ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the application efficiency of different nozzle tips associated with increasing application rates. A field experiment was conducted in a factorial 3 × 4 randomized block design with four replicates. The first factor consisted of three types of nozzle tips (simple flat fan, hollow cone, and hollow cone with the electrification of the drops), and the second factor constituted the four application rates (50, 100, 200, and 250 L ha-1). Electrostatic technology and a hollow cone tip increased the deposited volume on leaves on the upper and medium strata of the common bean plant, regardless of the application rate used. The increase in the application rate increased the volume of spray solution captured in the upper, medium, and lower strata, the drop density, the volumetric median diameter (VMD), and the percentage of foliar coverage, regardless of the spray tip evaluated. The percentage of leaf coverage on the adaxial and abaxial leaf was not influenced by the simple fan or hollow cone spray tips, with or without the association of electrostatic technology.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de aplicação de diferentes pontas de bicos associada a taxas crescentes de aplicação. Foi conduzido um experimento de campo no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator consistiu em três tipos de bicos: leque plano simples, cone oco e cone oco com eletrificação das gotas; e o segundo fator por quatro taxas de aplicação (50, 100, 200 e 250 L ha-1). A tecnologia eletrostática e o cone oco aumentaram o volume depositado nas folhas dos estratos superior e médio do feijoeiro, independentemente da dose de aplicação utilizada. O aumento da taxa de aplicação aumentou o volume de calda captado nos estratos superior, médio e inferior do feijoeiro, a densidade de gotas, o diâmetro médio volumétrico (DMV) e a porcentagem de cobertura foliar, independente da ponta de pulverização avaliada. A porcentagem de cobertura foliar na face adaxial e abaxial não foi influenciada pelas pontas de pulverização em leque simples e cone oco com ou sem a associação da tecnologia eletrostática.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated. Bacterial species prevalence and their resistance profile were analyzed and compared by sex and age. For Gram-negative fermenting bacteria, resistance rates were compared between patients with previous hospitalization and the total of infections caused by this group. For comparisons, the Chi-square test was performed, using Fisher’s exact test when necessary (BioEstat program, adopting p ≤ 0.05). A multivariate analysis was applied to assess the effect of the studied variables in predicting multidrug resistance. Infections were more prevalent in women and older adults. Gram-negative bacteria represented 90.44% of total cultures. In both sexes, E. coli prevalence was significantly higher in adults compared with older adults (p < 0.0001). For several antibiotics, resistance rates were higher in the older adults compared with other ages and in patients with Gram-negative fermenting infections and previous hospitalization compared with the total of infections by this group of bacteria. The closer to the hospitalization, the higher the number of antibiotics with superior resistance rates. Resistance rates for aminoglycosides, carbapenems, ceftazidime, nitrofurantoin, piperacillin+tazobactam, and fosfomycin were less than 20%, considered adequate for empirical treatment. Only hospitalization in the previous 90 days was statistically significant in predicting infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria.

RESUMO Lagartas de Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) são importantes desfolhadoras da palma de óleo, Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) nas Américas Central e do Sul. A família Tachinidae (Diptera) compreende moscas parasitoides de muitos insetos-praga, principalmente da ordem Lepidoptera. Contudo, o registro de hospedeiros de taquinídeos ainda é relativamente escasso. No presente trabalho, relatamos a ocorrência de Belvosia sp. aff. williamsi (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Goniini) e Leptostylum oligothrix (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Blondeliini) parasitando lagartas de A. liberia em E. guineensis no município de Tailândia, Pará, Brasil. Trata-se do primeiro registro do parasitismo de A. liberia por Leptostylum no Brasil, bem como o primeiro por Belvosia no mundo. Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Saturniidae óleo Arecaceae (Arecaceae Sul Diptera (Diptera insetospraga, insetospraga insetos praga, praga insetos-praga Contudo escasso trabalho sp aff Exoristinae Goniini Blondeliini E Tailândia Pará Brasil Tratase Trata se mundo

