The Brazilian Journal of Geology (BJGEO) is an open-access, publication (continuous publication of articles) of the Brazilian Geological Society (SBG).  It has been edited since 1971 and replaced the former SBG Bulletin, published since 1952.

The BJGEO provides an international medium for publishing original scientific work of broad interest concerning all aspects of the earth sciences in Brazil, South America, and Antarctica, including oceanic regions adjacent to these regions.

Impact Factor: 0.9 (2024), 1.3 (2023), 1.4 (2022), 2.253 (2021), 1.259 (2020) - Clarivate
Cite Score: 2.3 (2024), 3.2 (2023), 3.0 (2022), 3.1 (2021), 2.0 (2020) - Scopus 

This journal follows the Open Access model, allowing unrestricted virtual access (including financial restrictions) to all scientific texts published by the journal.

Open access is the condition under which the copyright holder of an academic work grants usage rights to third parties using an open license (Creative Commons Attribution, CC-BY), allowing immediate free access to the work and authorizing any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

The Brazilian Journal of Geology (BJGEO) is a quarterly journal published by the Brazilian Geological Society (Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia - SBG) with an electronic open-access version that provides an international medium for the publication of original scientific work of broad interest concerned with all aspects of the Earth sciences in Brazil, South America, and Antarctica, including adjacent oceanic regions. The BJGEO publishes papers with a regional appeal and more than local significance in the fields of mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, palaeontology, sedimentology, stratigraphy, structural geology, tectonics, neotectonics, geophysics applied to geology, volcanology, metallogeny and mineral deposits, marine geology, glaciology, palaeoclimatology, geochronology, biostratigraphy, engineering geology, hydrogeology, geological hazards and remote sensing, providing a niche for interdisciplinary work on regional geology and Earth history.

The BJGEO publishes articles (including review articles), brief communications, data articles, editorials, and discussions (brief, objective and concise comments on recent papers published in BJGEO with replies by authors).
Manuscripts must be written in English. Companion papers will not be accepted.

Manuscripts for publication in BJGEO are to be submitted EXCLUSIVELY through the website https://bjgeo.submitcentral.com.br/ and must be prepared following the instructions below. After successful submission you will receive a confirmation email along with an ID number for your paper.

This journal follows the  SciELO Program Digital Preservation Policy.

In addition to the SciELO hosting, the articles published in this journal are also stored and made available by the web page of the Brazilian Geological Society at http://bjg.siteoficial.ws/

• Web of Science
• Scopus
• DOAJ
• Latindex
• Diadorim
• Miguilim
• EbscoHost
• Capes Periódicos

• Journal Title: Brazilian Journal of Geology
• Short Title: Braz. J. Geol. (Online)
• Publication of: Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia (Brazilian Geological Society)
• Publication Type: Continuous Publication 
• Year of Journal Creation: 2013 (previously published as Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Geologia, 1952-1970, and Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 1971-2012)

• Brazilian Geological Society website: http://www.sbgeo.org.br/
• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sbgeologia
• Instagram: https://instagram.com/sbgeologia?utm_medium=copy_link
• YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/SociedadeBrasileiradeGeologia
• LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sociedade-brasileira-de-geologia-sbg-ab9415235

Following SciELO's Open Science Policy, BJGEO also incentives the sharing of your manuscript publicly as a preprint, which can be done prior to or simultaneously to your submission. Please note that sharing your preprints on a preprint server, such as in SciELO preprints (https://preprints.scielo.org), arXiv (https://arxiv.org/) or EarthArXiv (https://eartharxiv.org/), will not count as prior publication.

This is also known as self-archiving. The journal allows authors to deposit all versions of their work in an institutional or other repository of their choice. These versions include: Preprint, Author's Accepted Manuscript, Published article (Version of Record). There is no embargo.

Artificial intelligence does not meet the requirements of BJGEO for authorship of a scientific article given the need for accountability. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools and Large Language Models (LLMs, such as ChatGPT, Gemini or others) cannot be listed as authors on any academic paper published by BJGEO.

The artificial intelligence can be used by authors in cases that are not related to ethical problems, such as: responsibility for the article, presence and absence of conflict of interest and not being responsible for managing license agreements and rights of the author(s).

