The International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences (IJCS) was established in 2015, succeeding its predecessors: Revista da SOCERJ and Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia, launched in 1998 and 2010, respectively. Available in electronic format and in English, it is indexed in major databases, and all published scientific contributions undergo peer review by members of the Editorial Board and Review Panel, selected from among the most prominent researchers in Brazil and abroad. Manuscripts are accepted based on their relevance and originality, scientific accuracy, and the significance of their contribution to the advancement of science.

This journal follows the Open Access model, providing unrestricted online access (including financial restrictions) to all scientific articles published by the journal.
Open access refers to the condition in which the copyright holder of an academic work grants usage rights to third parties through an open license (Creative Commons Attribution, CC-BY ), , allowing immediate free access to the work and permitting any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

The term open science refers to a model of scientific practice aligned with digital evolution, which advocates for making information available in networks, in contrast to the closed research model of traditional laboratories.
Open science practices involve the publication of research data, acceleration of editorial and communication processes through continuous article publication and the adoption of preprints, increased transparency in peer review and communication workflows, and the pursuit of broader systems for evaluating articles and journals.
Our editorial policy adheres to the principles of Open Science in its research communication practices, and IJCS follows the Gold Open Science model.

The corresponding author, or the first author of the article, must declare their compliance with Open Science in the Mandatory Publication Form, in accordance with the Open Science Compliance Form.

IJCS follows the standards and ethical guidelines for responsible scientific communication as established by the following national and international institutions: Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Council of Science Editors (CSE), Equator Network, International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and the SciELO Guide to Good Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publishing. 

Please refer to thev Please refer to theEthics Policy published on the journal’s website.

Publication of scientific manuscripts on cardiovascular topics, with an emphasis on original articles that address aspects of epidemiology, multidisciplinary studies, assessments of healthcare quality, clinical trial designs, and research from single-center and multicenter studies, contributing to the dissemination of scientific output in the field of cardiovascular sciences.

This journal follows the standards established by the Digital Preservation Policy of the SciELO Program.

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Journal title:International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences
Abbreviated title: Int J Cardiovasc Sci.
Published by: Brazilian Society of Cardiology
Publication frequency: Annual (single volume)
Publication model: Continuous Publication
Year of establishment: 2015

IJCS disseminates its content through the following channels:
Website: https://ijcscardiol.org/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sbc.cardiol/
X (former Twitter): https://x.com/onlineijcs
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sbc.cardiol/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/CardiolBr
https://www.linkedin.com/company/cardiol/

A preprint is a complete scientific manuscript deposited by the authors on a public server. The preprint includes full data and methodologies. It is published on the web in approximately one day, without undergoing peer review, and can be accessed freely by anyone worldwide through platforms specifically developed for this purpose. This allows scientists to directly control the dissemination of their work within the global scientific community. In most cases, the same work published as a preprint is also submitted for peer review in a journal. Thus, preprints (not peer-reviewed) and journal publications (peer-reviewed) operate in parallel as complementary systems for scientific communication.
Depositing a manuscript on a preprint platform is not considered duplicate publication. Submission of a manuscript to IJCS implies that it has not been previously published, in whole or in part, in books or journals, and that it has not been simultaneously submitted to another journal. Manuscripts published in conference proceedings, as preliminary versions or working papers, or on preprint platforms are considered unpublished.
Manuscripts previously made available on preprint servers must include a reference to their online location (link, DOI, etc.) and will be subject to single-blind peer review, in which reviewers are aware of the authors' identities. Manuscripts not available on preprint servers will continue to undergo double-blind review, where neither the reviewers nor the authors know each other's identities. Comments received on preprint manuscripts may be considered by editors during the peer review process.
If an author wishes to deposit a manuscript in a preprint server while it is under peer review at IJCS, they must request permission from the journal via email: revistaijcs@cardiol.br.
The journal recommends the SciELO Preprints server for submission: https://preprints.scielo.org, though other servers are also accepted.  

Accepted articles that remain available on preprint servers must include a link to the final version published in IJCS.

IJCS uses a double-blind peer review system, which means that the article's reviewers will not have access to the identity of the author(s), and the author(s) will not have access to the identity of the reviewer. Upon initial submission, the article is reviewed by the editorial team for compliance with the journal's style and to ensure that the manuscript is clear and readable for reviewers and editors. After this editorial check, the article is forwarded to the Editor-in-Chief, who then assigns it to an Associate Editor. The Associate Editor then determines whether the article should be sent for peer review or if it does not align with the priorities of IJCS. All reviewers and editors are asked to disclose any potential conflicts of interest, and if such conflicts exist, the article is reassigned to a different editor or reviewer. Articles are subjected to statistical review whenever necessary. After at least two reviews are completed, the article is evaluated by the Associate Editor and the Editor-in-Chief, who make one of the six possible decisions. Reviewers are given 30 days to evaluate the manuscript.

• Accept: The article is accepted for publication in its current form. However, minor changes may be made by medical editors, illustrators, or the editorial team. In such cases, authors will need to coordinate with the appropriate contacts to ensure these changes are incorporated after acceptance.
• Minor Revision: It should be noted that this decision does not guarantee the acceptance of the article. However, it indicates that the required changes are less significant than those in the case of Major Revision. Authors have 15 days to make the requested changes.
• Major Revision: In this case, more substantial changes are necessary. Authors have 30 days to make the requested revisions. It is important to note that this decision does not guarantee the acceptance of the article.
• Reject and Resubmit: The article is currently unsuitable for publication in its current form. However, the editors are willing to reconsider a thoroughly revised version. Authors must respond to all reviewer and editor comments, and the article will be re-evaluated and treated as a new submission.
• Reject: The article is unsuitable for publication and/or does not meet the criteria for publication in IJCS.

The responsibility for the content of the journals and articles lies with the authors and editors, in accordance with agreements established between the parties.

IJCS encourages authors to make all underlying content (data, program codes, and other materials) available prior to or at the time of publication. Exceptions are allowed in cases involving legal or ethical issues. The goal is to facilitate the evaluation of the manuscript and, if approved, contribute to the preservation and reuse of content, as well as the reproducibility of research.
Adopting good practices in preparing data for deposit is a key aspect for enabling access, sharing, and reuse of research data, in addition to helping make the data “as FAIR as possible.” To better understand the FAIR Principles and how to make your data as FAIR as possible, the use of the FAIR-Aware tool is recommended: https://fairaware.dans.knaw.nl/.
At the time of submission, the author must submit the completed Mandatory Publication Form, which declares how the content underlying the manuscript text is made available. Types of declarations:
If the data are already available: 

1. The content underlying the research text is contained within the manuscript. 
2. The content is already available. Please provide titles and the respective URLs, access numbers, or DOIs of the files containing the data underlying the article text. 

If the data are not available: 

1. The data will be made available upon request by reviewers. 
2. After publication, the data will be available upon request to the authors – a condition that must be justified in the manuscript. 
3. The data cannot be made publicly available. The author must provide justification. 

The journal recommends depositing research data through the SciELO repository. Access it here: https://data.scielo.org/dataverse/brijcs. The Guidelines for Research Data Citation (Portuguese only) (https://wp.scielo.org/wp-content/uploads/Guia_preparacao_pt.pdf) provides authors with all necessary instructions on how to make their data available in the repository, including file naming, format, size, as well as data description and anonymization.
https://wp.scielo.org/wp-content/uploads/Guia_preparacao_pt.pdf).

As of 04/01/2024, IJCS will implement a publication fee for the first author of the approved article according to the following conditions:

• If the first author, whether national or international, is not a member of SBC; or
• If the first author is a member but is in arrears.