ABSTRACT Automeris liberia (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) caterpillars are important defoliators of the African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) in Central and South America. The family Tachinidae (Diptera) comprises flies that are parasitoids of many insect pests, mainly from the order Lepidoptera. However, host records for tachinids are still relatively scarce. In the present work, we report the occurrence of Belvosia sp. aff. williamsi (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Goniini) and Leptostylum oligothrix (Diptera: Tachinidae: Exoristinae: Blondeliini) parasitizing caterpillars of A. liberia in E. guineensis in the municipality of Tailândia, state of Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of the parasitism of A. liberia by Leptostylum in Brazil, as well as by Belvosia in the world. Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Saturniidae palm Arecaceae (Arecaceae America Diptera (Diptera pests However scarce work sp aff Exoristinae Goniini Blondeliini A E Tailândia Pará Brazil world

RESUMO O uso da irrigação desempenha papel fundamental no avanço das fronteiras agrícolas e no aumento da produtividade nas áreas de cultivo, principalmente em ambientes semiáridos que apresentam alta variação espaço-temporal de chuvas. Essa prática é sugerida até mesmo para cultivos adaptados como palma forrageira (Opuntia sp.) e sorgo (Sorghum bicolor). Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a rentabilidade do uso da irrigação no sistema solteiro e sistema consorciado palma-sorgo no semiárido. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 × 3: cinco lâminas de irrigação por gotejamento (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da evapotranspiração de referência - ET0) e três sistemas de cultivo (palma forrageira solteira, sorgo solteiro e consórcio palma-sorgo), com quatro repetições. O tratamento 0% ET0 correspondeu à condição de sequeiro com uma lâmina de 355 mm. Foi conduzido um ciclo de palma e dois de sorgo (planta e rebrota) compreendidos de novembro 2014 a novembro de 2015. Verificou-se que os maiores custos para implantação dos sistemas de cultivo em condições irrigadas se devem à aquisição do sistema de irrigação e insumos, representando 85,3% do custo operacional efetivo. O sistema sorgo solteiro e o sistema palma forrageira-sorgo proporcionaram as maiores produtividades de matéria fresca (62.013,05 e 60.075,36 kg ha-1), respectivamente. Com base em indicadores econômicos, a adoção de lâminas de irrigação (25, 50, 75 e 100% ET0) promoveu lucros para os sistemas (solteiro e consorciado) a partir do segundo ano de implantação.

ABSTRACT Irrigation plays a fundamental role in advancing agricultural frontiers and increasing crop productivity, especially in semi-arid environments, because they exhibit high spatiotemporal rainfall variation. This practice is suggested even for adapted crops, such as forage cactus (Opuntia sp.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and single or intercropping systems. In this study, aimed to evaluate the profitability of using irrigation in a single and intercropping forage cactus-sorghum system in a semi-arid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement: five drip irrigation depths (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration - ET0) and three cropping systems (single forage cactus, single sorghum, and intercropping forage cactus-sorghum), with four replicates. The 0% ET0 treatment corresponded to rainfed conditions at a depth of 355 mm. A cycle of forage cactus and two sorghum cultivars (plant and regrowth) was conducted between November 2014 and November 2015. It was verified that the highest costs for implantation of the crop systems in irrigated conditions are due to the acquisition of irrigation and input systems, representing 85.3% of the effective operational cost. The single sorghum and forage cactus-sorghum systems provided the highest fresh matter productivity (62,013.05 and 60,075.36 kg ha-1, respectively). Based on economic indicators, the adoption of irrigation depths (25, 50, 75, and 100% ET0) promoted profits for the systems (single and intercropping) from the second year of implementation.

Abstract Cnesterodon hypselurus is a small fish that has a restricted distribution in southern Brazil, including headwaters of the Tibagi and Itararé river basins (Upper Paraná River). This study reported C. hypselurus in a headwater of Cinzas River basin, where there were no previous records of this species, and employed microsatellite loci and mitochondrial haplotypes in a population genetic analysis. A total of 57 specimens was analyzed, including 30 from Cinzas River basin, 25 from Itararé River basin and two from Tibagi River basin. Results indicated low genetic diversity levels (HE = 0.334 and h = 0.246) for the sample from Cinzas River, suggesting reflections of a founder effect after the species had dispersed from one watershed to another, possibly by headwater captures. Since different populations were detected between the Cinzas and Itararé rivers (DEST = 0.248, P-value < 0.05) and other occurrence sites are still unknown in the Cinzas River basin, the data herein have great relevance and should be taken into account in future management and conservation actions, as well as in evolutionary studies of C. hypselurus.

