Investigating specialized plant metabolites, traditionally referred to as ‘secondary metabolites’ present in leaf extracts of cashew trees (Anacardium occidentale) resistant and susceptible to anthracnose disease was carried out using metabolomics combined with chemometric tools. We used clones of dwarf-cashew with the following variations of characteristics: resistant and healthy (CCP 76, BRS 226, BRS 189), susceptible and healthy (BRS 265), and another clone also susceptible but affected by the disease (BRS 265). The UPLC-QTOF-MSE (ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) analysis of the leaves of Anacardium clones allowed us to annotate a total of 39 metabolites. The multiple orthogonal partial discriminant analysis of the least-squares (OPLS-DA) allowed twelve metabolites to be potential biomarkers of differentiation among the clones studied. Namely, the triene-(17:3)-anacardic acid found on CCP 76 and BRS 189 clones, respectively, is the main candidate for biomarker of resistance. While catechin, B-type procyanidin isomers, and procyanidin dimer monogallate identified in BRS 265 are significant potential biomarkers of susceptibility.

RESUMO No semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro as condições edafoclimáticas podem favorecer riscos de salinização do solo, principalmente quando se utiliza água de má qualidade para irrigação. Nesse contexto, técnicas que possibilitem melhorias nos rendimentos da cultura do melão em condições adversas, como a salinidade, são, portanto, de grande relevância para o setor produtivo. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) na aclimatação do meloeiro submetido a diferentes níveis salinos na água de irrigação. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (0,3 e 5,0 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de H2O2 (0, 5, 10 e 15 µmol L-1). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com quatro repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduz o crescimento, as trocas gasosas e a produção do meloeiro. No entanto, o H2O2, na concentração de 6,35 µmol L-1 proporcionou melhorias na fisiologia, crescimento e produção, além de reduzir os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino na produção de melão.

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil, soil and climate conditions can increase the risk of soil salinization, particularly when poor-quality water is used for irrigation. Therefore, techniques that improve the yields of melon culture under adverse conditions, such as salinity, are of great relevance to the production sector. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in acclimatizing melon trees subjected to irrigation water with different salinity levels. The treatments consisted of irrigation water with two electrical conductivities (0.3 and 5.0 dS m-1) and four concentrations of H2O2 (0, 5, 10, and 15 µmol L-1). The experimental design used was randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates and four plants per plot. Increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced the growth, gas exchange, and production of melon plants. However, H2O2, at a concentration of 6.35 µmol L-1, yielded improvements in physiology, growth, and production, in addition to reducing the deleterious effects of saline stress on melon production.

Abstract Price of iron ore is affected by instabilities of microeconomic balance between supply and demand. Periods of equilibrium adjustment result in huge swings, growth or global recession. They also impact the viability of mineral enterprises and generate consequences to important global economic scenarios. This research aims to evaluate the market variables capable of influencing the price of iron ore through multivariate statistical techniques. Principal component analysis and multiple linear regression, booth multivariate statistical techniques were used. The studied variables were rate export of iron ore and concentrates from Brazil, steel production from China, steel production from Japan, production from Europe, steel production from the United States, steel production from India, steel price, coal price, China’s Construction Gross Domestic Production, United States construction index, oil price and global oil production. First three components explained 89.12% of the variability of the data matrix. Multiple linear regression highlighted the significance of five variables. They are export iron ore from Brazil, steel production from China, price of coal, steel production from India and price of steel.

Black mold, a disease caused by the fungus Pilgeriella anacardii Arx & Müller, affects cashews (Anacardium occidentale). Some cashew clones are more resistant to the pathogen; however, little is known about the chemical profile responsible for this trait. The investigation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from leaves of dwarf cashew clones resistant (BRS 226 and BRS 265) and susceptible (CCP 76 and BRS 189) to the pathogen was carried out. Leaves were collected during the months of disease incidence and decline (March to July 2019, Brazil), and VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with chemometric tools. The GC-MS analysis tentatively identified 96 compounds. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS DA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), and ROC curves analysis were useful in dividing VOCs into distinct resistance and associated chemical susceptibility groups for different clones. The VOCs in the leaves of the resistant clones were identified as alcohols and aldehydes containing six carbons: (E)-hex-2-enal, hex-3-en-1-ol, (Z)-hex-2-en-1-ol, (E)-hex-2-en-1-ol, and hexan-1-ol. Moreover, α-pinene, pseudolimonene, α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, sylvestrene, β-cis-ocimene, methyl salicylate, myrtenol, α-copaene, γ-muurolene, germacrene D, valencene, and germacrene B were also detected in these samples and may be candidate chemical biomarkers for cashew resistance to P. anacardii.