The first author, whose SBC membership is current at the time of article approval, will be exempt from any payment.
It is emphasized that no fee will be charged at the time of article submission, only after approval.
Articles submitted before the date mentioned above will not incur any charges; only those submitted after this date.
Authors invited by the journal to write a certain type of article (e.g., short editorials, editorials, letter to the editor, etc.) will be exempt from any payment.
Rates and payment:

* For residents outside Brazil, the amount will be converted to dollars based on the exchange rate of the day.

After article approval, the editorial secretary will contact the first author if payment is required, providing the link for fee payment. The article will only proceed to editorial production upon payment. Current members will have their articles automatically forwarded for editorial production.

The Ethics Policy outlines the responsibilities of authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher. In cases of misconduct, the journal will follow the Guidelines on Best Practices for Strengthening Ethics in Scientific Publication, as well as the Guide for the Publication of Retraction, and the Guide for the Publication of Erratum.

A conflict of interest may be of a personal, commercial, political, academic, or financial nature. Conflicts of interest can arise when authors, reviewers, or editors have interests that may influence the preparation or evaluation of manuscripts. Upon submission of the manuscript, authors are responsible for recognizing and disclosing any financial or other conflicts that may have influenced the work. If such a conflict exists, even potentially, the author(s) must disclose it through the Mandatory Publication Form.
Potential conflicts of interest include an author’s relationship, directly or indirectly –
through the institution sponsoring the research — with companies that could potentially benefit from the study’s results.
For this reason, all authors must declare any relationships they have had with industry or other relevant entities – whether financial or otherwise – within the past two years, which may represent a conflict of interest related to the submitted article. All relevant relationships with industry, academic affiliations, and funding sources for the work must be declared in the form, as well as all institutional affiliations of the authors (including corporate appointments). This includes, but is not limited to, roles such as consulting, stock ownership or other equity interests, or patent licensing agreements.
The following types of relationships are considered potentially conflicting and must be disclosed:
If, within the past two years, any of the authors has:

1. Received consulting fees, honoraria for lectures, writing, or any other type of paid service from the manufacturer of the product.
2. Received support from the product’s manufacturer (research funding, provision of equipment, drugs, or labor) related to the current project or another project involving the same product.
3. Received support from the product’s manufacturer to attend conferences.
4. Held shares in the product’s manufacturer.
5. The product’s manufacturer was involved in the collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of the data.
6. Is employed by a company that may benefit directly or indirectly from the results of the study.

IJCS uses iThenticate software to verify the originality of submitted content prior to publication. All manuscripts are checked before the final editorial decision.
Plagiarism is not accepted by IJCS. Plagiarism undermines the true purpose of science. Plagiarism is defined as instances in which an author attempts to use another person’s work as their own. Another form of plagiarism is self-plagiarism or duplication, which occurs when an author reuses significant portions of their previously published work without proper citation. Plagiarism constitutes scientific misconduct and must be treated as such. If plagiarism is detected at any point before publication, the editorial team will take appropriate action according to the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). For more information, visit: http://www.publicationethics.org.
IJCS uses iThenticate to assess the originality of submitted manuscripts. iThenticate compares submitted content against millions of published research papers and billions of web pages. Authors, researchers, and freelancers are also encouraged to use iThenticate to check their work prior to submission by visiting http://www.ithenticate.com.
The editors at IJCS carefully evaluate all suspected cases of plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected prior to publication, the author(s) will be notified and asked to rewrite the content or provide proper citations identifying the source of the material. If more than 25% of the article is found to be plagiarized, the manuscript will be rejected, and the authors will be notified.
All articles submitted for publication are screened using online tools to detect plagiarism both after submission and before the review process begins.
Articles found to contain plagiarism are handled based on the extent of the detected content:
10–25% plagiarism: The manuscript will be returned to the author for revision without entering the peer review process.
>25% plagiarism: The manuscript will be rejected without entering peer review. Authors will be advised to revise and resubmit the article.
If plagiarism is detected after an article has been published by IJCS, the journal will contact the author’s institution and any relevant funding agencies.
>50% plagiarism), the article will be formally retracted.

Authors must disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in scientific writing at the time of article submission. The following guidelines apply exclusively to the writing process and not to the use of AI tools for data analysis or the extraction of insights during the research process:

• Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies should be used solely to enhance the readability and style of the manuscript. These technologies must be employed under human supervision and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the output, as AI may produce information that appears accurate but is, in fact, incorrect, incomplete, or biased. Authors are ultimately responsible for the content of their work.
• AI and AI-assisted technologies must not be listed or cited as authors or co-authors of the manuscript, as authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that only humans can assume and fulfill.
• The use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing must be disclosed by including a statement at the end of the manuscript at the time of initial submission, and it must also be mentioned in the Methods section. This disclosure should also be made by completing the Mandatory Publication Form. This declaration is not required for basic tools such as those used for grammar, spelling, and reference checking. If there is nothing to declare, no statement is necessary.

We recommend that authors read our Ethics Policy and the Guide to the Use of Artificial Intelligence Tools and Resources in Research Communication on the SciELO Network.
Note: To protect authors' rights and the confidentiality of research, this journal currently does not allow the use of generative AI or AI-assisted technologies, such as ChatGPT or similar services, by reviewers or editors during the peer review and manuscript evaluation process. We are actively assessing compatible AI tools and may revise these guidelines in the future.

The editorial board of IJCS, as well as authors who publish in the journal, are encouraged to consistently follow the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) Guidelines. The SAGER guidelines provide a framework for reporting information on sex and gender in study design, data analysis, and the results and interpretation of findings.

IJCS is ethically committed to promoting the adoption of DEIA principles throughout its editorial process, aiming to foster diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility in scientific research and publishing, and to ensure the greatest possible plurality within the editorial board and peer review process.
To encourage diversity, authors are being prompted to self-declare their gender, race/color, and background when submitting articles, allowing for actions that support the inclusion of specific populations that may be underrepresented.
In terms of manuscript preparation, the journal recommends the application of SAGER guidelines to all research involving humans, animals, or any material derived from humans and animals.

General Principles

• Authors should use the terms sex and gender carefully to avoid confusion between them.
• When research subjects include organisms capable of sex differentiation, the study should be designed and conducted in a way that can reveal sex-related differences in the results, even if such differences were not initially expected.
• When subjects can also be differentiated by gender (shaped by social and cultural circumstances), the research should be conducted similarly at this additional level of distinction.

Recommendations by Article Section

Title and Abstract
If only one sex is included in the study, or if the study results apply to only one sex or gender, the title and abstract should specify the sex of the animals or any cells, tissues, and other materials derived from them, as well as the sex and gender of human participants.

Introduction
Authors should report, when relevant, whether sex and/or gender differences can be expected.

Methods
Authors should report how sex and gender were considered in the study design, whether adequate representation of male and female individuals was ensured, and justify any exclusion of male or female individuals.

Results
Where appropriate, data should routinely be presented disaggregated by sex and gender. Sex and gender analyses should be reported separately from positive or negative outcomes. In clinical trials, data on dropouts and withdrawals should also be reported disaggregated by sex.

Discussion
The potential implications of sex and gender on the study results and analyses should be discussed. If a sex and gender analysis was not conducted, a justification should be provided. Authors should also discuss the implications of the absence of such analysis on the interpretation of the results.

