The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet., ISSN 1806-9339) is a continuous scientific publication of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations (FEBRASGO). It is aimed at obstetricians, gynecologists and professionals in related fields with the purpose of publishing research results on relevant topics in Gynecology, Obstetrics, and related areas. We welcome national and international contributions. The journal accepts submissions only in English.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia follows the Open Access model, allowing unrestricted virtual access (including financial restrictions) to all scientific texts published by the journal.

Open access is the condition in which the copyright holder of an academic work grants usage rights to third parties using an open license (Creative Commons Attribution, CC-BY). Immediate free access to the work is allowed, authorizing any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

The journal fully adheres to the principles of open science. However, open research data will be the responsibility of the authors, who must make it available upon request or justify the reasons for maintaining partial or complete data.

Authors are encouraged to deposit all versions of their work in an institutional or thematic repository.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia is committed to open science initiatives and offers reviewers and corresponding authors the right to disclose their identities by using the Open Science Compliance Form.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia is committed to high standards of ethical behavior in its management and editorial practices with an emphasis on relationships with authors and, especially, in the evaluation of their manuscripts, in accordance with procedures established by international institutions such as the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing, recommended by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Vision: To be the leading international journal for research in Gynecology and Obstetrics, recognized worldwide as an essential reference in the field. The journal serves as a vital platform for disseminating Brazilian and international scientific research in Gynecology and Obstetrics. It also functions as a key reference for the training of undergraduate and postgraduate students, residents, and in the scientific development of preceptors and researchers in the field.

Mission: The journal’s mission is to advance Brazilian research in Gynecology and Obstetrics and become a facilitator for the dissemination of findings that improve women’s care and quality of life.

Values: The journal’s values will always be innovation and a commitment to quality, as well as respect for research ethics and the patient.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia follows the standards defined in the Digital Preservation Policy of the SciELO Program.

• PubMed/Medline
• Web of Science
• Journal Citation Reports
• Scopus
• SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library on-line
• Lilacs –Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature

• Journal title: Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
• Variant title: RBGO: Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
• Abbreviated title: Rev. Bras. Gynecol. Obstet.
• Publication by: Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
• Frequency: Annual
• Publication modality: Continuous Publication (CP)
• Year of journal creation: 1979

• Home Page: https://journalrbgo.org/
• Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/febrasgo
• Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/febrasgooficial/

Responsibilities of the Editor-in-Chief (EIC)

• Ensure the journal’s publication within the established deadlines.
• Ensure the quality of selected texts aligns with readers’ interests.
• Establish the policy for manuscript submission, peer review, reviews, and resubmission.
• Ensure that articles are reviewed and accepted solely on the basis of scientific merit and not based on any influence, whether commercial or personal.
• Maintain transparency throughout the manuscript review and editing process.
• Investigate all complaints and/or questions related to submissions to the journal, whether accepted or not, and provide authors with the opportunity to respond whenever necessary.
• Provide input to the journal’s editorial board members to define the types of publication and selection criteria for manuscripts accepted by the journal.
• Develop policies and procedures to attract the highest-quality scientific manuscripts;
• Examine the journal’s graphic proofs, ensuring their quality.
• Adopt procedures that safeguard ethical issues, conflicts of interest, and compliance with the policies adopted by the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations, to which it is affiliated.
• Treat all individuals with respect, impartiality, and without discrimination based on gender identity, race, sexual orientation, religion or political beliefs, or geographic region.
• Maintain impartiality and clarity in the publication of sponsored supplements and/or any other type of sponsorship/funding.
• Ensure open access and describe the journal’s Creative Commons license in all articles.
• Ensure the organization of all documents related to the journal submission process.

Responsibilities of the Associate Editor (AE)

• Receive, read, and evaluate the scientific quality of manuscripts received from the EIC.
• Appropriately select reviewers for manuscripts under their responsibility.
• Expedite reviewers’ progress and maintain the review process within the timeline established by the EIC.
• Analyze reviewers’ opinions and assist them in preparing comments and recommendations to authors.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

• Reviewers are responsible for reviewing the manuscript objectively and fairly.
• Critically analyze manuscripts by offering suggestions for improving their quality and contributing to the decision-making process.
• Maintain the confidentiality of any information provided by the editor.
• Maintain strict confidentiality during the review process. Reviewers should not share information about a manuscript before the review process is completed and the paper has been accepted and published.
• Inform the editor of any similarities between the articles under review and published or ongoing studies that could be considered plagiarism.
• Disclose any potential conflicts of interest (financial, institutional, collaborative, relationships between the reviewer and the author, or other) in the evaluation of the manuscript. If there is any conflict of interest or if the reviewer lacks the necessary expertise for the analysis, the manuscript should be immediately returned to the editor for selection of another reviewer.
• Reviewers must follow the ethical requirements for reviewers recommended by the COPE Ethical Guidelines Peer review.