RESUMO Objetivos verificar a efetividade do jogo educativo para gestantes sobre seus direitos durante o trabalho de parto e parto; comparar o conhecimento das gestantes sobre seus direitos antes e após a aplicação do jogo e conhecer como foi para elas essa experiência. Método estudo quantitativo com análise qualitativa secundária. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre julho e setembro de 2019. Participaram 51 gestantes atendidas em duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Guarulhos. Utilizaram-se os testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov e o não-paramétrico Wilcoxon e nível de significância de 0,05. Adotou-se a análise lexical de conteúdo com apoio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados a efetividade do jogo foi comprovada pela comparação da média do conhecimento das gestantes antes e após a atividade educativa (Z = -5,924; p = 0,000). Houve diferença significativa na comparação da avaliação do conhecimento das gestantes antes e após o jogo (p=0,000). As respostas das gestantes enfatizaram a positividade da ação educativa e valorizaram as imagens do jogo como recurso educacional inovador. Conclusão e Implicações para a prática O jogo mostrou-se efetivo para ser utilizado na orientação de gestantes de forma lúdica e demonstrou agregar conhecimento de modo imagético e participativo.

ABSTRACT Objectives to verify the effectiveness of an educational game for pregnant women about their rights during labor and delivery; to compare the knowledge of pregnant women about their rights before and after applying the game and to investigate how good this experience was for them. Method quantitative study with secondary qualitative analysis. Data collection took place between July and September 2019. Participants were 51 pregnant women attended at two Primary Health Units of the city of Guarulhos. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the non-parametric Wilcoxon tests were used. The level of significance adopted was .05. Lexical content analysis was performed with the use of the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires software. Results the mean knowledge of the pregnant women after the educational activity was higher than the mean knowledge before the activity (Z = -5.924; p = .000). There was a significant difference when comparing the assessment of the pregnant women’s knowledge before and after the game (p = .000). The responses of the pregnant women emphasized the positivity of the educational action and valued the images of the game as an innovative educational resource. Conclusion and Implications for practice The study demonstrated that the game was effective for use in guiding pregnant women playfully and that knowledge was gained in an imagetic and participatory way.

RESUMEN Objetivos verificar la eficacia del juego educativo para mujeres embarazadas sobre sus derechos durante el trabajo de parto y el parto; comparar el conocimiento de las mujeres embarazadas sobre sus derechos antes y después de aplicar el juego y saber cómo fue para ellas esta experiencia. Método estudio cuantitativo con análisis cualitativo secundario. La recolección de datos se realizó entre julio y septiembre de 2019. Participaron 51 gestantes atendidas en dos Unidades de Atención Básicas de Salud de la ciudad de Guarulhos. Se utilizaron las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y las pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de 0,05. Se adoptó por el análisis de contenido léxico con el apoyo del Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados el conocimiento medio de las embarazadas después de la actividad educativa fue mayor que el conocimiento medio antes de la actividad (Z = -5,924; p = 0,000). Hubo una diferencia significativa en la comparación de los conocimientos de las mujeres embarazadas antes y después del juego (p=0,000). Las respuestas de las embarazadas destacaron la positividad de la acción educativa y valoraron las imágenes del juego como un recurso educativo innovador. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el juego demostró ser eficaz para ser utilizado en la orientación de las mujeres embarazadas de una manera lúdica y demostró añadir conocimiento de una manera imagética y participativa.