Access the full SAGER guidelines document: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-016-0007-6. Portuguese version: https://www.scielo.br/j/ress/a/qbkGJtSD7Cj4fzJSrVsg6Hf/?lang=pt

Accessibility Tools

The IJCS journal website has been designed with a strong commitment to accessibility, ensuring that all people, regardless of their abilities, can access and enjoy the content offered. Here are some of the main accessibility tools and features available:

Compatible Screen Reader: The website is fully compatible with screen readers, facilitating navigation for people with visual impairments. Adjustable Contrast and Colors: To improve readability for people with low vision or color perception deficiencies, the site offers options to adjust contrast and choose color schemes that best meet individual needs. Text Enlargement: Users have the option to increase the text size directly in the site settings, allowing for more comfortable reading without compromising the formatting and structure of the content. Keyboard Navigation: The website allows full navigation using only the keyboard, without the need for a mouse. This is particularly useful for people with reduced mobility, ensuring that all features are accessible via keyboard shortcuts. Simple Layouts and Navigation: The website design follows principles of simplicity and clarity, with an intuitive and logical navigation structure. This helps ensure users can easily find information and move through the site without difficulty. These tools and features reflect IJCS’s commitment to inclusion and digital accessibility, providing an enriching user experience for all.

Authors of articles published by IJCS retain the copyright of their work, licensing it under the Creative Commons Attribution – CC BY 4.0.

Copyright belongs exclusively to the authors, with the journal holding the right of first publication as well as the rights to display, store, copy, and reuse the content.

All content and articles published by IJCS are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – CC BY 4.0.
Authors of articles published by the journal retain the copyright of their work, licensing it under the Creative Commons Attribution – CC-BY 4.0, which allows articles to be reused and distributed without restriction, provided the original work is properly cited.
IJCS encourages authors to self-archive their accepted manuscripts by posting them on personal blogs, institutional repositories, and academic social media platforms, as well as sharing them on their personal social media accounts, provided that a full citation and link to the journal’s website version are included.

• Wolney de Andrade Martins, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9665898411299816, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-8251, E-mail: wolney_martins@hotmail.com

• Cristiano Marciano Duarte, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina, Botucatu, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6813406568994405, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-2023, E-mail: cm.duarte@unesp.br

Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology

• Pedro Adragão, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal. Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3729-3137, e-mail: padragao@gmail.com
• Ricardo Alkmim Teixeira, Hospital Renascentista, Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerais/MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5088508026074935, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-7945, e-mail: ricardo.alkmim@gmail.com

Cardiovascular Imaging

• Ana Carolina do A. H. de Souza, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, EUA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-7542, e-mail: anacahsouza2@gmail.com

Clinical Cardiology

• Gláucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina (FM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7081137143097605, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-1279, e-mail: glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com

Interventionist Cardiology

• Guilherme Vianna e Silva, Texas Heart Institute, Texas, EUA. E-mail: gvsilva@bcm.edu
• Maria Sanali Moura de Oliveira Paiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte/RN, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1789554697584994, Orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-3217, e-mail: msanali@yahoo.com

Multiprofissional

• Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2770585294620241, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-2208, e-mail: christiannebretas@vm.uff.br
• Solange Amorim Nogueira, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4114143338280079, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-7142, e-mail: solange.nogueira@einstein.br

Ergometric and Cardiac Rehabilitation

• Miguel Mendes, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-7934, e-mail: miguel.mendes.md@gmail.

Cardiovascular Physiology

• Fausto J. Pinto, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-4529, e-mail: faustopinto@medicina.ulisboa.pt

Heart Failure and Myocardiopathy

• Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1235784620655321, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-302X, e-mail: ricardomourilhe@gmail.com

Hypertension

• Fernando Stuardo Wyss Quintana, Servicios y Tecnología Cardiovascular de Guatemala, Guatemala. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-4692, e-mail: fswyssquintana@gmail.com

Ischemic Heart Disease

• Maria Alexandra Arias Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-4102, e-mail: aariasm@yahoo.com
• Fernando Augusto Alves da Costa, Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa de São Paulo, Clínica Paulista de Doenças Cardiovasculares, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6769991080376315, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-7651, e-mail: alvesdacosta@uol.com.br

Pediatric Cardiology

• Isabel Cristina Britto Guimarães, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (FMB), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7946949535432608, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-5779, e-mail: isabelcbguimaraes@gmail.com
• Thaís Rocha Salim, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510326450571776, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-7460, e-mail: thais.salim@yahoo.com.br

Hemodynamics

• Sandro Cadaval Gonçalves, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital Moinhos de Vento e Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2764250208103729, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-479X, e-mail: scadaval@gmail.com

Editorial Board – ABC Family

ABC Cardiol Editor-in-chief:

• Gláucia M. Moraes de Oliveira, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7081137143097605, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-1279, E-mail: glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com  

International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences Editor-in-chief:

• Wolney de Andrade Martins, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9665898411299816, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-8251, e-mail: wolney_martins@hotmail.com

ABC Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy Editor-in-chief:

• Germano Emílio Conceição Souza, Hospital Regional São José dos Campos, São José do Campos, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1571860184567863, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8097-8003, e-mail: germanoecsouza1974@gmail.com

ABC Imagem Cardiovascular Editor-in-chief:

• Marcelo Dantas Tavares de Melo, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba/PB, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3949877047228534, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-8783, e-mail: marcelot@alumni.usp.br

Member of the Scientific Committee of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology:

• Evandro Tinoco Mesquita, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5803297417778354, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-3870, e-mail: etmesquita@gmail.com

Member of the Research and Innovation Committee of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology:

• Alvaro Avezum Junior, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5000252539139347, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3073-6890, e-mail: aavezumjr@gmail.com

Former Chief Editor of any of the ABC Family Journals:

• Angelo Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6259836166380719, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9101-3170, e-mail: depaola@cardiol.br

Editorial Board – International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences

Brazil

• Adriana Costa Diamantino, Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais/MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5764119039588338, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5029-4022, e-mail: dri_diamantino@yahoo.com.br
• Andréia Biolo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3405976143874001, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-4158, e-mail: biolo.andreia@gmail.com
• Angelo Amato Vincenzo de Paola, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6259836166380719, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9101-3170, e-mail: depaola@cardiol.br
• Antonio Cláudio Lucas da Nóbrega, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4868680076470040, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3830-2886, e-mail: aclucas@cardiol.br
• Ari Timerman, Unidades de Internação, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683910365008491, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6751-0721, e-mail: aritimerman@cardiol.br
• Ariane Binoti Pacheco, Multiscan Inteligência Diagnóstica, Vitória, Espírito Santo/ES, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6523718390820105, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7006-7348, e-mail: arianebinoti@gmail.com
• Carisi Anne Polanczyk, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5434363301784948, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2447-2577, e-mail: cpolanczyk@hcpa.edu.br
• Carlos Eduardo Rochitte, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: -http://lattes.cnpq.br/9681523650699681, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4505-3344, e-mail: rochitte@cardiol.br
• Cláudio Gil Soares de Araújo, Instituto do Coração Edson Saad, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/1481711809642466, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-6695, e-mail: cgaraujo@iis.com.br
• Cláudio Pereira da Cunha, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná/PR, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7612060515160222, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-743X, e-mail: cpcunha@cardiol.br
• Cláudio Tinoco Mesquita, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1232156961278508, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1466-9413, e-mail: claudiotinocomesquita@gmail.com
• Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2770585294620241, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-2208, e-mail: christiannebretas@id.uff.br
• Denílson Campos de Albuquerque, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5219627521398631, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1883-6546, e-mail: denilsoncalbuquerque@gmail.com
• Erika Maria Gonçalves Campana, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0180069869070857, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6352-3330, e-mail: campanaemg@gmail.com
• Esmeralci Ferreira, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto (HUPE), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6211786708672782, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3230-7683, e-mail: esmeralci@gmail.com
• Evandro Tinoco Mesquita, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5803297417778354, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-3870, e-mail: etmesquita@gmail.com
• Fernando Augusto Alves da Costa, Real e Benemérita Sociedade Portuguesa de Beneficência, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6769991080376315, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-7651, e-mail: alvesdacosta@uol.com.br
• Gabriel Blacher Grossman, Serviço de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9117241798232033, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-4900, e-mail: ggrossman@terra.com.br
• Gesmar Haddad Herdy, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Pediatria, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3333782223605106, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9290-8889, e-mail: gesmarhaddad@gmail.com
• Glaucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina (FM), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7081137143097605, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-1279, e-mail: glauciam@cardiol.br
• Henrique César de Almeida Maia, Governo do Distrito Federal (GDF), Brasília, Distrito Federal/DF, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6566077341764789, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-9585, e-mail: henrique@ritmocardio.com.br
• Henrique Murad, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0191281400629003, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-7832, e-mail: henrique.murad@terra.com.br
• Humberto Villacorta Júnior, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3021818115053477, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1654-4531, e-mail: huvillacorta@globo.com
• Imara Correia de Queiroz Barbosa, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Paraíba/PB, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4473687649728726, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-0443, e-mail: queirozimara@gmail.com
• Iran Castro, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (FUC), Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul (IC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6375631495324628, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5123-3080, e-mail: icastro@cardiol.br
• Isabel Cristina Britto Guimarães, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia (FMB), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7946949535432608, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3367-5779, e-mail: isabelcbguimaraes@gmail.com
• Jênifa Cavalcante dos Santos Santiago, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará/CE, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6024490137440701, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-8698, e-mail: jenifasantiago@ufc.br
• João Manoel Theotonio dos Santos, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, Inspirali Educação, Ânima Educação, São José dos Campos, São Paulo/SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283573438956818, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-0737, e-mail: joao.theotonio@gmail.com
• João Vicente Vitola, Quanta Diagnóstico e Terapia (QDT), Curitiba, Paraná/PR, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/9528820476331118, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-8478, e-mail: joaovv@cardiol.br
• Klebia Castello Branco, Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará/CE, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/1030234790702358, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6201-3283, e-mail: klebiacb@gmail.com
• Larissa Neto Espíndola, Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/9284798463764302, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7377-2808, e-mail: lara.moc@gmail.com
• Leopoldo Soares Piegas, Fundação Adib Jatene, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia (IDPC/FAJ), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7216727763603511, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-817X, e-mail: lpiegas@cardiol.br
• Marcelo Chiara Bertolami, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3646268777259718, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0801-9729, e-mail: migarcia@cardiol.br
• Marcelo Iorio Garcia, Clínica de Insuficiência Cardíaca, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7760954768490761, e-mail: migarcia@cardiol.br
• Maria Sanali Moura de Oliveira Paiva, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1789554697584994, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6457-3217, e-mail: msanali@yahoo.com
• Marildes Luiza Castro, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1232714420834179, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-8425, e-mail: marildeslu@gmail.com
• Marcio Roberto Moraes de Carvalho, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4351606436882273, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1517-4217, e-mail: carvalhobm@uol.com.br
• Marco Antonio Mota Gomes, Fundação Universitária de Ciências da Saúde Governador Lamenha Filho (UNCISAL), Maceió, AL, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9455157848941046, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6652-1533, e-mail: mamotag@cardiol.br
• Marco Antonio Rodrigues Torres, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1523674807661578, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-9138, e-mail: mtorres@cardiol.br
• Marcus Vinicius Bolivar Malachias, Instituto de Pesquisas e Pós-graduação (IPG), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4634557843509706, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8171-3920, e-mail: mbolivar@cardiol.br
• Maria Alayde Mendonça Rivera, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2210224565564732, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3322-0459, e-mail: malayde1@uol.com.br
• Maria Cristina Costa de Almeida, Centro Universitário de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7281975125534353, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8471-5745, e-mail: criscal45@gmail.com
• Maria Eliane Campos Magalhães, Departamento de Especialidades Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/1681635418712410, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-1688, e-mail: eliane@cardiol.br
• Mário de Seixas Rocha, Unidade Coronariana, Hospital Português, Salvador, Bahia/BA, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8708630115193918, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3990-715, e-mail: mariorocha@cardiol.br
• Maurício Ibrahim Scanavacca, Unidade Clínica de Arritmia, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.  Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/5016874186391018, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-2275, e-mail: mauricio.scanavacca@gmail.com
• Nadine Oliveira Clausell, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9970661514567460, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3809, e-mail: nclausell@cardiol.br
• Nazareth de Novaes Rocha, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9505627837877587, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0921-8068, e-mail: nazarethrocha@superig.com.br
• Nelson Albuquerque de Souza e Silva, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.  Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/6460447408144781, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8370-5721, e-mail: nasilva@cardiol.br
• Odilson Marcos Silvestre, Hospital Silvestre Santé, Rio Branco, Acre/AC, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3075071723150391, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-7455, e-mail: odilsonms@gmail.com
• Paulo Cesar Brandão Veiga Jardim, Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFGO), Goiânia, Goiás/GO, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2292209583823133, ORCD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-013X, e-mail: fvjardim@terra.com.br
• Ricardo Alkmim Teixeira, Hospital Renascentista, Pouso Alegre, Minas Gerias/MG, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5088508026074935, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-7945, e-mail: ricardo.alkmim@gmail.com
• Ricardo Mourilhe-Rocha, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1235784620655321, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-302X, e-mail: ricardomourilhe@gmail.com
• Ronaldo de Souza Leão Lima, Pós-Graduação em Cardiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8366953938754943, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8071-6516, e-mail: rsleao@cardiol.br
• Salvador Manoel Serra, Setor de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Estadual de Cardiologia Aloysio de Castro (IECAC), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3606-7368, e-mail: sserra@cardiol.br
• Sandra Cristina Pereira Costa Fuchs, Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8705154542003082, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6351-9588, e-mail: scfuchs@cardiol.br
• Sandro Cadaval Gonçalves, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital Moinhos de Vento e Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2764250208103729, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-479X, e-mail: scadaval@gmail.com
• Sayuri Inuzuka, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás/GO, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2753886841761121, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-9991, e-mail: sa.inuzuka@gmail.com
• Solange Amorim Nogueira, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4114143338280079, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-7142, e-mail: solange.nogueira@einstein.br
• Thaís Rocha Salim, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510326450571776, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2606-7460, e-mail: thais.salim@yahoo.com.br
• Vera Maria Cury Salemi, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9665400681066205, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-1810, e-mail: verasalemi@icloud.com
• Wolney de Andrade Martins, Centro de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil. Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/9665898411299816, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-8251, e-mail: wolney_martins@hotmail.com