Responsibilities of the Author(s)

• Attest to the originality of the submitted study and confirm that the article is not being considered or accepted for publication in another journal or other publication.
• Ensure approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the institution where the study was conducted.
• Ensure that studies involving humans or animals comply with national and international requirements and guidelines (Declaration of Helsinki [2013], Declaration on Human and Animal Rights [UNESCO, 1978]). This information must be stated in the manuscript, and the protocol number or exemption status of approved protocols must be stated in the manuscript at the time of submission for review.
• In the case of animal experiments, they must comply with Law nº 11.794 of October 8, 2008, which establishes rules for procedures for the scientific use of animals in Brazil. Provide the registration number corresponding to the research approval report from the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA). International manuscripts must present local ethics documentation to proceed with the submission process. Any manuscript submitted without proof of approval by institutional or local research committees involving experiments on animals or humans will not be reviewed and will be returned to the authors.
• Report potential conflicts of interest in a written statement signed by all authors.
• Inform the journal editor when a major error is found in the study and provide all necessary information for publication correction, erratum, or retraction.
• Provide data records associated with the study when requested by the editor.
• Provide the definitive list of authors and their order at the time of original submission, including the record of authors with the respective Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID).
• Each author must have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for its content. The author may have contributed in a variety of ways: conceptual, intellectual, experimental and analytical, as well as having participated in the writing and review of the manuscript. Final approval of the version to be submitted must be approved and signed by all authors who take responsibility for all aspects of the work (typed or printed names are not acceptable). Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript is accepted and only if approved by the journal editor. When this occurs, the corresponding author must obtain written consent from the other authors, justifying the reason for the change (addition, removal or rearrangement), and submit the request by letter or email (Editorial Office). Only in exceptional circumstances will the editor consider adding, deleting or rearranging authors after the manuscript has been accepted. Submit the request by letter or email, in accordance with COPE guidelines (https://publicationethics.org/resources/flowcharts/changes-authorship-addition-extra-author-publication).
• Keep your author registration up to date with the Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID) at https://orcid.org/signin.
• Meet deadlines for corrections and clarifying responses to questions posed by reviewers.
• Use language that promotes social inclusion. The content of your manuscript should respect your reader and not contain anything that could imply superiority of one individual over the other based on age, sex, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition. Writing should be free of prejudice, stereotypes, slang, references to dominant culture, and/or cultural assumptions. Recognizing diversity conveys respect for all people, is sensitive to differences and promotes equal opportunities.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia accepts manuscripts that have been deposited on a non-commercial preprint server, provided they have not been peer-reviewed by another journal. Submitted manuscripts originating from preprint repositories are required to undergo peer review and receive the definitive DOI (Digital Object Identifier) issued by the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. The inclusion of a DOI is mandatory for all articles.

On the Title Page, the submitting author must indicate if the manuscript is deposited on a preprint server and provide the corresponding DOI, which will be cited in the manuscript if the article is accepted for publication in the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia.

Upon submission, the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia requires authors to complete the Open Science Compliance Form.
Note that submitted manuscripts cannot contain references to articles that have not been published in scientific journals and therefore, have not completed the full peer review process.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia encourages the publication of preprint articles on public platforms such as Preprints ,SciELO Preprints and EmeRI.

Manuscripts submitted to the journal in English are received by the Editorial Office, which checks the required documentation and assesses if the editorial standards contained in the Instructions for Authors have been met. If the process is in compliance, the manuscript is sent to the EIC, who will conduct an initial assessment of the technical and scientific merits of the manuscript submitted for publication. If the EIC concludes that the work meets favorable scientific and technical criteria, the manuscript is forwarded to the AE, who will appoint reviewers (a double-mind process) to evaluate the work. The AE will forward the reviewers’ opinions to the EIC for a final decision, which will then be sent to the authors so they can be informed of the reviewers’ decisions, criticisms, comments and any changes to be made to the manuscript. Authors must resubmit the manuscript with the suggested modifications within the requested deadline. When resubmitting the manuscript, the requested corrections must be highlighted in yellow in the text. In case of disagreement with the criticisms and suggestions, the author should include justifications and observations in the comment boxes. It is important to be assertive and timely with the inquiries, and support the hypothesis with references. Editorial production includes the steps of editing, XML, PDF, and HTML layout, final proofreading by the editor, final check by the technical editor, and submission to the databases.