Green hydrogen is a fuel capable of promoting sustainable energy development and is gaining attention in the current global energy transition framework. The global shift toward decarbonization has triggered a substantial boost in the hydrogen industry. This study presents an overview of the current status of hydrogen production, regulation of the green hydrogen segment, hydrogen storage, distribution, and transportation, and final use and application. We also critically discuss the viability of adopting green hydrogen in terms of possible economic and environmental impacts as well as the main challenges and opportunities it represents for the Chemical Sciences.

The crescent number of scientific articles published per year shows that research on biodiesel continues to play an important role to support the growing demand for this biofuel. The second edition of Biodiesel: An Overview presents the worldwide research in the last 15 years. Microalgae biomass is the most studied raw material alternative in this period and several studies have been carried out to develop basic heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Concerning to production technologies, supercritical conditions and intensification process have been extensively investigated. The development of new antioxidants additives has focused mainly on biomass-derived formulations and there are few studies on biocide candidates. In terms of pollutant emissions, in general, the studies showed that the addition of biodiesel generates lower concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), CO and n-alkanes pollutants, but carbonyl compounds, major ions and NOx are emitted in a higher concentration compared to pure diesel.

Abstract Biotransformations are chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms on organic substrates. Biotransformations can be regio-, chemo-, stereo- and enantio-selective. Bioreductions are of great interest to the food and pharmaceutical industries as they help to reduce costs and impacts on the environment. In this work, the following biotransformations of chalcones were performed: (2E)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (1), (2E)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one (2), and (2E)-1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one (3) by the fungus Scedosporium aspiospermum, leading to formation through chemo-selective reduction of dihydrochalcones 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one (4), 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-propan-1-one (5), and 1-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-phenyl-propan-1-one (6). Compounds 1-6 had their antimicrobial activities tested and were observed better activity to the biotransformation products compared with substrates. This is the first report of chemo-selective bioreduction by fungi of the genus Scedosporium in biotransformation reactions.

Resumen Las biotransformaciones son reacciones químicas llevadas a cabo por microorganismos sobre sustratos orgánicos. Las biotransformaciones pueden ser regio-, quimio-, estereo- y enantio-selectivas. Las biorreducciones son de gran interés para la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica, ya que ayudan a reducir costes e impactos sobre el medio ambiente. En este trabajo se realizaron las siguientes biotransformaciones de las chalconas: (2E)-1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(2-metoxi-fenil)-prop-2-en-1-ona (1), ( 2E)-1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(4-metoxi-fenil)-prop-2-en-1-ona (2) y (2E)-1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-fenil-prop-2-en-1-ona ( 3 ) por el hongo Scedosporium aspiospermum, que conduce a la formación mediante reducción quimio-selectiva de dihidrocalconas 1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(2-metoxi-fenil)-propan-1-ona (4), 1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-(4-metoxi-fenil)-propan-1-ona (5) y 1-(4-hidroxi-fenil)-3-fenil-propan-1-ona (6). Se ensayaron las actividades antimicrobianas de los compuestos 1-6 y se observó una mejor actividad para los productos de biotransformación en comparación con los sustratos. Este es el primer informe de biorreducción quimio-selectiva por hongos del género Scedosporium en reacciones de biotransformación.

RESUMO As inoculações em plantas com mix de microrganismos benéficos podem melhorar significativamente o crescimento dessas e contribuir para uma agricultura sustentável. Entretanto, ainda existem questionamentos se inoculações em mix poderiam proporcionar resultados ainda melhores do que na forma isolada, sendo necessários estudos adicionais. Desta forma, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de microrganismos benéficos no desempenho da cultura do arroz de terras altas, em experimento conduzido em casa de vegetação, usando delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e 26 tratamentos, que consistiram da inoculação de microrganismos isolados ou em mix de Bacillus sp., Serratia sp., Azospirillum sp., Bacillus spp., Azospirillum brasilense (Ab-V5) e um pool de Trichoderma asperellum, além do tratamento controle (sem aplicação de microrganismos). Os microrganismos afetaram significativamente as trocas gasosas, produção de biomassa e teor de nutrientes em plantas de arroz de terras altas. Os tratamentos mix BRM32114 + pool de T. asperellum, e Ab-V5 + pool de T. asperellum, foram mais efetivos, com destaque para as variáveis de trocas gasosas e teor de nutrientes. O tratamento mix 1301 + Ab-V5, apresentou maiores médias para produção de biomassa, com diferença significativa em relação ao tratamento controle.