International

• Amalia Peix, Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Havana, Cuba. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5805-1810, e-mail: atpeix@gmail.com
• Amelia Jiménez-Heffernan, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva – Espanha. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0508-1976, e-mail: ameliam.jimenez.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es
• Ana Carolina do A. H. de Souza, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, EUA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-7542, e-mail: anacahsouza2@gmail.com
• Ana Isabel Venâncio Oliveira Galrinho, Hospital Santa Marta, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4280-4571, e-mail: anaisabelgalrinho@gmail.com
• Ana Maria Ferreira Neves Abreu, Hospital Santa Marta, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-7830, e-mail: olgavalentim@gmail.com
• Ana Teresa Timóteo, Hospital Santa Marta, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-9663, e-mail: ana_timoteo@yahoo.com
• Catarina Isabel Santos de Sousa, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-6283, e-mail: catarinasousacardio@gmail.com
• Daniel Leonardo Piskorz, Sanatorio Británico SA de Rosario, Rosário, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8615-5446, e-mail: daniel.l.piskorz@gmail.com
• Dinesh Reddy Apala, Oklahoma Heart Hospital / Mercy Hospital, Ardmore, Oklahoma, EUA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7555-4348, e-mail: dineshreddykaipu@gmail.com
• Enrique Estrada-Lobato, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Áustria. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-8609, e-mail: E.Estrada-Lobato@iaea.org
• Erick Alexanderson, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-7581, e-mail: alexandersonerick@gmail.com
• Fausto Pinto, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8034-4529, e-mail: faustopin@gmail.com
• Fernando Stuardo Wyss Quintana, Servicios y Tecnología Cardiovascular de Guatemala, Guatemala. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-4692, e-mail: fercada@icloud.com
• Guilherme Vianna e Silva, Texas Heart Institute, Texas, EUA. E-mail:  gvsilva@bcm.edu
• Isabel Carvajal Juárez, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0753-1739, e-mail: estelais.md@gmail.com
• James A. Lang, Des Moines University, Des Moines, EUA. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5179-1434, e-mail: jlang1@iastate.edu
• James P. Fisher, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, Inglaterra. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7851-9222, e-mail: jp.fisher@auckland.ac.nz
• João Augusto Costa Lima, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, EUA.  ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8756-6995, e-mail: jlima@jhmi.edu
• Jorge Manuel dos Santos Ferreira, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5592-6199, e-mail: jorge_ferreira@netcabo.pt 
• Marco Alves da Costa, Centro Hospitalar de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-0612, e-mail: marcocostacard@sapo.pt
• Maria Alexandra Arias Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, México. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5942-4102, e-mail: aariasm@yahoo.com
• Maria João Soares Vidigal Teixeira Ferreira, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8952-8618, e-mail: mjferreira@fmed.uc.pt 
• Martin Koretzky, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5911-9546, e-mail: martinkoretzky@yahoo.com.ar
• Maxima Mendez-Castillo, Centro Médico Cli-Lipid, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9651-916X, e-mail: drammendez18@gmail.com
• Miguel Mendes, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Carnaxide, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-7934, e-mail: miguel.mendes.md@gmail.com
• Nuno Bettencourt, Universidade do Porto, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-7881, e-mail: bettencourt.n@gmail.com 
• Pedro Adragão, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3729-3137, e-mail: padragao@gmail.com
• Raffaele Giubbini, Università degli Studi di Brescia (Unibs), Brescia, Itália. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4275-2799, e-mail: raffaele.giubbini@unibs.it

Original Article: The journal IJCS accepts all types of original cardiovascular research, including research in humans and experimental research. Clinical trials should follow specific recommendations. Note: Meta-analyses will be published as original articles.
Review Article: The editors send out invitations for most reviews. However, high-level studies conducted by authors or groups with previous publications on the subject will be welcome. In this section, any manuscripts whose main author does not have a comprehensive academic or publication background verified by Lattes (CNPQ), PubMed or SciELO will not be accepted. Note: Systematic reviews will be published as review articles.
Viewpoint: It presents the authors’ stance or opinion on a specific scientific theme. This stance or opinion must be sufficiently corroborated by the literature or their personal experience. These aspects will be the basis of the opinion being issued.
Case Report: Any cases including original descriptions of clinical observations or representing the originality of a given diagnosis or treatment or illustrating situations that do not occur very often in the clinical practice, which deserve a deeper understanding and more attention from cardiologists.
Brief Communication: Original experiences whose relevance to the knowledge of a subject justifies the presentation of initial data of small series, or partial data of clinical trials.
Editorial: Subjects or manuscripts critically addressed by a subject-matter specialist. All IJCS editorials are published upon invitation. We will not accept editorials submitted spontaneously.
Short Editorial: Also published upon invitation, it includes comments on original articles published in IJCS with scientific content and opinion from subject-matter specialists.
Letter to the Editor: Correspondence of scientific content related to manuscripts published in IJCS. The authors of the original manuscript will be invited to respond.
Image: Clinical or basic research imaging, or complementary tests showing interesting aspects of imaging methods explaining cardiovascular disease mechanisms and emphasizing relevant aspects of physiopathology, diagnosis or treatment.
Preprints: IJCS accepts manuscripts published on preprint platforms. At the time of submission, authors must provide the name of the server and the link to the preprint publication. If the author of a manuscript under peer review at IJCS wishes to deposit it on a preprint server, they must inform the journal via email at: revistaijcs@cardiol.br. Please read the journal’s Editorial Policy carefully.

Language

IJCS is an English publication. Articles must be submitted in English.
Articles indicated by the journal Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia for evaluation at the IJCS must preferably be in English.

The journal adopts the authorship contribution taxonomy based on the guidelines of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The first author or the corresponding author must declare the contribution of all coauthors according to the types of participation listed below:

1. Conception and design of the research.
2. Data acquisition.
3. Data analysis and interpretation.
4. Statistical analysis.
5. Funding acquisition.
6. Manuscript drafting.
7. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

This declaration must be completed along with the Mandatory Publication Form and will be published at the end of the article.

For submission, the author must prepare the following files: Main Document, Title Page, Mandatory Publication Form, Cover Letter, and other files when necessary: figures, videos, tables, and supplementary material.

Original Article:

The Main Document must contain the following items:

1 - Title Page

It should includ:

• Full title of the work (up to 150 characters, including spaces), concise and descriptive, in Portuguese.
• Full title in English (up to 150 characters, including spaces).
• Short title (up to 50 characters, including spaces) to be used in the header of the other pages of the article.
• Three to five descriptors (keywords), along with their translations into English keywords (descriptors). Keywords should be checked on the following websites: http://decs.bvs.br/ (which contains terms in Portuguese, Spanish, and English) or www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh (for terms in English only).
• Manuscript word count.

2-  Abstract  

• Abstract of up to 250 words.
• Structured into five sections:
  • Background (rationale for the study);
  • Objectives;
  • Methods (brief description of the methodology employed);
  • Results (only the main and most significant);
  • Conclusions (succinct sentence(s) with interpretation of the data).  
  • It is requested not to cite references in the abstract.
  • It is requested to include absolute numbers of the results together with their statistical significance proven through the p-value, percentage, and other analysis methods. Data without duly proven statistical significance will not be accepted (e.g., "the measurement increased, decreased," etc.).

3- Body of the Article
It should be divided into five sections: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusions.