IMPORTANT! Authors must meet the deadlines, as failure to do so will result in a delay in publication or even the process being archived. Authors may request suspension of the process and withdrawal of the work at any point during the review and editing process, except when the manuscript has already been accepted for publication. The concepts and statements contained in the articles are the responsibility of the authors.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia adopts three peer review modalities:

1. Double-blind review: authors and reviewers remain anonymous.
2. Single-blind review: authors reveal their identities, but reviewers remain anonymous.
3. Open review: authors and reviewers know each other’s identity.

The journal’s standard peer review method is double-blind. As author anonymity cannot be guaranteed in preprints, the review may be single-blind or open. We reiterate that the openness of the peer review process depends on the agreement on identification between the associate editors and the reviewers involved.

The name of the associate editor responsible for the review process is included in the accepted versions of published articles.

IMPORTANT! The presentation of results from animal or clinical research conducted without appropriate approval and written informed consent is considered unethical scientific behavior. Duplicate publication or when results are falsified, fabricated, or plagiarized are also considered unethical. The journal allows partial presentation of data from a manuscript in another publication. However, the author must acknowledge the previous presentation in these cases, along with identification of the source. Disclosure and citation of the original publication are essential. Breaking data, analysis, and presentation of the same research into smaller publications (called “Salami” publication) should be avoided. The authors should acknowledge in their cover letter any similar publications or manuscripts that have been submitted for publication based on the same material.
Brief description of the review process.

The final version of the article, as published in the journal, includes the name of the editor responsible for the peer-review process.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia recommends that all research data be deposited in institutional data repositories – preferably those affiliated with one of the authors - or in other reliable public repositories. This should be done at the time of submission or when the article is published. If authors choose to keep their research data private, the journal will respect their decision. Suggested repositories for depositing research data:

• Guide to promoting openness, transparency and reproducibility of research published by SciELO journals
• Research data citation guide
• List of repositories for depositing research data

At the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, we use SciELO Data: https://data.scielo.org/dataverse/brrbgo

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia does not charge submission, editing or publication fees. The Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations subsidizes the publication of accepted articles.

The journal’s retraction policy is based on the COPE Guide for the registration and publication of retractions (https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines). It describes all procedures for registering and publishing retractions of articles published by scientific journals.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia issues errata only in cases of reconsideration of information related to the methods and results of the published article. Errata are not issued for adjustments to the title, author names, institutional affiliations, author abbreviations, Orcid ID, or acknowledgments and contributions sections. This information should be checked by authors upon receiving the editorial decision and the final PDF of the article for publication attached to the email.

Editors will consider a publication subject to retraction if:

• It is plagiarism;
• It reports unethical research;
• It contains material or data without authorization for use;
• Copyright has been infringed or there is some other serious legal issue (e.g., defamation, breach of privacy).
• There is clear evidence that the results are unreliable, whether due to a major error (e.g., calculation error or experimental error) or the fabrication or falsification of data and/or images; or the findings have been previously published elsewhere without proper attribution to previous sources or disclosure to the Editor, permission for republication, or justification (i.e., cases of redundant publication).
• It was published solely based on a compromised or manipulated peer review process;
• The authors have not disclosed a conflict of interest that, in the Editor’s opinion, could have unduly affected the interpretations of the work or the recommendations of the editors and reviewers.

Retraction notices must:

• Be linked to the retracted article in all versions, whether printed or online;
• Clearly identify the retracted article (e.g., by including the title and authors in the retraction header or by citing the retracted article);
• Be clearly identified as a retraction (i.e., distinct from other types of correction or commentary);
• Be published promptly to minimize harmful effects;
• Be freely available to all readers (i.e., without access barriers or available only to subscribers);
• Inform who is retracting the article;
• State the reason(s) for the retraction;
• Be objective and factual, and avoid aggressive language.

Retractions are generally inappropriate if:

• Authorship is disputed, but there is no reason to doubt the validity of the findings;
• The main conclusions of the paper are still reliable and the correction can sufficiently address the errors or concerns;
• An editor has inconclusive evidence to support the retraction or is awaiting additional information, such as from an institutional investigation;
• The authors’ conflicts of interest were reported to the journal after publication, but in the editor’s opinion, it is unlikely that they have influenced the interpretations, recommendations, or conclusions of the article;
• To track an undisclosed conflict of interest in a published article, the RBGO will follow the flowchart suggested by COPE (DOI: https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.2.7).

At the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, transparency about competing interests is essential to making the best editorial decisions and maintaining reader trust. Therefore, we require all participants in the publication process—authors, reviewers, and editors—to declare any potential conflicts of interest. A declaration stating the absence of any conflict of interest, whether personal, commercial, political, academic, or financial, must be included on the title page. Conflicts of interest may also occur between authors, reviewers, and/or editors. This declaration must be signed by all authors.

Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described has not been previously published, except in the form of an abstract, published lecture, or academic thesis. Scientific misconduct may be suspected upon reviewers’ review of the manuscript. Therefore, the Journal may use additional resources to investigate authors’ unethical conduct and certify the originality or plagiarism of the article. (Example: Crossref Similarity Check, iThenticate, and others). All suspected cases will be initially investigated by the EIC and the Ethics and Professional Defense Committee of the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Associations. The authors will be notified in writing of the allegations and asked to provide information useful for the investigation, including access to all original data, notes, and copies of previous publications. The authors’ institution may also be contacted. The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia adopts the iThenticate/Similarity Check system operated by Crossref.

Transparency: Authors must report the use of artificial intelligence applications and/or assistive technologies on the Title Page.

Attribution: The NAME OF THE TOOL and/or SERVICE and the REASON for using the tool must be provided.

Responsibility: If during the similarity analysis, it is found that the author used an artificial intelligence application and this was not adequately disclosed, the manuscript will automatically be disregarded for publication.

Limitations: Authors should include the limitations and potential biases of using chatbots in the discussion of their manuscripts.

The use of Grammarly or DeepL is permitted to assist in writing the manuscript in English.

For more information, see the Guide to the use of Artificial Intelligence tools and resources in research communication on the SciELO Network.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia follows the guidelines on Sex and Gender Equity in Research – SAGER. They comprise a set of guidelines that guide the reporting of information about sex and gender in study design, data analysis, results, and interpretation of findings.

In accordance with Chapter XII.2 of the Res. CNS 466/2012, research involving human subjects in Brazil must provide the registration number corresponding to the Certificate of Submission for Ethical Assessment (CAAE) or the number of the research approval report (CEP/CONEP) with the Ethics Committee. For manuscripts involving animal experimentation, indicate compliance with Law nº 11.794 of October 8, 2008. It establishes procedures for the scientific use of animals in Brazil, including the registration number corresponding to the research approval report from the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA). International manuscripts must submit local ethics documentation to proceed with the submission process. For case studies, according to Circular Letter 166/2018/CONEP/SECNS/MS of June 12, 2018, case reports must be submitted to Plataforma Brasil and reviewed by the CEP/CONEP. Note that failure to submit or incomplete documentation will result in cancellation of the submission process.

Authors of articles published in the Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia hold the copyright to the article, granting any third party the right to use, reproduce, or disseminate their article under the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0. The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia is an open access journal, and its content is freely available to readers or their institutions at journalrbgo.org. Readers are authorized to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles (or use them for any other lawful purpose) without prior permission from the publisher or author, but must always cite the source. Authors grant the journal the right of first publication under CC BY 4.0 License.

All journal content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons BY license. The online journal is open and free of charge. Authors of articles published in the journal hold the copyright to the article and grant any third party the right to use, reproduce, or disseminate their article under the Creative Commons Attribution CC-BY 4.0 license, but must always cite the source.

• Federação Brasileira das Associações de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

• Jean Claude Nahoum – Rio de Janeiro (1979-1989)
• Clarice do Amaral Ferreira – Rio de Janeiro (1989-1994)
• Sérgio Pereira da Cunha – Ribeirão Preto (1994-1997)
• Jurandyr Moreira de Andrade – Ribeirão Preto (1998-2015)

• Marcos Felipe Silva de Sá, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4813-6404, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1264299192805866, E-mail: marcosfelipe@fmrp.usp.br