ABSTRACT Inoculating plants with a mix of beneficial microorganisms can significantly improve plant growth and contribute to sustainable agriculture. However, it is unclear if mixed inoculations of microorganisms provide better results than inoculations of a single beneficial microorganism. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of beneficial microorganisms on the performance of upland rice in a greenhouse experiment using a completely randomized design with three repetitions and 26 treatments. The treatments consisted of inoculations of Bacillus sp. (BRM32110), Serratia sp. (BRM32114), Azospirillum sp. (1381), Bacillus sp. (1301), A. brasilense (Ab-V5) and a pool of Trichoderma asperellum in isolation or in a mixture in addition to a control treatment (without application of microorganisms). Microorganisms significantly affected gas exchange, biomass production and nutrient accumulation in upland rice plants. The mixed treatments of BRM32114 + pool of T. asperellum and Ab-V5 + pool of T. asperellum were more effective than the other treatments, with improved gas exchange variables and nutrient concentration. The 1301 + Ab-V5 mixed treatment showed higher averages for biomass production than the other treatments, and these values were significantly different from those of the control treatment.

Resumen Introducción. Giardia duodenalis es un protozoo intestinal de gran prevalencia en los niños de los países en desarrollo. En estudios moleculares se ha evidenciado la gran diversidad genética de G. duodenalis y se han identificado los conjuntos A y B, principalmente en humanos. A pesar de su importancia, el conocimiento de la epidemiología molecular de la giardiasis humana aún es limitado en Brasil. Objetivo. Caracterizar los aislamientos moleculares de G. duodenalis de muestras tomadas a niños de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil. Materiales y métodos. Las muestras fecales positivas para G. duodenalis se obtuvieron de 71 niños de dos guarderías y de 39 usuarios de un laboratorio de análisis clínicos. Las muestras se analizaron mediante PCR-RFLP de los genes gdh y beta-giardin, y secuenciación de beta-giardin. Resultados. De las 110 muestras de G. duodenalis, en 80 (72,7 %) se amplificaron uno o ambos genes. De estos, 62 (77,5 %) se identificaron como pertenecientes al conjunto A y 18 (22,5 %) al B. El subconjunto AII se identificó en el 58,8 % (n=47) de los aislamientos, seguido del AI en el 18,8% (n=15), el BIV en el 11,2% (n=9) y el BIII en el 5,0% (n=4). El subconjunto AII fue el más frecuente en los niños de ambas guarderías, en tanto que el AI solo se encontró en el grupo atendido en el laboratorio clínico. El subconjunto AII predominó en los niños menores de dos años. Conclusiones. La mayor frecuencia del subconjunto AII sugiere que la transmisión antroponótica es más común en Salvador, pero también existen vías de transmisión zoonóticas, y que pueden ocurrir cambios en la sensibilidad frente a diferentes patrones moleculares de Giardia durante el crecimiento infantil.