Resumo Cnesterodon hypselurus é um pequeno peixe que possui distribuição restrita no sul do Brasil, incluindo cabeceiras das bacias dos rios Tibagi e Itararé (alto rio Paraná). Este estudo reportou C. hypselurus na cabeceira da bacia do rio das Cinzas, onde não havia registros prévios desta espécie, e empregou locos microssatélites e haplótipos mitocondriais em uma análise genética de populações. Um total de 57 espécimes foi analisado, incluindo 30 do rio das Cinzas, 25 da bacia do rio Itararé e dois da bacia do rio Tibagi. Os resultados indicaram baixos níveis de diversidade genética (HE = 0,334 e h = 0,246) para a amostra do rio das Cinzas, sugerindo reflexos de um efeito fundador após a espécie ter dispersado de uma bacia para a outra, possivelmente a partir de captura de cabeceiras. Uma vez que diferentes populações foram detectadas entre os rios das Cinzas e Itararé (DEST = 0,248, valor de P < 0,05) e que outros pontos de ocorrência ainda são desconhecidos na bacia do rio das Cinzas, os dados do presente estudo mostram grande relevância e deveriam ser considerados em futuras ações de manejo e conservação, bem como em estudos evolutivos de C. hypselurus.

In this study, alkaline treatment was used to change the surface of the new beta titanium alloy Ti25Ta25Nb3Sn and enhance its bioactivity. Ti25Ta25Nb3Sn, a new experimental alloy was processed in the laboratory and the surfaces were modified using alkaline treatment. Samples were soaked at 60 0C for 24 hours in different NaOH solutions to obtain surfaces with different morphologies. The surfaces were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The wettability of the surfaces was measured using the sessile drop method. In vitro studies were carried out to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, and bacteria adhesion. As a result of the alkaline treatment, a nanoporous and amorphous layer was formed on the Ti25Ta25Nb3Sn alloy surface with super hydrophilic behavior for all conditions evaluated. However, different nano topography was observed which affected biological response. The morphology obtained after immersion in 1.5 NaOH solution led to bacteria adhesion decreased and osteoblasts cells differentiation. Results of this study show that is possible to obtain a new titanium experimental alloy with excellent bulk and surface properties that may decrease the risk of infections and increase osseointegration.

Abstract Simulating a bacterial-induced pulpitis environment in vitro may contribute to exploring mechanisms and bioactive molecules to counteract these adverse effects. Objective To investigate the chronic exposure of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) aiming to establish a cell culture protocol to simulate the impaired odontogenic potential under pulpitis conditions. Methodology HDPCs were isolated from four healthy molars of different donors and seeded in culture plates in a growth medium. After 24 h, the medium was changed to an odontogenic differentiation medium (DM) supplemented or not with E. coli LPS (0 - control, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg/mL) (n=8). The medium was renewed every two days for up to seven days, then replaced with LPS-free DM for up to 21 days. The activation of NF-κB and F-actin expression were assessed (immunofluorescence) after one and seven days. On day 7, cells were evaluated for both the gene expression (RT-qPCR) of odontogenic markers (COL1A1, ALPL, DSPP, and DMP1) and cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL8, and IL6) and the production of reactive nitrogen (Griess) and oxygen species (Carboxy-H2DCFDA). Cell viability (alamarBlue) was evaluated weekly, and mineralization was assessed (Alizarin Red) at 14 and 21 days. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and post-hoc tests (α=5%). Results After one and seven days of exposure to LPS, NF-κB was activated in a dose-dependent fashion. LPS at 1 and 10 µg/mL concentrations down-regulated the gene expression of odontogenic markers and up-regulated cytokines. LPS at 10 µg/mL increased both the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species. LPS decreased cell viability seven days after the end of exposure. LPS at 1 and 10 µg/mL decreased hDPCs mineralization in a dose-dependent fashion. Conclusion The exposure to 10 µg/mL LPS for seven days creates an inflammatory environment that is able to impair by more than half the odontogenic potential of HDPCs in vitro, simulating a pulpitis-like condition.