The texts obtained in AI can include biases, distortions, irrelevancies, misrepresentations, and plagiarism. Many of these are caused by the algorithms that govern their generation and depend to a large extent on the content of the materials used to form the questions.
Valid activities for the use of artificial intelligence will be considered:

• Assistance with the language of the article. When AI is used to paraphrase or improve the author's original content, rather than suggesting new content, it becomes similar to tools such as Grammarly, spellcheckers, dictionaries, and thesaurus. Texts fully translated by AI will not be accepted.
• Literature search. Generative text models can be used as search assistants and to identify relevant literature. The usual requirements apply for the accuracy of citations and the thoroughness of literature reviews; care must be taken with possible biases in suggested citations. The author(s) are important in selecting and critically analyzing AI research.
• Authors who use AI tools in the writing of a manuscript, in the production of images or graphic elements, or in the compilation and analysis of data, should make it explicit in the Materials and Methods section of the article with details of how the AI tool was used and which tool was used.
• Authors are responsible for the accuracy, completeness and originality of their research articles, including any use of AI.
• The use of AI must not violate the plagiarism policy of BJGEO. Academic papers must be authored by the author and must not present ideas, data, words or other material from third parties without proper citation and transparent referencing.

In case of doubt, please check this guide (in Portuguese)  Guia de uso de ferramentas e recursos de Inteligência Artificial

Articles will be submitted for critical analysis by at least two reviewers.

Type of evaluation: Single-blinded. Authors will be identified in the manuscripts received by the Reviewers, but the Reviewers will remain anonymous unless they choose to reveal their identities.

The article submitted to BJGEO goes through an evaluation process consisting of the following steps, namely:

1. A screening (Desk Review) carried out by the Technical Team (Cubo Editorial) along with the Editors-in-Chief, who analyzes its adequacy to the editorial policy and editorial standards of BJGEO, being rejected in case of inadequacy. 

2. Once the manuscript has passed this initial screening (desk review), the external review process begins, at which point the manuscript is sent to one of the Associate Editors, who analyzes the relevance and contribution of the text. If appropriate, the Associate Editor will then forward the manuscript to at least two single-blind reviewers selected on the basis of their expertise in the field.

3. The Associate Editors carry out the monitoring of this entire evaluation process, which can be extended by several rounds of evaluations. In each evaluation round, the reviewers will indicate their recommendation, which can be one of the four:

1. Rejection – the article is considered inadequate for BJGEO.
2. Major revision – substantial modifications are required and the manuscript will be assessed in a new round of revisions.
3. Minor revision – minor modifications are required.  The Associate Editor might send the manuscript for a new round of revisions or make a recommendation based on his/hers evaluation of the manuscript.
4. Approval.

4. For every step, the process then returns to the Associate Editor, who will make  his/hers own recommendation to the Editors-in-Chief. The Editors-in-Chief, will be responsible for making the final decision and communicating it to the authors.

5. Authors should note that a decision for “major revision” or “minor revision” does not constitute approval of the article, which can be rejected after any step of the evaluation process.

6. Whenever authors are asked to revise, they must send 3 files: i) a document summarizing the changes made and a detailed response (point-by-point) to all reviewers and editor comments; ii) a Revised Manuscript with Changes Highlighted (this can be a PDF version made in Word or other software with the “track changes” option turned on, or a Word file); iii) a Revised Manuscript with no changes highlighted (that is, the “clean” version).

7. The authors must be aware that if there is need for revision, they will have 60 days (in case of major revisions) or 30 days (in case of minor revisions), to make the corrections suggested by the editors;

8. After the approval of the article, it will proceed to the process of proofreading, typesetting and final publication.

In line with Open Science communication practices, the names of the Associate Editor and Editor-in-Chief responsible for evaluation and decision of each manuscript will be published in the final version of the article. Additionally BJGEO now adopts in its editorial policy, an option to opening the peer review process in agreement with the reviewer, by publishing the evaluations submitted by the reviewers.  

We inform that, in the case of the disclosure of evaluations that support the decision to publish an article, it may be edited by the editorial board of the journal. 

Authors are requested to provide a filled copy of the SciELO Open Science Compliance Form. At the moment, the journal does not offer Open Peer Review options, such as publication of review reports or direct interactions with reviewers.

The Brazilian Journal of Geology, together with SciELO, is engaged in promoting Open Science and will gradually introduce new requirements to align its editorial policy with rules and procedures recommended by the principles of openness to the whole research cycle. It is mandatory that research data of all papers submitted to the BJGEO must be deposited and permanently archived in appropriate, trusted, domain-specific repositories that offer long-term preservation and persistent identifiers for the deposited dataset. Authors can deposit their datasets in the Brazilian Journal of Geology Dataverse (https://data.scielo.org/dataverse/brbjgeo) or in general repositories such as Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/), PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de/) or others.

Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this journal also encourages you to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.

We request the authors to include the information about shared data in a section titled “Data Availability”.
Additional information about SciELO Data, as well as guidelines on research data preparation and deposit can be found at:

• About SciELO Data.
• Guia TOP: (Guide to promoting the opening, transparency and reproducibility of research published by SciELO journals)
• Guia de citação de dados de pesquisa : (Guidelines for research data Citation (Portuguese Only)
• Lista de repositórios para depósito de dados de pesquisa (List of repositories for research data deposit (Portugueses Only)

The current publication fee is R$ 1,600.00 (One Thousand Six Hundred Brazilian Reais), irrespective of the number of pages published. The publication fee will be waived for articles in which at least half of the authors are members of the Brazilian Geological Society and have paid their membership dues for the year  the article was accepted (see SBG Resolution 291/2023). Payment details will be sent to authors in the final editorial stage of articles accepted for publication. There are no submission fees for the articles.

The journal complies with the SciELO Guidelines Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publication as well as the ethical principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). 

All papers should be original. Paragraphs or sentences from other papers should be minimized and properly cited. This also applies to previous papers by the same authors.

In cases where misconduct is identified, the BJGEO editorial board will take the necessary measures following international recommendations (COPE) and publish a retraction. Research misconduct does not include honest mistakes or differences of opinion.

The BJGEO follows the Code of Good Scientific Practice published by the São Paulo State Research Foundation – FAPESP, see https://fapesp.br/boaspraticas/2014/FAPESP-Code_of_Good_Scientific_Practice.pdf

Guidelines on Best Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publication: https://wp.scielo.org/wp-content/uploads/Guide-to-Best-Practices-for-Strengthening-Ethics-in-Scientific-Publishing.pdf

All authors are requested to disclose any actual or potential conflict of interest. Any interest or relationship, financial or otherwise, that could potentially influence the author’s objectivity is considered a potential source of conflict of interest. These must be revealed when they are either directly or indirectly related to the manuscript submitted to the journal. Conflicts of interest can arise when authors, reviewers, and editors have personal or financial interests that may potentially influence the preparation or evaluation of manuscripts. The existence of a conflict of interest does not impede publication in this journal, provided that it is clearly explained by the authors in the Conflicts of Interest section. Examples can be found in:

• What is a conflict of interest?
• Disclosure of Financial and Non-Financial Relationships and Activities, and Conflicts of Interest.

Ideas or writing from someone else has to be properly cited. The journal might use similarity software to detect article plagiarism. If detected, the submitted manuscript is automatically rejected without further review.

Notes on what is Plagiarism (APA Style guide): https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/plagiarism

Unless otherwise specified, all content in the journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0), thus preserving the integrity of articles in an open-access environment.  The journal allows the author to retain the rights of publication without restriction and BBR the right of first publication.

The author is free to:

• Share: copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
• Adapt: Remix, transform, and build on material for any purpose, even commercially.
• This license is acceptable for Free Cultural Works.
• The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the terms of the license.

Under the following terms:

• Attribution: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if any changes have been made. You may do so in any way that is reasonable but not in any way that suggests that the licensor endorses you or your use.
• No additional restrictions: You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Site Responsibility:

• The publication reserves the right to make, in the originals, changes of normative, orthographic and grammatical order, in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language, respecting, however, the authors' style;
• The originals will be returned to the authors;

Author's responsibility:

• Authors retain full rights to their works published in BJGEO, and their total or partial reprint, deposit or republication is subject to the indication of first publication to the journal, through the CC-BY license;
• The original publication source must be consigned;
• The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.

BJGEO encourages authors to self-archive their accepted manuscripts, publishing them on personal blogs, institutional repositories and academic social media, as well as posting them on their personal social media, as long as the full citation is included in the version of the Journal website.