Abstract Introduction. Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal protozoan with a high prevalence in children of developing countries. Molecular studies revealed a great genetic diversity of G. duodenalis, with assemblages A and B found mainly in humans. Despite its importance, the information on the molecular epidemiology of human giardiasis is still limited in Brazil. Objective. To characterize G. duodenalis molecular isolates in children from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Materials and methods. Giardia duodenalis positive fecal samples were obtained from 71 children from two day care centers and 39 users of a clinical analysis laboratory. Samples were analyzed by PCR-RFLP of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta-giardin genes and by the sequencing of beta-giardin. Results. Of the 110 G. duodenalis samples, 80 (72.7%) amplified one or both target genes. Of these, 62 (77.5 %) were identified as assemblage A and 18 (22.5%) as assemblage B. The subassemblage AII was identified in 58.8% (n=47) of isolates followed by the sub-assemblage AI (18.8%, n=15), BIV (11.2%, n=9), and BIII (5.0%, n=4). The AII sub-assemblage was the most frequent in children of both day care centers whereas AI was found only in the group attended at the clinical laboratory. Sub-assemblage AII predominated in children under two years. Conclusions. The higher frequency of AII sub-assemblage suggests that anthroponotic transmission is more common in Salvador, but that zoonotic transmission pathways are also present and a change in susceptibility to different molecular patterns of Giardia may occur during child growth.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of application of Bacillus cereus combined with the use of substrate and reduction in conventional fertilization on the growth of green dwarf coconut seedlings in Brazil, the Santa Isabel nursery in the state of Pará, Brazil. The experiment design was completely randomized with four treatments: soil+100% fertilizati+on; soil+ 50% fertilization + B. cereus; coconut fiber+100% of fertilization; and coconut fiber+33% of fertilization plus B. cereus, with 5 replications. Biochemical tests were performed with B. cereus and in the field where the following were evaluated: biometrics, hormonal and nutritional profile compared by t Test (P lt;0.05). Isolate B. cereus produced siderophores, IAA and phosphate solubilizer. In the field, the treatmwxent with inoculated coconut fiber and B. cereus stood out where nursery time was reduced by two months. Increments by 190% in IAA, 31% in GA3, and 17% in GA4 were found. This combination resulted in an increase by 98% in N, 42% in P, 82% in K, 103% in Ca, 68% in Mg, 84% in B, 41% in Fe, compared to control plants in coconut fiber+100% fertilization. Therefore, the use of B. cereus to obtain coconut seedlings is a technology that provides greater development in a shorter time in nursery and reduction in application of inputs.

Myracrodruon urundeuva (“aroeira-do-sertão”) is a species threatened with extinction due to anthropogenic exploitation. Phytochemical analysis of bark, branch and leaf extracts revealed the presence of several compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quercetin derivatives and anacardic acids. Dereplication methodology was performed to tentatively identify 50 compounds analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with an electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in MSE mode (UPLC-QTOF-MSE). The extracts exhibited anti-tumor effect in cancer cells HCT-116 (colorectal), SF-295 (glioblastoma), HL-60 (leukemia), and RAJI (leukemia). Also, these results correlate with the principal component analysis (PCA) data that identified three distinct groups indicating, efficiently, metabolic differences between organs of M. urundeuva. Through discriminatory analysis of the orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA), the variable of importance in the projection (VIP) and S-Plot, we were able to determine 30 potential biomarkers. The fingerprint of hydroethanolic extracts was correlated with the cytotoxicity assay and demonstrated a significant difference in the composition of plant extract.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a influência da escolaridade nos ganhos de função executiva após o treinamento com dupla tarefa (DT). Método Estudo exploratório realizado com 31 idosas, com escolaridade ≥3 anos e sem alterações das funções cognitivas rastreadas pelo Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM). As participantes foram distribuídas em dois grupos a partir do critério escolaridade, sendo o Grupo 1 com escolaridade de três a sete anos (n=17) e o Grupo 2 com escolaridade igual e superior a oito anos (n=14). Foram avaliadas as funções executivas antes e após o treinamento através dos testes Stroop, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke - Revisado (ACE-R) e Trilhas B. O protocolo de intervenção consistiu em três sessões semanais, duração de 50 minutos cada, com a realização de atividades de DT cognitiva e motora, associadas à caminhada, por 12 semanas. Resultados A ANOVA indicou que o treinamento de DT melhorou significativamente o desempenho nos testes Stroop (F=5,95; p=0,02) e ACE-R (F=18,33; p<0,0001), independentemente da escolaridade. Foi verificado efeito do grupo nos testes ACE-R (F=14,65; p<0,001) e Trilhas B (F=18,74; p<0,001). Em nenhum dos testes analisados, foi observado efeito da interação grupo x tempo (0,04<F<2,14; 0,15<p<0,95). Conclusão O treinamento de DT pode melhorar significativamente a função executiva de idosas, independente do nível de escolaridade, podendo ser utilizado na prática clínica como uma proposta de intervenção, visando o ganho de função executiva.