Abstract Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pericoronary fat attenuation (pFA) is a marker of coronary inflammation, which is key in the atherosclerotic process. Objective To evaluate pFA and inflammatory profile in AAS users. Methods Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU), 20 AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were evaluated. Coronary inflammation was evaluated by mean pericoronary fat attenuation (mPFA) in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex (LCx). Interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were evaluated by optical density (OD) in a spectrophotometer with a 450 nm filter. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results AASU had higher mPFA in the RCA (-65.87 [70.51-60.70] vs. -78.07 [83.66-72.87] vs.-78.46 [85.41-71.99] Hounsfield Units (HU), respectively, p<0.001) and mPFA in the LAD (-71.47 [76.40-66.61] vs. -79.32 [84.37-74.59] vs. -82.52 [88.44-75.81] HU, respectively, p=0.006) compared with AASNU and SC. mPFA in the LCx was not different between AASU, AASNU, and SC (-72.41 [77.17-70.37] vs. -80.13 [86.22-72.23] vs. -78.29 [80.63-72.29] HU, respectively, p=0.163). AASU compared with AASNU and SC, had higher IL-1, (0.975 [0.847-1.250] vs. 0.437 [0.311-0.565] vs. 0.530 [0.402-0.780] OD, respectively, p=0.002), IL-6 (1.195 [0.947-1.405] vs. 0.427 [0.377-0.577] vs. 0.605 [0.332-0.950] OD, p=0.005) and IL-10 (1.145 [0.920-1.292] vs. 0.477 [0.382-0.591] vs. 0.340 [0.316-0.560] OD, p<0.001). TNF-α was not different between the AASU, AASNU, and SC groups (0.520 [0.250-0.610] vs. 0.377 [0.261-0.548] vs. 0.350 [0.182-430]), respectively. Conclusion Compared with ASSNU and controls, AASU have higher mPFA and higher systemic inflammatory cytokines profile suggesting that AAS may induce coronary atherosclerosis through coronary and systemic inflammation.

Resumo Fundamento O uso abusivo de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) tem sido associado à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A atenuação de gordura pericoronária (AGp) é um marcador de inflamação coronária, a qual exerce um papel chave no processo aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar AGp e perfil inflamatório em usuários de EAA. Método Vinte indivíduos que realizavam treinamento de força, usuários de EAA (UEAA), 20 não usuários de EAA (NUEAA), e 10 indivíduos sedentários controle (SC) foram avaliados. Inflamação coronária foi avaliada por atenuação de gordura pericoronária média (AGPm) artéria coronária direita (ACD), artéria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA) e artéria circunflexa (ACX). Interleucina (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, e TNF-alfa foram avaliados por densidade ótica (DO) em um espectrofotômetro com um filtro de 450 nm. Um p<0,05 indicou significância estatística. Resultados Os UEAA apresentaram maior AGPm na ACD [-65,87 (70,51-60,70) vs. -78,07 (83,66-72,87) vs.-78,46 (85,41-71,99] unidades Hounsfield (HU), respectivamente, p<0,001) e AGPm na ADA [-71,47 (76,40-66,610 vs. -79,32 (84,37-74,59) vs. -82,52 (88,44-75,81) HU, respectivamente, p=0,006) em comparação aos NUEAA e CS. A AGPm na ACX não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [-72,41 (77,17-70,37) vs. -80,13 (86,22-72,23) vs. -78,29 (80,63-72,29) HU, respectivamente, p=0,163). Em comparação aos NUEAA e aos CS, o grupo UEAA apresentaram maiores níveis de IL-1 [0,975 (0,847-1,250) vs. 0,437 (0,311-0,565) vs. 0,530 (0,402-0,780) DO, respectivamente, p=0,002), IL-6 [1,195 (0,947-1,405) vs. 0,427 (0,377-0,577) vs. 0,605 (0,332-0,950) DO, p=0,005) e IL-10 [1,145 (0,920-1,292) vs. 0,477 (0,382-0,591) vs. 0,340 (0,316-0,560) DO, p<0,001]. TNF-α não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [0,520 (0,250-0,610) vs. 0,377 (0.261-0,548) vs. 0,350 (0,182-430)]. Conclusão Em comparação aos NUEAA e controles, os UEAA apresentam maior AGPm e maior perfil de citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas, sugerindo que os EAA podem induzir aterosclerose por inflamação coronária e sistêmica.