• VALE (2023-2024)
• Eventos SBG (2019-2023)
• National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq (grants 406858/2018-7, 442277/2019-9 and 401582/2024-8)
• Petrobras (2016-2018)

• Lucas Warren, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-6514, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1333845337012256 , e-mail: lucas.warren@unesp.br
• Carlos Henrique Grohmann, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil,  ORCiD: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-5572, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5846052449613692 , e-mail: guano@usp.br

• Adalene Moreira Silva, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-2374,
  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2518547102494583, e-mail: adalene@unb.br
• Afonso Cesar Rodrigues Nogueira, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém/PA, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5225-9255, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8867836268820998, e-mail: anogueira@ufpa.br
• Álvaro Penteado Crósta, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil,  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-1147,
  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1077091269921532, e-mail: crosta@unicamp.br
• Andres Folguera, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-8543, e-mail: andresfolguera2@yahoo.com.ar
• Bruna Borges Carvalho, University of Padova (UniPD), Padova, PD, Italy, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2976-3194, e-mail: bruna.borgescarvalho@unipd.it
• Camila Duelis Viana, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7093-0244,
  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8408152690266564, e-mail: camila.viana@usp.br
• Claiton Marlon dos Santos Scherer, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre/RS,Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-1187, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488329717814652, e-mail: claiton.scherer@ufrgs.br
• Claudio Riccomini, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil,
  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7249-5706,
  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8670893946594677, e-mail: riccomin@usp.br
• Fabrício de Andrade Caxito, Universidade Federa de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte/MG, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0335-3667, Lattes: http://attes.cnpq.br/0090865315012529, e-mai: caxito@ufmg.br
• Glaucia Nascimento Queiroga, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto/MG, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1730-0638, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1976244802220797, e-mail: glauciaqueiroga@ufop.edu.br
• Haakon Fossen, University of Bergen (UiB), Bergen, Norway,
  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8091-5643, e-mail: haakon.fossen@uib.no
• Huan Cui, Kansas State University (KSU), Manhattan/KS, United States of America, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-3423, e-mail: huancui@ksu.edu
• Ismar de Souza Carvalho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1811-0588, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2138654072839905, e-mail: ismar@geologia.ufrj.br
• Ivo Karmann, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 
  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6905-8962,
  Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1430772154904124, e-mail: ikarmann@usp.br
• João Graciano Mendonça Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8997-0270, Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/0961099296657502, e-mail: graciano@geologia.ufrj.br
• Luis Buatois, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon/SK, Canada, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-750X, e-mail: luis.buatois@usask.ca
• Marcello Guimarães Simões, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu/SP, Brazil, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-3199, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3952163015625103, e-mail: marcello.simoes@unesp.br
• Marie-Pierre Ledru, Institut de Recherche pour Le Développement (IRD), Paris, France, ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-9320 , e-mail: marie-Pierre.Ledru@ird.fr
• Mitsuyo Saito, Hiroshima University (HU), Hiroshima, Japan,
  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3122-5205, e-mail: misaito@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
• Sebastiano Trevisani, University of Venice, Venice, Italy,
  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-7798 , e-mail: strevisani@iuav.it
• Valderez Pinto Ferreira, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco/PE, Brazil,  ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-7113, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9663699374798550, e-mail: valderez.ferreira@ufpe.br

• Editora Cubo, São Carlos, SP. Brazil, e-mail:  bjgeo.secretaria@editoracubo.com.br
  Phone: +55 (16) 3509-7900
  https://www.editoracubo.com.br

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors as well as tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other language, including electronically, without the written consent of the copyright holder. Authors should verify the originality of the article by checking for plagiarism using any available software.
In addition, the corresponding author must state that:

• The article has not been partitioned, and its contents are fully and independently understandable;
• The article does not exceed 10,000 words (including figures captions, tables captions and References) and 10 figures;
• The authors are aware that if reviewers indicate the need for revision, they will have 60 days (in case of major revisions) or 30 days (in case of minor revisions), to make the corrections suggested by the editors;
• The authors are aware that they should carefully check and correct print proofs and return them to publishers within 48 hours to ensure the publication of the article without errors – it is the author’s responsibility to carefully check the proofs before publication; typographic errors such as misspellings (including the Authors’ names) perceived after publication DO NOT justify the publication of a correction.

All works approved upon their final publication in BJGEO receive their Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

The submission of manuscripts must only be performed online at https://bjgeo.submitcentral.com.br/

There are no fees for submission and evaluation of articles.

Our online submission system will guide you stepwise through the process of entering details on your article and uploading your files. The system will convert your article files to a single PDF file for use in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word) are required to typeset your article for final publication. Note that we do not accept LaTeX source files. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision, will be sent by e-mail.