• Introduction:
  • We suggest not exceeding 350 words.
  • Provide a description of the background and rationale of the study, justifying it based on the literature and highlighting the scientific gap that led you to conduct the investigation and why.
  • In the last paragraph, emphasize the primary and secondary objectives of the study, based on the scientific gap to be investigated.
• Methods:
  • Describe in detail how the subjects of the observational or experimental research were selected (patients or experimental animals, including the control group, if applicable), including age and sex.
  • The definition of race should be used when possible and must be clear and relevant to the topic explored.
  • Identify the equipment and reagents used (including manufacturer name, model, and country of manufacture, when appropriate) and provide details of the procedures and techniques used so that other researchers can reproduce your data.
  • Describe the methods employed in detail, explaining their purposes as well as their capabilities and limitations.
  • Describe all drugs and medications used, including doses and routes of administration.
  • Describe the protocol used (interventions, outcomes, allocation methods, masking, and statistical analysis).
  • For studies involving human subjects, indicate whether the work was approved by an Ethics Committee, whether patients signed informed consent forms, and if the study complies with Resolution 466/2012.
  • Describe the statistical methods used to obtain the results and justify their use.
• Results:
  • Should be clearly presented, subdivided into items where possible, and supported by a moderate number of graphs, tables, charts, and figures. Avoid redundancy when presenting data, such as repeating information both in the text and in tables.
  • It is extremely important that statistical significance is duly demonstrated.
• Discussion: Should relate directly to the proposed topic when analyzed in light of the literature, highlighting new and important aspects of the study, its implications, and limitations. Comparison with previously published articles in the same research field is important, emphasizing the novelties brought by the current study’s results and their clinical or translational implications. The last paragraph should express conclusions or, if pertinent, recommendations and clinical implications.
• Conclusions: Should directly address the objectives proposed in the study and be strictly based on the data. Conclusions that lack definitive support from the results presented in the article may lead to the article’s outright rejection during peer review. Short and objective sentences should condense the main findings of the article based on the results.
• Please refer to the information about original clinical research articles/clinical trials.

4 - Figures and Tables

• The recommended number of tables and figures for this type of article should be checked in the summary table below.
• Guidelines and further technical details such as format, resolution, and size should be consulted in the Digital Assets section.

5 - References

• IJCS follows the Vancouver Style – Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (www.icmje.org).
• Formatting guidelines and examples can be found in the Digital Assets section.

Title Page Must Contain:

1 - Article and Authorship Information

• Type of manuscript. Example: Original Article.
• Full title of the manuscript, in Portuguese and English.
• Short title.
• Keywords.
• Full names of the authors with complete affiliations.
• ORCID iDs of the authors.

2- Acknowledgments

• This section may include acknowledgments for all sources of support for the research project, as well as individual contributions.
• Each person mentioned in the acknowledgments section must provide a letter authorizing the inclusion of their name, as this may imply endorsement of the data and conclusions.
• Written consent is not required from team members or external collaborators, provided that each person's role is clearly described in the acknowledgments.

Review Article, Viewpoint, Case Report, Brief Communication, Editorial, Letter to the Editor, Image, Short Editorial:

The Main Document must contain the following items:

1 - Title Page

Must include:

• Full title of the work (up to 150 characters, including spaces), written concisely and descriptively in Portuguese.
• Full title in English (up to 150 characters, including spaces).
• Short title (up to 50 characters, including spaces) to be used in the header of the subsequent pages of the article.
• Three to five descriptors (keywords), along with their translations. Keywords must be selected from the following websites:  http://decs.bvs.br/ (for terms in Portuguese, Spanish, and English); www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh (for English terms only).
• Word count of the manuscript.

2 - Resumo: For Review Articles and Brief Communications, include an unstructured abstract with a limit of 250 words.

3 - Main Body of the Article: There is no specific structure required. Authors must respect the word count limit.

4 - Figures and Tables

• The number of tables and figures allowed for this type of article should be checked in the summary table provided below.
• Technical instructions such as format, resolution, and size should be consulted in the Digital Assets section.

5 - Referências bibliográficas

• IJCS follows the Vancouver style – Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (www.icmje.org).
• Formatting guidelines and examples should be consulted in the Digital Assets section.

When preparing the Main Document, it is essential to ensure that the authors' identities remain anonymous. Information related to authorship should appear only on the Title Page, as outlined below.

The Title Page must include:

1- Information about the article and authorship

• Type of manuscript (e.g., Original Article);
• Full title of the work, in Portuguese and English;
• Short title;
• Keywords;
• Full names of the authors with complete affiliations ;
• Authors' ORCID iDs.

2- Acknowledgment

• In this section, it is possible to acknowledge all sources of support for the research project, as well as individual contributions.
• Each person mentioned in the Acknowledgments section must provide a letter authorizing the inclusion of their name, as it may imply endorsement of the data and conclusions.
• Written consent is not required from members of the research team or external collaborators, as long as each individual’s role is clearly described in the acknowledgments.

Summary Table of Article Structure

* Unstructured abstract.
** The electronic word count must include the title, title page, abstract, text, references, figure legends, and table content and legends.

N/A: not applicable

Tables, figures, and videos must be included within the Main Document. In the case of figures and videos, they must also be uploaded as separate files in the appropriate area of the submission system, in JPEG, PNG, or TIFF format. Minimum acceptable resolution: 1,200 dpi for simple black-and-white graphics, 300 dpi for black-and-white photographs, and 600 dpi for color photographs.
The number of tables and figures allowed for each article type can be found in the summary table above.
Tables should be numbered in the order they appear and used only when necessary to aid understanding of the work. Tables should not repeat data already presented in the text. Use the following order for footnote symbols: *, †, ‡, §, //, ¶, #, **, ††, etc. Tables must be edited in Word or a similar program. Authors are encouraged to follow the table and figure formatting standards recommended by ABNT. According to these guidelines, tables should have an open layout, be identified by number and title placed above the table, and the source (even if it is the authors themselves) listed below.
Figures must be submitted with adequate resolution to allow proper review. According to ABNT standards, illustrations must include a designative word (figure or video), a number according to the order of appearance in the text, and a title placed above the image. The source must be cited below. Any abbreviations used in illustrations must be explained in the figure captions.
Approved articles containing videos (e.g., echocardiograms or cineangiography films) must submit them through the submission system in MP4 format.
All abbreviations used in tables and figures must be listed in alphabetical order in the respective footnotes, accompanied by their full forms.

Central Illustration

For original and review articles, submission of a Central Illustration is mandatory. Below are some guidelines that may assist in the preparation of the image:
Purpose of the Central Illustration:

• Resumir a mensagem principal do artigo científico.
• Encourage visualization and promote interdisciplinary research.
• Help readers quickly identify the article’s relevance to their interests.
• Attract the reader’s attention and spark curiosity.
• Not to replace the written article or abstract, but to introduce and briefly summarize the topic.

Ideal Characteristics:

• Self-explanatory: It should be quickly understood by the reader.
• Concise and Direct: Use the minimum number of words and powerful graphics.

Creation Proces:

• Conceptualize: Define the main message and target audience.
• Sketch: Create an initial hand-drawn draft.
• Design: Use graphic design software to assist in production.

Tips for Creating a Graphical Abstract:

• Focus on Uniqueness and Clarity:
• Clear beginning and end.
• Visual indication of the biological context.
• Distinguish figures or model diagrams from the article.
• Emphasize new findings and avoid excessive details.
• Do not include too much data; content should be graphic and visual.
• Keep It Simple:
• Use simple labels and minimal text.
• Highlight one clear process or point.
• Avoid distracting and cluttered elements.
• Sketch First:
• Make hand-drawn sketches to organize ideas.
• Prefer illustrations and visual icons.
• Visually arrange elements and avoid overcrowding.
• Design Software:
• Use tools like PowerPoint if professional software is unavailable.
• Tools such as Canva and Mind the Graph can help produce the figure.
• Characteristics of an Effective Abstract:
• Accurate: Correctly reflects the article content.
• Self-sufficient: Define abbreviations and acronyms.
• Concise and to the Point: Informative and succinct.
• Non-evaluative: Avoid personal comments.
• Coherent and Easy to Read: Clear, legible, and accessible.