• Agnaldo Lopes da Silva Filho, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8486-7861, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6958241665808406, E-mail: agnaldo.ufmg@gmail.com
• Ana Katherine da Silveira Gonçalves de Oliveira, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte/RN, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-5119, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3436756337251449, E-mail: anakatherine_ufrnet@yahoo.com.br
• Andréa Cronemberger Rufino, Universidade Estadual do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí/PI, Brazil, Orcid ID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3799-8313, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9020948537675810, E-mail: andreacrufino@gmail.com
• Andréa Pires Souto Damin, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5246-7388, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3535502508288499, E-mail: adamin@hcpa.edu.br
• Adriana Bittencourt Campaner, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-3019, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0882400090944332, E-mail: abcampaner@terra.com.br
• Antonio Rodrigues Braga Neto, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil,  Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2942-6182, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7557971069321691, E-mail: bragamed@yahoo.com.br
• Cassia Raquel Teatin Juliato, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3197-1195, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2246374748063899, E-mail: cjuliato@unicamp.br
• Cassio Cardoso Filho, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1895-0106, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7317745836035500, E-mail: ccf@unicamp.br
• Conrado Milani Coutinho, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1966-0466, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9114236899040437, E-mail: cmcoutinho@hotmail.com
• Corintio Mariani Neto, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5755-3683, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719911722360494, E-mail: corintiomn@gmail.com
• Cristina Laguna Benetti Pinto, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-5593, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6370163448392194, E-mail: laguna@unicamp.br
• Daniel Guimarães Tiezzi, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2660-0093, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1249884771676480, E-mail: dtiezzi@usp.br
• Diama Bhadra Andrade Peixoto do Vale, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2423-0225, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0080100757098827, E-mail: diamavale@gmail.com
• Edward Araujo Júnior, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-2532, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5590809884662013, E-mail: araujojred@terra.com.br 
• Elaine Christine Dantas Moisés, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-4544, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3488286057756311, E-mail: elainemoises@fmrp.usp.br
• Eliana Aguiar Petri Nahas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0803-8535, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4155170574788417, E-mail: epetri@fmb.unesp.br
• Ênio Luís Damaso, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-1411, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9429868606797359, E-mail: eniodamaso@usp.br
• Fernanda Garanhani de Castro Surita, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-0337, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1955463916442636, E-mail: surita@unicamp.br
• Francisco José Candido dos Reis, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5758-5917, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7917363740516584, E-mail: fjcreis@usp.br
• Gabriel Costa Osanan, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil, Orcid ID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-8745, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1265432361380064, E-mail: osanangc@yahoo.com
• Gustavo Arantes Rosa Maciel, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9097-8528, Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/5658399499746077, E-mail: garmaciel@gmail.com
• Gustavo Salata Romão, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-1067, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4689530923474637, E-mail: gsalata@uol.com.br
• Helena von Eye Corleta, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-737X, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7533522804214190, E-mail: hcorleta@hcpa.edu.br
• Helmer Herren, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7746-3834, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5510591552568546, E-mail: helmerherren@gmail.com
• Hélio Humberto Angotti Carrara, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-2805, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8501964423108319, E-mail: carrara@fmrp.usp.br
• Ilza Maria Urbano Monteiro, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-0564, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3850342002270325, E-mail: ilza@unicamp.br
• José Geraldo Lopes Ramos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3789-885X, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4855524850504285, E-mail: jose.ramos@ufrgs.br
• José Guilherme Cecatti, Universidade de São Paulo, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-8445, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9719769943147183, E-mail: cecatti@unicamp.br
• José Maria Soares Júnior, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-9404, Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/7115064118881203, E-mail: jsoares415@hotmail.com
• Julio Cesar Rosa e Silva, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-1328, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7819653999314901, E-mail: juliocrs@usp.br
• Júlio Cesar Teixeira, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3173-4394, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2416276722663460, E-mail: juliotex@unicamp.br
• Lucia Alves da Silva Lara, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1073-238X, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3574246433641347, E-mail: luciaalvess2010@gmail.com
• Lucia Helena Simões da Costa Paiva, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-6700, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7268850205181193, E-mail: paivaepaiva@uol.com.br
• Luciano de Melo Pompei, Centro Universitário FMABC, Santo André, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7084-037X, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1254679242941516, E-mail:  luciano.pompei@fmabc.net
• Luiz Carlos Zeferino, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-0971, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1162998179512942, E-mail: zeferino@unicamp.br
• Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid Id: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-4718, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0402956055809744, E-mail: lbrito@usp.br
• Marcos Nakamura Pereira, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-0205, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9449960742334833, E-mail: mnakamurapereira@gmail.com
• Marcos Masaru Okido, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-9761, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5915321013293271, E-mail: mokido@hcrp.usp.br
• Maria Celeste Osório Wender, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-4605, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8728272757236642, E-mail: mceleste@ufrgs.br
• Maria Laura Costa do Nascimento, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-3234, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8857080727020860, E-mail: mlaura@unicamp.br
• Mário Dias Corrêa Júnior, Universidade Federal de Mina Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4198-0546, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0769544701692080, E-mail: correajr@gmail.com
• Mila de Moura Behar Pontremoli Salcedo, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6375-0736, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7549326744888999, E-mail: mila_pontremoli@yahoo.com.br
• Omero Benedicto Poli Neto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0270-5496, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/8855271776749181, E-mail: polineto@fmrp.usp.br
• Patrícia El Beitune, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul/RS, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-0690, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1311576304543647, E-mail: pbeitune@yahoo.com.br
• Paula Andrea de Albuquerque Salles Navarro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2368-4188, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/4274059403069528, E-mail: drapaulanavarro@gmail.com
• Raquel Autran Coelho Peixoto, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza/CE, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-2779, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2859195772390069 , E-mail: raquelautrancp@gmail.com
• Ricardo Carvalho Cavalli, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-4914, Lattes:  http://lattes.cnpq.br/3555392212156269, E-mail: rcavalli@fmrp.usp.br
• Ricardo Mello Marinho, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/MG, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-937X, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1059986304197727, E-mail: ricardommarinho@gmail.com
• Rosana Maria dos Reis, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-4167, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6696158100692007, E-mail: romareis@fmrp.usp.br
• Rossana Pulcineli Vieira Francisco, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-8069, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/9335253053250984, E-mail: rossana.francisco@hc.fm.usp.br
• Rosiane Mattar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-5371, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1993353561775961, E-mail: rosiane.mattar@unifesp.br
• Rodrigo de Aquino Castro, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-7363, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6590913930590292, E-mail: rodrigo.castro@uol.com.br
• Rogério Bonassi Machado, Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, Jundiaí, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9361-0905, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/5212042997342761, E-mail: rbonassi@me.com
• Silvana Maria Quintana, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-786X, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/6723353746838236, E-mail: quintana@fmrp.usp.br
• Sophie Françoise Mauricette Derchain, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1029-9993, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/2585985788279780, E-mail: sophie.derchain@gmail.com
• Sue Yazaki Sun, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6573-7386, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3253295555494164, E-mail: sueysun@gmail.com
• Valéria Cristina Sandrim, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo/SP, Brazil, Orcid ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6168-7470, Lattes: http://lattes.cnpq.br/3195320703356067, E-mail: valeria.sandrim@unesp.br