Revised submissions should include:

1 - a document summarizing the changes made and a detailed response (point-by-point) to all reviewers and editor comments;
2 - a Revised Manuscript with Changes Highlighted (this can be a PDF version made in Word or other software with the “track changes” option turned on);
3 - a Revised Manuscript with NO Changes Highlighted (that is, the “clean” version).

Submissions Types

Articles
Article that communicates original research. Limited to 10,000 words (including figure captions, tables captions and references) and 10 figures. The abstract is limited to 400 words.

Brief communications
Succinct communication of research results. Limited to 2,000 words, including references. The abstract is limited to 100 words.

Data articles
Article that describes research data made available in a data repository. Limited to 5,000 words, including references. The abstract is limited to 200 words.

Review articles
Review articles should cover relevant topics of Geology. These articles may be requested by the editors, but recognized experts might spontaneously submit review articles in their field of expertise. In this case, potential authors should contact the editors to ascertain their interest before submitting the article.

Editorials
Editorials should cover some aspect of the broad spectrum of the Geological Sciences. They will be authored by the editors of BJGEO, by people linked to the Brazilian Geological Society or by industry personalities. These documents will not be submitted to peer review and will be published at the editors’ discretion.

Submission Checklist
The following list will be helpful during the final checking of an article before sending it to the journal for review. Please consult this Guide for Authors for further details of any item.
Ensure that the following items are present:
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:

• E-mail address
• Full postal address
• All necessary files have been uploaded:
• Cover letter (we provide an example here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/13Z7y7XAAsoOYozrFwon9XVzNcSIIRoql/export?format=docx), containing:
  • Brief description of your article and its importance (think of it as a “sales pitch” where you need to “sell” your article. This helps the Editors to judge the pertinence of the article to the journal as well as select the most appropriate Associate Editor to handle the revision process).
  • A plain language summary (max. 100 words) for outreach and social media communication. It should convey the same information as the Abstract but in a completely different language and tone. It should summarize your scientific study, its results, and their broader relevance without using jargon so that it is understandable by scientists from outside of your discipline, as well as science journalists and science educators. Additional information and examples can be found at https://www.agu.org/Publish-with-AGU/Publish/Author-Resources/Plain-Language-Summary
  • Word count (including figure captions, tables captions and references).
  • A statement that the authors understand and agree to the contents of SBG Resolution 291/2023 concerning the payment of the publication fee. If at least half the authors are members of the SBG, indicate which ones, so their records can be checked by the SBG secretariat.
  • A statement that the article has not been partitioned, and its contents are fully and independently understandable.
  • A statement that all the co-authors have approved the submitted version.
  • If there is a preprint version, indicate its URL or DOI.
• Open Science Compliance Form.
• Main manuscript file.
• Keywords.
• All figures.
• All figure captions.
• All tables (including title, description, footnotes).
• All table captions.

Further considerations:

• Manuscript has been ‘spell-checked’ and ‘grammar-checked’.
• All references mentioned in the Reference list are cited in the text, and vice versa.
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet).

Potential reviewers can be suggested directly in the submission system or in the cover letter, as well as the indication of anyone whom you would prefer not to review your submission. Although the Editors may not use your suggestions, your help is appreciated and may speed up the selection of appropriate reviewers.

Initial Submissions
In order to simplify the submission process, authors may submit their manuscript (text, figures and tables) as a single file. This can be a Word or PDF file, in any format or layout, and figures and tables can be placed within the text.

Electronic artwork
Figures can be placed within the text, but the authors must ensure the figures’ quality is high enough for refereeing (all details must be clearly visible; a minimum resolution of 300 dpi is recommended).

Reference formatting
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, name(s) of author(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. Upon acceptance, the authors must provide a version of the manuscript with all references according to the APA standard (see https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations). Note that missing data will be highlighted at the proof stage for the author to correct.

Submission after acceptance
Once your article has been accepted, editable files (e.g., Word) of the manuscript and tables, as well as high-resolution files of all electronic artwork (see below), are required to typeset your article for final publication. We cannot accept LaTeX source files; if you produce your article with LaTeX, after acceptance, you must convert it to an editable format such as Word or RTF (we do not provide such a service).

Use of word processing software
Regardless of the file format of the original submission, at revision you must provide us with an editable file of the entire article. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts.
To avoid errors, you are strongly advised to use the ‘spell-check’ and ‘grammar-check’ functions of your word processor.