Abstract Objective Investigate the influence of education levels on gains in executive function after dual-task (DT) training. Method Exploratory study carried-out with 31 old women, who had ≥3 years of education and without cognitive deficits, as screened by the Mini-Mental State (MMS). The participants were distributed in two groups: group 1: 3 to 7 years of education (n=17) and group 2: ≥8 years of education (n=14). Measures of executive function (Stroop, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R), and Trail Making Test – B (B-Trails)) were obtained before and after training. The intervention protocol consisted of three weekly sessions of 50 minutes each and included cognitive and motor DT training, associated with walking, over 12 weeks. Results ANOVA indicates that DT training improved the performance of Stroop (F=5.95; p=0.02) and ACE-R (F=18.33; p<0.0001) tests, regardless of the education level. The effect of the ACE-R test group (F=14.65; p<0.001) and B-Trails (F=18.74; p<0.001) was verified. In none of the investigated tests, the interaction effects between groups and time (0.04<F<2.14; 0.15<p<0.95) was observed. Conclusion DT training has the potential to generate effects and can positively improve the executive function of older women, regardless of educational level and may be used within clinical practice, aiming at improving executive function.

RESUMO: Este estudo isolou e determinou o perfil de sensibilidade e de resistência a antimicrobianos de cepas bacterianas isoladas da cloaca de Trachemys scripta elegans (T. s. elegans) criadas em cativeiro. Após 120 dias de adaptação, amostras de swab cloacal obtidas de 20 animais adultos foram cultivadas e, após a identificação dos patógenos através de testes bioquímicos, submetidas ao teste de suscetibilidade a nove antimicrobianos. Enterobacter aerogenes (85%); Shigella spp. (10%) e Edwadsiella spp. (5%) foram isolados e identificados. Os isolados de E. aerogenes foram sensíveis à gentamicina (86%), enrofloxacina (79%), estreptomicina (50%), sulfazotrim (36%) e ampicilina (29%) e resistentes a penicilina (100%), eritromicina (93%), cefalexina (86%) ampicilina (71%) e sulfazotrim (64%). Isolados de Shigella spp. apresentaram sensibilidade à gentamicina (100%), enrofloxacina (50%), doxicilina (50%), estreptomicina (50%), ampicilina (50%), penicilina (50%) e sulfazotrim (50%) e resistência a doxicilina (50%), estreptomicina (50%), ampicilina (50%), penicilina (100%), cefalexina (50%) e sulfazotrim (50%), enquanto que os de Edwardsiella spp. foram sensíveis apenas à gentamicina (100%) e altamente resistentes (100%) aos demais antimicrobianos. Os resultados sugerem a participação de T. s. elegans na cadeia epidemiológica, como reservatório de patógenos importantes, como E. aerogenes, Shigella spp. e Edwardisiella spp., tornando importante a adoção de medidas preventivas pelo risco zoonótico que apresentam e corretas de tratamento e de controle em cativeiros e domicílios, assim como de estudos que enfoquem as características de sensibilidade e de resistência antimicrobiana dos isolados cloacais, pois a multirresistência a drogas pode ser transmitida aos humanos e comprometer o tratamento de indivíduos com doenças graves.

ABSTRACT: This study isolated and determined the profile of susceptibility and antimicrobials resistance of bacterial strains isolated from the cloaca Trachemys scripta elegans (T. s. elegans) raised in captivity. After 120 days of adaptation, cloacal swab samples obtained from 20 adults animals were grown and, after the pathogens identification through biochemical tests, submitted to the test of susceptibility to nine antimicrobials. Enterobacter aerogenes (85%); Shigella spp. (10%) and Edwadsiella spp. (5%) were isolated and identified. Isolates from E. aerogenes were sensitive to gentamicin (86%), enrofloxacin (79%), streptomycin (50%), sulfazotrim (36%) and ampicillin (29%) and resistant to penicillin (100%), erythromycin (93%), cephalexin (86%), ampicillin (71%) and sulfazotrim (64%). Isolates from Shigella spp. showed sensitivity to gentamicin (100%), enrofloxacin (50%), doxycycline (50%), streptomycin (50%), ampicillin (50%), penicillin (50%) and sulfazotrim (50%) and resistance to doxycycline (50 %), streptomycin (50%), ampicillin (50%), penicillin (100%), cephalexin (50%) and sulfazotrim (50%), while the Edwardsiella spp. were sensitive only to gentamicin (100%) and were highly resistant (100%) to other antibiotics. The results suggest the participation of T. s. elegans in the epidemiological chain, as reservoir of important pathogens, such as E. aerogenes, Shigella spp. and Edwardisiella spp., making it important to adopt preventive measures for zoonotic risk that present and correct treatment and control in captivity and households, as well as studies that address the sensitivity characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of isolates from cloaca, as it multidrug resistance to drugs can be transmitted to humans and compromise the treatment of patients with serious diseases.