Editorial Coordinator

• Bruno Henrique Sena Ferreira

Technical Editor 

• Edna Terezinha Rother

Layout Editor

• Adriano Aguina

Library

• Maria Cristina Ferreira Manduca

Material submitted for review cannot have been simultaneously submitted for publication in other journals or previously published. Manuscripts for publication are selected based on originality, relevance to the topic, appropriateness, innovation and interestingness, quality of methodology used, and compliance with the journal’s editorial standards.

The Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia publishes articles exclusively in English, in the following categories:

Original Article: complete prospective, experimental, or retrospective papers. Manuscripts containing results from original clinical or experimental research are prioritized for publication (note if checklist is appropriate to the study methodology).

Randomized clinical trials: CONSORT

Observational studies: STROBE

Qualitative studies: COREQ

Preclinical animal studies: ARRIVE

Case report or case series: These studies are of interest if well documented from a clinical and laboratory perspective and should contain new or unexpected aspects in relation to previously published cases. Authors should indicate this information in the cover letter. The report must comply with Circular Letter 166/2018/CONEP/SECNS/MS of June 12, 2018 as mentioned in Required Documents.

The text of the Introduction and Discussion sections should be based on an updated literature review (CARE Guidelines).

Scoping review: This type of manuscript explores the main concepts of the topic in question, assessing the size, scope and nature of the studies, condensing and publishing the data, and highlighting gaps in existing research. In this modality, authors must follow and submit the Template for Scoping Review of the JBI Scoping Review Network and the OSF registry.

Systematic review: This is a review designed to answer a specific question using a systematic methodology to identify, select and critically evaluate published studies, and analyze the data to be included. Meta-analysis: Statistical methods (meta-analysis) may (or may not) be used in the analysis and synthesis of the results of the included studies. In this modality, authors must follow and submit the PRISMA checklist and register with PROSPERO.

Letters to the Editor: Covering editorial or non-editorial matters, but presenting relevant information to the reader. Letters may be summarized by the editorial team, but the main points remain. In the case of criticisms or comments on published works, the letter is sent to the authors of the cited article so that their response can be published simultaneously. All data presented in the letter must be fully citable and cited in the supporting reference list (unpublished data should not be described in the letter).

Editorial: Only by invitation of the editor.

According to the scientific authorship criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), authors should be considered those who: a) Contributed to the conception, design, data collection, or analysis and interpretation of data; b) Wrote the article or critically reviewed it for relevant intellectual content; and c) Approved the final version to be published. Administrative positions are not considered criteria for authorship and when applicable, should appear only in the acknowledgments section. Individual contributions should be listed on the Title Page.

To ensure transparency regarding each co-author’s contribution to the manuscript, individual contributions must be presented according to the terms defined by CRedit, available at http://credit.niso.org/.

When submitting a manuscript to the journal, please attach the documents listed below to the ScholarOne submission platform (https://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/rbgo-scielo):

• Open Science Compliance Form (Template);
• In accordance with Chapter XII.2 of CNS Resolution No. 466/2012, in Brazil, research involving human beings must provide the registration number for the Certificate of Submission for Ethical Assessment (CAAE) or the number of the research approval report (CEP/CONEP) from the Ethics Committee. In the case of manuscripts involving animal experimentation, it must be indicated if the study complies with Law No. 11,794 of October 8, 2008, which establishes procedures for the scientific use of animals in Brazil, and the registration number for the research approval report from the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA). International manuscripts must present local ethics documentation to proceed with the submission process;
  For case studies, according to Circular Letter 166/2018/CONEP/SECNS/MS of June 12, 2018, case reports must be submitted to Plataforma Brasil and reviewed by the CEP/CONEP.
• Note that failure to submit or incomplete documentation will result in cancellation of the submission process.
• Cover Letter: This should be written to justify publication. Authors should be identified with their Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier(ORCID), affiliation and their intended publication. The corresponding author's qualification/degree should be included;
• Checklist Equator of the study methodology (if applicable);
• Main Document (indicate the title and sections of the manuscript);
• Title Page.