Article structure
There are no strict formatting requirements, but all manuscripts must contain the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for example, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, References, Data Availability, Authorship, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
Divide the article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to ‘the text’. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference. Only relevant modifications should be described.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of the Discussion section.

Authorship
The authorship of a document grants recognition and academic credit to the authors and implies accountability for the published content. Authorship normally requires significant contributions in the conception and/or development of the research and/or writing of the manuscript and mandatorily in the review and approval of the final version.
This section must inform the contribution of each author.
The SciELO Brazil Criteria adopt the CRediT specification system (Contributor Roles Taxonomy - https://credit.niso.org/ ) which is maintained by NISO. CRediT defines 14 different authorship roles or roles, described as follows:

• Conceptualization - Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.
• Data curation - Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where it is necessary to interpret the data itself) for initial use and later re-use.
• Formal analysis - Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize study data.
• Funding acquisition - Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.
• Investigation - Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection.
• Methodology – Development or design of methodology; creation of models.
• Project administration – Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.
• Resources - Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.
• Software - Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components.
• Supervision - Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.
• Validation - Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experiments and other research outputs.
• Visualization - Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation.
• Writing – original draft - Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation).
• Writing – review & editing - Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically critical review, commentary, or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.

Data Availabity
If the authors shared data related to the article, indicate here its availability in a concise manner (e.g., The dataset(s) supporting the results presented in this article is available at [DOI of the dataset(s)]).

Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. This also applies to tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

Title. Concise, informative, and interesting. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

Author names and affiliation
Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. Present all authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript number immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, the e-mail address and ORCID identifier of each author.
The names of institutions and programs must be presented in full and in the institution's original language or in the English version when written in non-Latin. See the examples:

• Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brasil;
• Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas,
• Departamento de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México;
• Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics;

Authors can check the Research Organization Registry (ROR https://ror.org) for the official names of institutions.

Corresponding author
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, publication, and post-publication. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.

Present/permanent address
If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a ‘Present address’ (or ‘Permanent address’) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract
A concise (maximum 400 words) and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential, they must be defined at the first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of ’). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proofreading the article, etc.), as well as institutions and funding agencies (authors must double-check the correct way to indicate grant numbers/codes).
Though it is not mandatory, it is always appreciated when authors thank the reviewers, Associate Editor and Editors-in-Chief in the Acknowledgments by name if their identity has been revealed, or as "anonymous reviewers" if you do not know their names.

Units
Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.

Math formulae
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Preferred fonts: use only sans-serif fonts such as Arial, Sans or Helvetica. For mathematical symbols and Greek letters, use Symbol.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• For Word submissions only, you may provide figures, their captions, and tables within a single file at the revision stage.

Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please ‘save as’ or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
• EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as ‘graphics’.
• TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (half-tones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi.
• TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 600 dpi.
• TIFF (or JPG): Combined bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale) images: a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
• Supply files that are too low in resolution.
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format — TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) — and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures, these will appear in color online.

Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations to a minimum, but be sure to explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules. Long tables should be published as Supplemental Material (i.e., deposited in a data repository), either by request of the authors or by suggestion of the editors.

Supplemental Material
Long tables, maps, analytic results or other material considered relevant to the article but not essential to the main text can be published in digital format as Supplemental Material. Refer to these items in the manuscript as Supp.Tab.X, Supp.Fig.X.

Authors can deposit the material in repositories such as Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/), PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de/) or the BJGEO dataverse in SciELO Data (https://data.scielo.org/). 

In case the authors choose SciELO Data, we request the authors to submit the supplemental material along with the manuscript for evaluation, and upon acceptance, deposit all supplemental material for their articles in a repository. 

For repositories like Zenodo or PANGAEA, the authors can deposit the files I and share the DOI, which must be clearly indicated both in the cover letter and in the manuscript.

Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either ‘Unpublished results’ or ‘Personal communication’. Citation of a reference as ‘in press’ implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Reference style
The journal uses the citation/reference style “APA 7th edition”.
See https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations for examples and guidelines.
All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically by authors’ names. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of the author’s names and dates are exactly the same in the text as in the reference list.
Below, we provide quick links to the APA reference style:

• https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-examples.pdf
• https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/reference-guide.pdf
• In-Text Citations: 
• Journal Article References
• Book/Ebook References
• Chapter in an Edited Book/Ebook References
• Report by a Government Agency References
• Conference Proceeding References
• Published Dissertation or Thesis References