Abstract In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is used for surface disinfection. However, little is known about its ability to improve biocompatibility of metallic surfaces when compared to thermal plasma methods. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the response of human endothelial cells (Ea.hy926) on titanium surfaces treated by non-thermal plasma method and thermal plasma method under nitriding atmosphere. The wettability was characterized by the sessile drop method, the topography and roughness were evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the microstructure by grazing angle X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). Endothelial cells were cultured and evaluated for morphology by scanning electron microscopy and viability by an MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. CAP treatment reduced the contact angle of the Ti surface (13.43° ± 1.48; p<0.05), increasing hydrophilicity. Rz roughness was higher on the nitrided surface (220.44±20.30; p< 0.001) compared to the CAP treated surfaces (83.29 ± 11.61; p< 0.001) and polished (75.98 ±34.21a); p<0.001). The different applied plasma treatments created different titanium surfaces improving the biocompatibility of endothelial cells, however CAP results demonstrate its potential for biomedical applications, considering the low cost and ease of use of the technique, allowing surface treatments before clinical procedures.

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify Eimeria spp. in alternative poultry production systems (APPS) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Fecal samples (168) and DNA extracted from fecal samples obtained in APPS located in different Municipalities in the State of São Paulo (93) were examined by microscopy or genera-specific PCR (ITS-1 locus). Samples positive for Eimeria spp. were examined using Eimeria lata, Eimeria nagambie, and Eimeria zaria species-specific PCR protocols (ITS-2 locus) and another E. lata-specific PCR (candidate IMP1 genomic locus) followed by molecular cloning (E. lata and E. zaria ITS-2 amplicons) and genetic sequencing. All positive DNA samples were also submitted to genera-specific nested PCR (18S rRNA gene) followed by next-generation sequencing to identify Eimeria spp. Eimeria nagambie, E. zaria, and Eimeria sp. were identified by ITS2-targeted species-specific PCRs and genetic sequencing. Next-generation sequencing identified, in order of prevalence: E. nagambie; Eimeria acervulina; Eimeria mivati; Eimeria praecox; Eimeria brunetti; Eimeria mitis; Eimeria sp.; Eimeria maxima; E. zaria, and Eimeria necatrix/tenella. Our results confirmed, for the first time in Brazil, the identification of E. nagambie, E. zaria, and Eimeria spp. ITS-2 and 18S rRNA gene sequences not yet described in Brazil.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar Eimeria spp. em galinhas domésticas criadas em sistemas de criação alternativos (SCA). Foram utilizadas 93 amostras de DNA e 168 amostras de fezes de galinhas provenientes de SCA, localizados em 17 municípios do estado de São Paulo. As amostras foram examinadas por microscopia ou PCR gênero-específica (locus ITS-1); aquelas positivas foram examinadas por PCRs espécie-específicas para Eimeria lata, Eimeria nagambie e Eimeria zaria (locus ITS-2), seguidas de clonagem (E. lata e E. zaria) e sequenciamento genético, e por outro protocolo de PCR específico para E. lata (locus IMP1). Adicionalmente, as mesmas amostras foram submetidas à nested PCR gênero-específica (gene 18S rRNA), seguida de sequenciamento de nova geração para identificação de Eimeria spp. Eimeria nagambie, E. zaria e Eimeria sp. foram identificadas pela PCR espécie-específica e sequenciamento genético. O sequenciamento de nova geração identificou, em ordem de prevalência: E. nagambie, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria mivati, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria sp., Eimeria maxima, E. zaria e Eimeria necatrix/tenella. Os resultados observados confirmaram, pela primeira vez no Brasil, a identificação de E. nagambie, E. zaria e de sequências de Eimeria spp. ainda não descritas no Brasil, referentes aos genes ITS-2 e 18S rRNA.