Example of a Central Illustration Published in the Journal:

Access to the article: https://ijcscardiol.org/article/association-of-dietary-inflammatory-potential-in-metabolically-healthy-and-metabolically-unhealthy-obese-individuals/

IJCS adopts the Vancouver Style – Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (www.icmje.org).
References must be cited numerically, in the order they appear in the text, and presented as superscripts. If more than two references are cited consecutively, only the first and last should be typed, separated by a dash (e.g., 5-8). In the case of non-consecutive citations, all references should be listed, separated by commas (e.g., 12,19,23). Abbreviations must be defined upon their first appearance in the text.
The reference list should be left-aligned.
Personal communications and unpublished data should not be included in the reference list, but only mentioned in the text and in a footnote on the page where cited.
In the reference list, all authors must be cited if there are six or fewer; if there are more than six authors, list the first six followed by "et al." Journal abbreviations should comply with Index Medicus/Medline standards – as per the publication List of Journals Indexed in Index Medicus or the website http://locatorplus.gov/.
Only citations from indexed journals will be accepted. Cited books must have an ISBN (International Standard Book Number). Abstracts presented at congresses will only be accepted up to two years after the event and must include the phrase "conference abstract" or "abstract" in the reference.
IJCS encourages including the DOI in references, as it provides a permanent link to the electronic article. For articles or texts published online without a DOI, include the full URL and the date the site was accessed.
When a manuscript has been published in a preprint repository and later published as a peer-reviewed article, the official peer-reviewed publication should be cited. Preprints that are critical for the manuscript development or cover important advances but are not yet formally published may be cited.

In addition to the Main Document and Title Page, authors must submit the Mandatory Publication Form and a Cover Letter. Submission of supplementary material is optional, as detailed below.

Mandatory Publication Form

In the Mandatory Publication Form, the corresponding author, or the first author, must declare information regarding:

• Copyright Confirmation;
• Potential Conflict of Interest;
• Ethics Committee Approval (Not applicable to articles whose research does not involve humans, animals, or sensitive data);
• Use of Artificial Intelligence;
• Compliance with Open Science;
• Authors’ Contributions (Not applicable for Editorials, Letters to the Editor, Scientific Letters, and Mini-editorials).

What must be declared in each field:

COPYRIGHTS: The corresponding author must declare that the article is original, does not infringe copyrights or any other proprietary rights of third parties, and has not been submitted for publication to any other journal. All manuscripts published by the journal remain the permanent property of the authors, with the journal holding the right of first publication and the right to display, store, copy, and reuse the content.

POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Potential conflicts of interest include any relationship an author has, directly or indirectly, through the institution promoting the research, with companies that could potentially benefit from the study’s results.
For this reason, all authors must declare any relationships with industry or other relevant entities—whether financial or otherwise—that may represent a conflict of interest related to the submitted article within the last two years. All relevant industry relationships, academic affiliations, and funding sources for the work must be declared in the form, as well as all institutional affiliations of the authors (including corporate commitments). This includes societies in general, such as consulting, stock ownership, other equity interests, or patent licensing agreements.
The following types of relationships are considered potentially conflicting and must be declared if, in the last two years, any author:  

• Has received consultancy fees, honoraria for lectures, writing, or any other paid services from the product manufacturer.
• Has received support from the product manufacturer (research funds, provision of equipment, drugs, manpower) related to the study under review or another project involving the same product.
• Has received support from the product manufacturer to attend congresses.
• Has held shares in the product manufacturer.
• Had the product manufacturer involved in data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript drafting.
• Is employed by a company that may directly or indirectly benefit from the study’s results.

ETHICS COMMITTEE: For studies involving human subjects or animals, the corresponding author must declare the name of the Research Ethics Committee, approval number, and date in the form, and upload the Ethics Committee approval document whenever possible.

USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: The corresponding author must declare any use of generative AI in the scientific writing at the time of submission. See the item “Use of Artificial Intelligence” and refer to the journal’s Ethics Policy.

OPEN SCIENCE COMPLIANCE: The corresponding author must report on the manuscript’s compliance with Open Science communication practices. Authors are asked to specify: (a) whether the manuscript is a preprint and, if so, its location; and (b) whether data, program codes, and other materials underlying the manuscript are properly cited and referenced.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS: The corresponding author must declare the contribution of all co-authors according to the types of participation below:

• Conception and design of the research.
• Data acquisition.
• Data analysis and interpretation.
• Statistical analysis.
• Funding acquisition.
• Manuscript drafting.
• Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

This form must be completed and submitted at the time of submission. These declarations will be published at the end of the article.

Cover Letter

The Cover Letter must be included in the specific field of the submission system and can also be sent separately. In the letter, the author should explain the reasons why IJCS was chosen for submission, highlighting the scientific contributions of the manuscript to the addressed topic.

Supplementary Material

The journal accepts the submission of supplementary materials relevant to the understanding of the article. Supplementary material must be submitted together with the manuscript, clearly identified (e.g., Table S1, Figure S1, Video S1) and cited in the main text.
All supplementary materials will undergo peer review. After publication, the supplementary files will be available only in the online version of the article, under the same license as the main manuscript. Authors are responsible for the content, ensuring ethical and technical compliance.

In the Mandatory Publication Form, under the item Potential Conflict of Interest, the corresponding author or the first author must inform the sources of funding for the research: research funding agencies, non-profit organizations and institutions, personal funding, private sponsorship, etc.

It is necessary to disclose all sponsors involved in the work, including institutions, organizations, or individuals who have provided financial or other support. When applicable, contract numbers or other specific references related to the funding received should be provided. Additionally, the role of each funding source in the development of the study must be clearly described, which may include contributions to the project design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, manuscript writing, or the decision to submit the article for publication.

Access and Submission

To submit your article, access https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/ijcs-scielo and register as an author. If you already have a reviewer login, use the same access. It is extremely important to link your ORCiD number (Open Researcher and Contributor ID). ORCiD is a unique, free, and persistent digital identifier that distinguishes one academic/researcher from another and solves the problem of ambiguity and similarity of author and individual names by replacing name variations with a single numeric code. To register your ORCiD ID, visit: https://orcid.org/register.
Please carefully read the previous sections: Article Submission Format, Digital Assets, Citations and References, and Supplementary Material for preparing the files to be submitted.
Follow the steps below to submit your article:

Guidelines for Reporting Health Research

To ensure transparency, methodological quality, and reproducibility of published studies, IJCS adopts international recommendations for reporting health research. Authors must follow specific guidelines according to the type of study submitted.
Examples of some recognized guidelines include:

• CONSORT for randomized clinical trials.
• STROBE for observational studies (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional).
• PRISMA for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
• STARD for diagnostic accuracy studies.
• SQUIRE for quality improvement reports.
• ARRIVE for animal model studies.
• CARE for case reports.
• MOOSE for observational epidemiological studies.
• CHEERS for economic evaluations.

The complete list of recommended guidelines is available on the EQUATOR Network portal. Compliance with these standards is part of the editorial process and may be requested by the editorial team or reviewers during manuscript evaluation.

Statistical Guidelines

The appropriate use of statistical methods, as well as their clear and detailed description, is essential for publication in the IJCS. Below, we provide general guidance to authors regarding the information that should be included in the manuscript concerning statistical analysis.

1- Sample
The population of interest and the procedures adopted for defining the study sample should be described in detail, including inclusion and exclusion criteria, when applicable. In the absence of formal selection criteria, it should be explicitly stated that the sample was defined by convenience (non-probabilistic sampling).

2- Methods – Statistical Analysis
Within the Methods section, a specific subsection dedicated to the description of the statistical analysis should be included, covering the following aspects:

• Presentation of variables:

Continuous variables with normal distribution should be presented as mean and standard deviation. Variables with non-normal distribution should be expressed as median and interquartile ranges. The assessment of distribution normality should be described, including the statistical test used. Categorical variables should be described as absolute numbers and percentages, accompanied by their respective confidence intervals.