(Title Page): Include the manuscript title, authors’ full names (if compound surnames create clear identification [uppercase, bold, and/or hyphen]), institutional affiliations, ORCID per author (required), acknowledgments, individual contributions, preprint DOI (if applicable), and the corresponding author’s full name and email address. Provide information about the articles’ funding. Clearly mention authors who are undergraduate students. If the lead author is an undergraduate student, always indicate the co-author, who is the research tutor/advisor. This co-author should be the corresponding author of the work.

Declaration stating that the research was approved by an institutional ethics committee.

1. Title: When writing a scientific article, the researcher must pay attention to the title, which is the calling card of any publication. It should be carefully crafted and preferably written only after the article is finalized. A good title should adequately describe the manuscript’s content. It generally is not a sentence, since it does not contain a subject, but rather arranged verbs and objects. Abbreviations, chemical formulas, adjectives, names of cities and institutions should be avoided in titles. The title of manuscripts submitted to the journal should contain a maximum of 18 words.
2. Abstract: The abstract should provide the context or basis for the study and establish the study objectives, basic procedures of the methodology used, as well as the main results and conclusions. It should emphasize new and important aspects of the study or observations. As abstracts are the only substantive part of the article indexed in many electronic databases, they should accurately reflect the article’s content and highlight the most important points. Abbreviations, symbols, or references should not be used in the abstract. For original articles originating from clinical trials, authors should include the registration number at the end of the abstract. Types of Abstracts: Abstracts may vary depending on the manuscript category and should be structured in the following ways:

   a) Structured abstract for original articles

   Abstracts of original articles submitted to the journal must be structured into four sections and contain a maximum of 350 words.

   Objective: What was done; the question posed by the researcher.

   Methods: How it was done; the method, including the material used to achieve the objective.

   Results: What was found, the main finding; if necessary, secondary findings.

   Conclusion: What was concluded; the answer to the question posed.

   b) Structured abstract for a systematic review article

   Among the items to be included are the objective of the review and the question posed, data sources, the study selection and data collection procedures, the results and conclusions. Abstracts of systematic review articles submitted to the journal must be structured into six sections and contain a maximum of 350 words.

   Objective: State the main objective of the article.

   Data sources: Describe the data sources examined, including dates, indexing terms, and limitations.

   Study selection: Specify the number of studies reviewed and the criteria used in their selection.

   Data collection: Summarize the procedure used in data extraction and how it was used.

   Data synthesis: Present the main results of the review and the methods employed to obtain them.

   Conclusions: Indicate the main conclusions and their clinical utility.

   c) Unstructured abstract for scoping review articles

   It should contain the essence of the article, covering the purpose of mapping the literature on a given topic or research area, the method, the results, and the conclusions or recommendations. Provide sufficient detail for the reader to decide whether to read the entire text (word limit: 350).
3. Keywords:
   The keywords of a scientific paper indicate the thematic content of the text they represent. The main objectives of these terms are the identification of the thematic content, the indexing of the work in databases, and the rapid location and retrieval of the content. The keyword systems used by the journal are DeCS (Health Sciences Descriptors – Lilacs Indexer) and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings – MEDLINE-PubMed Indexer). Please choose five descriptors that represent your work on these platforms.

Main Text Introduction: This part of the article prepares the reader to understand the study and rationale for its development. It should include the current state of knowledge on the topic and the rationale for the research, offering only strictly relevant and up-to-date references. The content reported in this section should provide context or basis for the study, that is, the nature of the problem and its importance, and state the specific purpose, research objective, or hypothesis tested in the study or observation. The research objective is the final part of the introduction, and both the primary and secondary objectives should be clear. Any analyses in a pre-specified subgroup should be described. Do not include data or conclusions from the work being reported in the introduction section.

Methods: The aim of this section of a scientific paper is to present the study clearly and concisely so that it is understandable and replicable. It should state how, when, and where the study was conducted. Methods encompass the material and procedures adopted in the study to answer the central research question. Structure the Methods section by beginning with the study design; the research setting (location and time period); participants; data collection; the intervention to be evaluated (if any) and the alternative intervention; the statistical methods employed; and the ethical aspects of the research. When writing the study design, consider if it is appropriate for achieving the research objective, if data analysis reflects the design and if the expected results were achieved using that specific design to research the topic.