Resumo: Neste estudo retrospectivo foi determinada a frequência dos tumores de bainha de nervo periférico (TBNP) na pele de cães diagnosticados pelo Setor de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2012. O histórico dos cães, assim como a histologia, a imuno-histoquímica e o prognóstico em relação aos tumores foram baseados em 70 amostras histológicas, correspondendo a 40 fêmeas (57%), 29 machos (41%) e uma amostra sem a informação do sexo. De 2000 a 2012, foram diagnosticados 2984 tumores de pele de cães pelo SPV-UFRGS, totalizando 2,34% das neoplasias em cães. A maior parte das amostras (43%) foi proveniente de animais sem raça definida (SRD), seguidos pelos da raça Pastor Alemão (10%). A localização predominante dos TBNP desta pesquisa ocorreu em membros (40% em membro tóracico e 29% em membro pélvico), afetando principalmente cães de oito a 11 anos idade (54%). As amostras foram processadas rotineiramente para coloração de Hematoxilina e eosina, e foram realizadas as colorações de azul de toluidina e tricrômio de Masson, assim como realizada imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) anti-vimentina, -S-100, -GFAP, -actina, von Willbrand e neurofilamento. Os fatores anisocitose e anisocariose, índice mitótico, necrose intratumoral, invasão tumoral em tecidos adjacentes, localização tumoral, local de recorrência e metástase foram relacionados com o diagnóstico de benignidade (49/70) ou malignidade (21/70). O padrão histológico de Antoni A foi observado com mais frequência em tumores benignos. A IHQ auxiliou no diagnóstico dos TBNP, com maiores índices de imunomarcação anti-vimentina e S-100. A análise estatística das amostras de animais que apresentaram recidiva tumoral evidenciou que a chance de um animal com tumor de bainha de nervo periférico maligno desenvolver recidiva é 4,61 vezes maior do que em animais que apresentam tumor benigno.

Abstract: In this retrospective study was determined the frequency of canine skin peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) in cases diagnosed by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS), Brazil, between the years 2000 and 2012. The canine profiles, as well as histological, immunohistochemical and prognostic aspects of the tumors were based on 70 samples, comprising 40 females, 29 males and one unspecified sample. Between 2000 and 2012, 2,984 skin tumors of dogs were diagnosed in the SPV-UFRGS, totaling 2.34% of skin neoplasms in dogs. Animals that comprised the largest amount of samples (43%) were those with no breed (SRD), followed by German Shepherds (10%). Females were more affected than males (40/70 - 57% and 29/70 - 41% respectively). Skin PNST of this research showed predominant localization on the limbs (40% in the forelimbs and 29% in the hindlimbs); affecting adult dogs, mostly aged between 8 and 11 years (54%). The samples were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin, and were also evaluated by toluidine blue and Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) anti-vimentin, -S-100, -GFAP, -actin, von Willebrand factor and neurofilament. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis, mitotic index, intratumoral necrosis, invasion of adjacent tissues, tumor location, local recurrence and metastasis were related to the diagnosis of benign (49/70) or malignant tumor (21/70). The Antoni A histological pattern was observed more frequently in benign tumors. The immunohistochemistry helped to diagnose PNST, and anti-vimentin and anti-protein S-100 showed the highest rates of immunostaining. Throughout statistical analysis of animals with tumor recurrence, it was found that the chance of an animal with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor to develop recurrence is 4.61 times higher than in an animal that had a benign tumor.