• Statistical methods:

The statistical tests used should be clearly described, as well as their appropriateness for the variable types and data distribution. For more complex methods, citation of appropriate references is recommended. When applicable, the criteria for including variables in multivariate models should be described.

• Type of test:

Statistical tests should preferably be two-tailed (two-sided).

• Significance level:

The significance level adopted in the study should be explicitly stated.

• Multiple comparisons:

When multiple comparisons are performed, the application of appropriate adjustment methods should be considered.

• Missing data:

The handling of missing data, when present, should be described.

• Statistical software:

The software used for the analyses, including the version, should be reported.

3- Presentation of Results
When presenting the results derived from statistical analyses, the following is recommended:

• Report the main findings together with their respective confidence intervals and, whenever possible, measures of effect size;
• Avoid repeating in the text data already presented in tables and figures;
• Prioritize the use of graphical representations instead of excessively long tables whenever possible;
• Present p-values exactly, even when non-significant (e.g., p = 0.29), avoiding expressions such as “NS.”

4- Use of Artificial Intelligence
The use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools in conducting statistical analyses must be explicitly declared in the manuscript. When applicable, authors should clearly and objectively describe the type of tool used, its purpose in the analytical process, and its level of involvement in the analysis workflow, including any limitations.
The submission must include an adequate description of the methods employed, technical justification for the use of AI compared with traditional statistical approaches, and information regarding the software, algorithms, and parameters used.
It is recommended that results be presented in a reproducible manner, with data, codes, or sufficient procedural descriptions made available to allow verification by third parties, when necessary.
The use of AI tools does not replace the authors’ responsibility for methodological integrity, the accuracy of results, and the scientific interpretation of findings, which remain entirely with the authors.

Exclusive Submission

Manuscripts will be considered for review only if they are not under consideration by other publications and provided that the data presented have not been previously published (including symposia, presentation materials, proceedings, books, invited articles, and preliminary publications of any kind, except abstracts of up to 500 words). As previously stated, the journal accepts articles made available on preprint platforms, and copyright remains exclusively with the authors, with the journal holding exclusive rights for first publication. All published articles are licensed under the CC-BY license.

Peer Review

IJCS employs a double-blind peer review system, meaning that the reviewers will not have access to the identity of the author(s), and the author(s) will not have access to the identity of the reviewer(s). Upon initial submission, the manuscript is reviewed by the editorial team for compliance with the journal’s style and to ensure the article is clear and readable for reviewers and editors. After this preliminary check, the manuscript is forwarded to the Editor-in-Chief, who then assigns it to an Associate Editor. The Associate Editor determines whether the manuscript should be sent for peer review or if it does not align with the priorities of IJCS. All reviewers and editors are asked to disclose any potential conflicts of interest; if any are identified, the manuscript is reassigned to a different editor or reviewer. Manuscripts are subjected to statistical review whenever necessary. After at least two peer reviews are completed, the manuscript is reviewed by the Associate Editor and the Editor-in-Chief, who will decide among one of six possible outcomes. Reviewers have 30 days to evaluate the manuscript.

• Accept: The article is accepted for publication in its current form. However, minor changes may be made by medical editors, illustrators, or the editorial team, in which case the authors will need to coordinate with the appropriate contacts to ensure these changes are incorporated after acceptance.
• Minor Revision: It should be emphasized that this decision does not guarantee acceptance. However, this decision indicates that less significant changes are needed compared to major revision cases. Authors have 15 days to make the requested changes.
• Major Revision: In this case, more substantial changes are required. Authors have 30 days to make the requested changes. It should be emphasized that this decision does not guarantee acceptance.
• Reject and Resubmit: The article is unacceptable for publication in its current form. However, editors are willing to reconsider a thoroughly revised manuscript. Authors must respond to all reviewer and editor comments, and the manuscript will be re-evaluated and treated as a new submission.
• Reject: The article is unacceptable for publication and/or does not fit the scope of IJCS.

If the article is accepted, the journal will include the name of the editor responsible for its evaluation.
The responsibility for the content of the journal and the articles lies with the authors and editors, according to the agreements established between the parties.

Approval

Acceptance will be based on originality, significance, and scientific contribution to the field.
The final formatted versions (Portuguese and English) will be sent to the author, who must return them within 5 days with minimal orthographic corrections. If the author does not respond within 5 days, these versions will be considered final for publication.

Publication

After author approval, the versions are sent for indexing, during which the DOI is generated along with XML versions for indexing in major databases. The article will be assigned to a volume and issue and made available electronically on the journal’s website (in PDF and HTML formats).
All published articles must have a DOI number.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism Policy

Cases of plagiarism are not accepted by IJCS. Plagiarism compromises the true meaning of Science. Plagiarism is defined as instances when an author attempts to use another’s work as if it were their own. Another form of plagiarism is self-plagiarism or duplication: this occurs when an author reuses considerable parts of their previously published work without proper references. Plagiarism is characterized as scientific misconduct and must be treated as such. When plagiarism is detected at any stage before publication, the editorial team will take appropriate measures in accordance with the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). For more information, visit: http://www.publicationethics.org.
IJCS uses iThenticate software to verify the originality of submitted content prior to publication. iThenticate compares submitted manuscripts against millions of published research papers and billions of texts available on the web. Authors, researchers, and freelancers can also use iThenticate to check their work before submission by accessing http://www.ithenticate.com.

Plagiarism Detection Before Publication

The editors of IJCS will carefully evaluate any suspected cases of plagiarism. If plagiarism is detected before publication, the author(s) will be informed and asked to rewrite the content or properly cite the sources from which the content was obtained. If more than 25% plagiarism is detected in the article, it will be rejected and the authors will be notified.

How Are Plagiarism Cases Checked?

All submitted articles are checked with online tools to detect plagiarism both after submission and before the review process begins.

How Are Plagiarism Cases Handled?

Articles in which plagiarism is detected are handled according to the extent of plagiarism:
10-25% plagiarism: the article is sent back to the author for content revision without entering the review process.
More than 25% plagiarism: the article will be rejected without entering the review process. Authors are advised to revise and resubmit the article.

Plagiarism Detection After Publication

If plagiarism is detected after IJCS has published the article, we will contact the author's institution and the funding agencies.
If misconduct is confirmed, IJCS will publish a statement providing a link to the original document, indicating the plagiarism, and supplying references to the plagiarized material. In severe cases (more than 50% plagiarism), the article will be formally withdrawn.

Publication Fee

As of 04/01/2024, IJCS will implement a publication fee for the first author of the approved article according to the following conditions:

• • If the first author, whether national or international, is not a member of SBC; or
  • If the first author is a member but is in arrears.

The first author, whose SBC membership is current at the time of article approval, will be exempt from any payment.
It is emphasized that no fee will be charged at the time of article submission, only after approval.

Articles submitted before the date mentioned above will not incur any charges; only those submitted after this date.
Authors invited by the journal to write a certain type of article (e.g., short editorials, editorials, letter to the editor, etc.) will be exempt from any payment.

Rates and Payment:

* For residents outside Brazil, the amount will be converted to dollars based on the exchange rate of the day.

After article approval, the editorial secretary will contact the first author if payment is required, providing the link for fee payment. The article will only proceed to editorial production upon payment. Current members will have their articles automatically forwarded for editorial production.

Sociedade Brazileira de Cardiologia – Av. Marechal Câmara, 160 / 330 – Centro. Postal Code 20020-907 – Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil – Telefones: (55+21) 3478-2782 / 99386-3961, e-mail: revistaijcs@cardiol.br