Results: The aim is to present the findings of the study. These are the original data obtained and synthesized by the author to provide an answer to the research question. Present the results in logical sequence in the text, tables and illustrations, mentioning the most important findings first. Whenever appropriate, indicate the statistical significance of the results. Do not repeat all the information from the tables or illustrations in the text; emphasize or summarize only important observations. Additional or supplementary materials and technical details can be placed in an appendix, where they will be accessible but will not interrupt the flow of the text. In the results section, when data are summarized, present the numbers not only in derived values (e.g., percentages), but also in absolute values from which the derivatives were calculated, and specify the statistical methods used to analyze them. Use only the tables and figures necessary to explain the work’s argument and assess its basis. When scientifically appropriate, data analyses with variables such as age and sex should be included. Do not exceed the maximum limit of five tables, five charts, or five figures. Tables, charts and/or figures should be included in the body of the manuscript and do not count towards the 4,000-word limit. For clarification on figure resolution, please visit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/pub/filespec-images/

Discussion: In this section, emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions derived from them. Do not repeat data or other information presented in the introduction or results sections in detail. For experimental studies, it is helpful to begin the discussion by briefly summarizing the main findings, comparing and contrasting the results with those of other relevant studies, stating the study’s limitations, and exploring the implications of the findings for future research and clinical practice. Avoid claiming precedence and alluding to incomplete work. Do not discuss data that are not directly related to the results of the presented research. Propose new hypotheses when justified, but clearly qualify them as such. In the last paragraph of the Discussion section, state which information in your work contributes relatively to the advancement of new knowledge.

Conclusion: This section aims to relate the conclusions and objectives of the study. Authors should avoid making unsubstantiated statements and conclusions that are not adequately supported by their data. Authors should particularly avoid making statements about economic benefits and costs unless their original work includes economic analyses and appropriate data.

Tables and Figures: Tables and figures should be inserted after their respective citations in the body of the text. All tables and figures should be numbered sequentially in the text. Tables should preferably be prepared in MS Excel® or an editable format. Units of measurement should be listed in the body of the table, and statistical tests, abbreviations and symbols used in the body of the table should be indicated in the caption. Tables should have explanatory titles of the results, allowing for understanding without consulting the text. Figures should be submitted in JPG, GIG, or TIF files with 300 DPI resolution. Figures requiring higher resolution should be submitted in separate files. Reproductions of figures, graphs, diagrams, or tables that do not originally belong to the article must include attribution in accordance with the publication policies of the original source. Table information should be included in n (%) in the aggregated format:

n(%)

10(15)

20(4,5)

7(10)

Formatting guidelines: Format the manuscript according to Vancouver Style. Citations should appear in the text after the period (RBGO uses numerical citations), in superscript, in parentheses, with no space after the last word. Sequential citations should be separated by a dash (4-10). Multiple citations should be separated by a comma (1, 8, 10, 12). Sequential citations with only two citations should be separated by a comma (5, 6). Manuscripts submitted to the journal must be a maximum of 4,000 words. Tables, charts, and figures in the Results section, as well as References, are not counted.

Citations and References: For manuscripts submitted to the journal, authors should number references in the order they appear in the text. Select the most relevant references for each statement, giving preference to the most recent work (within the last five years). Do not use difficult-to-access citations, such as abstracts of papers presented at conferences, theses or publications with limited circulation (not indexed). Cite primary and conventional references (articles in scientific journals and textbooks). Self-citation should be used only if clearly necessary and related to the topic. In this case, include only original works published in regular journals among the bibliographic references (do not cite chapters or reviews). The presentation should follow Vancouver Style format, as in the following templates. Journal titles should be abbreviated according to the National Library of Medicine, available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=journals. For all references, cite up to six authors. For more than six authors, mention the first six authors followed by the expression “et al.”

Supplementary Material: Authors may submit supporting materials for publication as supplementary material, which should be submitted with the manuscript and will also be subject to peer review along with the original manuscript. The following may be included: videos, audio files, spreadsheets, and PowerPoint files (as well as other file types), additional text, tables, and figures as supporting materials or research data. Figures and tables in supplementary material should be indicated in the text as Figure 1S, Table 1S, etc. Citation of these items in the main text should follow the format (Figure 1S - Supplementary Material). The page containing the supplementary material should indicate only the manuscript title and the authors without affiliations. Indicate at the top of the page: Supplementary Material. Please include the supplementary material after the references in the body of the manuscript.

Indicate sources of support for the work, including sponsor names, contract numbers (if applicable), along with explanations of the role of these sources.

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia

Av. Brigadeiro Luiz Antonio, 3421, 01401-001, salas 401 - 407, Jardim Paulista, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Email: editorial.office@febrasgo.org.br