel M.M., Armstrong R. 2007. Neoproterozoic backarc basin: sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe U-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic evidence from the eastern Pampean Ranges, Argentina. Geology, 35:495-498.
Heilbron, M. and Machado, N. 2003, Timing of terrane accretion in the Neoproterozoic-Eopaleozoic Ribeira orogen (SE Brazil). Precambrian Research, 125:87-112.
Books and book chapters
Bedell R., Crósta A.P., Grunsky E. (eds.). 2009. Remote Sensing and Spectral Geology. Littleton, Society of Economic Geologists, 270 p.
Kaufman A.J., Sial A.N., Frimmel H.E., Misi A. 2009. Neoproterozoic to Cambrian palaeoclimatic events in southwestern Gondwana In: Gaucher C., Sial A.N., Frimmel H.E., Helverson G.P. (eds.). Neoproterozoic- Cambrian tectonics, global change and evolution: a focus on southwestern Gondwana. Developments in Precambrian Geology, 16, Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 369-388.
Pankhurst R.J. & Rapela C.W. (eds.). 1998. The Proto- Andean margin of Gondwana. London, Geological Society of London Special Publication, 142, 382 p.
Trompette R. 1994. Geology of western Gondwana (2000–500 Ma). Rotterdam, Balkema, 350 p.
Papers in scientific meetings
Astini R., Ramos V.A., Benedetto J.L., Vaccari N.E., Cañas F.L. 1996. La Precordillera: un terreno exótico a Gondwana. In: 13°Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3° Congreso Exploración de Hidrocarburos. Buenos Aires, Actas, v. 5, p. 293-324.
Leite-Junior W.B, Bettencourt J.S., Payolla B.L. 2003. Evidence for multiple sources inferred from Sr and Nd isotopic data from felsic rocks in the Santa Clara Intrusive Suite, Rondonia, Brazil. In: SSAGI, South American Symposium on Isotope Geology. Salvador, Short Papers, p. 583-585.
Milani E.J. & Thomaz-Filho A. 2000. Sedimentary basins of South América. In: Cordani U.G., Milani E.J., Thomaz- Filho A., Campos D.A. (eds.). Tectonic evolution of South America. 31st International Geological Congress. Rio de Janeiro, p. 389-452.
Thesis and dissertations
Paes V.J.C. 1999. Geologia da quadrícula Alvarenga, MG, e a geoquímica: implicações geotectônicas e metalogenéticas. MS Dissertation, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 144 p.
Ávila C.A. 2000. Geologia, petrografia e geocronologia de corpos plutônicos paleoproterozóicos da borda meridional do Cráton São Francisco, região de São João Del Rei, Minas Gerais. PhD Thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 401 p.
Printed maps
Inda H.A.V. & Barbosa J.F. 1978. Mapa geológico do Estado da Bahia, escala 1:1.000.000. Salvador, Secretaria das Minas e Energia, Coordenação da Produção Mineral. Mascarenhas J.F. & Garcia T.M. 1989. Mapa geocronológico do Estado da Bahia, escala 1:1.000.000. Texto explicativo. Salvador, Secretaria das Minas e Energia, Coordenação da Produção Mineral, 186 p.
Schobbenhaus C. (coord.). 1975. Carta Geológica do Brasil ao Milionésimo – Folha Goiás (SD 22). Texto explicativo. Brasília, Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral, 114 p.
Internal reports
Internal reports will not be accepted, unless of open access for the scientific community and authorized by ad hoc consultants.
Submission checklist
The following list will be useful during the final checking of an article prior to sending it to the journal for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
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E-mail address
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Full postal address
All necessary files have been uploaded, and contain:
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Keywords
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All figure captions
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All tables (including title, description, footnotes)
Further considerations:
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Manuscript has been ‘spell-checked’ and ‘grammar-checked’.
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All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa.
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Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet).
Rapid communications
Rapid communications are limited to 2000 words, including references. Summary and abstract are limited to 100 words. At the discretion of the editors, these communications may be scheduled for the first available edition.
Articles with accelerated review process
An accelerated review process may be requested for complete original studies, for which urgency of publication is adequately justified. At the discretion of the editors, these can be programmed for the first available edition. They must follow the same format described for original articles.
Editorials
Editorials should cover some aspect of the broad spectrum of the Geological Sciences. They will be authored by the editors of BJG, by people linked to the Brazilian Geological Society or by industry personalities. These documents will not be submitted to peer review and will be published at the discretion of the editors.
Review articles
Review articles should cover relevant topics of Geology. These articles may be requested by the editors, but recognized experts may spontaneously submit review articles in their field of expertise. In this case, potential authors should contact the editors to ascertain their interest prior to submitting the article
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