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito da terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) em canais radiculares infectados com E. faecalis. Vinte e um dentes humanos extraídos foram selecionados, e 18 foram infectados por E. faecalis por 60 dias. As estratégias antimicrobianas testadas foram: G1. Preparo do canal radicular (PCR) com instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi, NaOCl 2,5% e irrigação final com EDTA 17%, seguido de PDT com fotossensibilizador azul de metileno e laser diodo de baixa potência; G2. PCR usando limas de aço inoxidável e os mesmos protocolos de irrigação e PDT do G1; G3. Protocolo de PCR similar que G1 sem PDT; G4. Somente irrigação com NaOCl 2,5%; G5. Protocolo similar ao G1, sem PCR; G6. Controle negativo; G7. Controle positivo. Amostras para exames microbiológicos foram coletadas inicialmente (S1), após PCR (S2) e após PDT (S3). Na sequência, as raízes foram seccionadas e preparadas para análise em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). O crescimento bacteriano foi analisado de acordo com a turbidez do meio de cultura seguida pela densidade óptica espectrofotométrica (nm). O efeito da PDT na estrutura dentinária foi avaliado em aumentos de 1.600X e 5.000X, e descrito qualitativamente. O teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado para as comparações dos mesmos espécimes e o teste de Mann-Whitney para as comparações entre os grupos ((=5%). Bactérias foram encontradas em todos os grupos experimentais, e em todas as coletas microbiológicas (S1, S2 e S3). A densidade óptica dos meios de cultura foi menor em S2 do que em S1 de G1, 2, 3 e 4 (p>0,05). Após a PDT (S3) em G1 e 2, houve redução adicional na densidade óptica do meio de cultura de 90,0% e 92,0%, respectivamente (p>0,05). No Grupo 5, a análise dos meios de cultura em S2 revelou um aumento de 3,2% na densidade óptica em comparação com S1(p>0,05). Nas imagens de MEV do G1, 2 e 5 foram evidenciadas dentina com áreas de fusão e recristalização. O PDT utilizado após preparo do canal radicular com sistema rotatório ou manual, associado ao NaOCl 2,5%, não foi capaz de eliminar completamente o E. faecalis em biofilme maduro presente no canal radicular.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on infected root canals. Twenty-one human teeth were selected, and 18 were infected by E. faecalis for 60 days. The antimicrobial strategies tested were: G1. Root canal preparation (RCP) using Niquel-Titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl, and final irrigation with 17% EDTA, followed by PDT with methylene blue photosensitizer and laser diode low power; G2. RCP using stainless steel files and the same irrigation and PDT protocols as G1; G3. Same RCP protocol as G1 without PDT; G4. Only irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; G5. Same PDT protocol as G1 without RCP; G6. Negative control; G7. Positive control. Samples for microbiological tests were collected initially (S1), after RCP (S2), and after PDT (S3). Subsequently, the roots were sectioned and prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis. Bacterial growth was analyzed according to the turbidity of the culture medium, followed by spectrophotometric optical density (nm). The effect of PDT on the dentinal structure was evaluated at magnifications 1,600X and 5,000X and described qualitatively. The Wilcoxon test was used for the comparisons from the same specimens, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to compare groups ((=5%). Bacteria were found in all experimental groups’ microbiological samples (S1, S2 and S3). The optical density of culture media was lower in S2 than in S1 of G1, 2, 3, and 4 (p> 0.05). After PDT (S3) in G1 and 2, there was an additional reduction in optical density of the culture medium, respectively (p>0.05). In Group 5, the analysis of culture media at S2 revealed an increase in optical density compared to S1(p>0.05). In SEM images of G1, 2, and 5, dentin with melting and recrystallization areas were evidenced. After preparation of the root canal with the rotary system or manually associated with 2.5% NaOCl, PDT was not able to completely eliminate E. faecalis present in the root canal.

Objectives: Past suicide attempt (SA) is one of the most important risk factors for suicide death. An ideation-to-action framework posits that impulsivity, potentially traumatic events, and mental disorders also play a role in increasing suicide risk. This study aimed to assess the association between trait impulsivity, lifetime exposure to trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with SA in a sample of Brazilian college students. Methods: A total of 2,137 participants filled self-reported questionnaires consisting of a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, Trauma History Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – Civilian version, and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Results: Our findings suggest that trait impulsivity may be interpreted as exerting a distal effect on SA, even in the presence of other variables – such as trauma history, psychological neglect, and PTSD – which also increase the odds of SA. High and medium levels of impulsivity, history of trauma, and PTSD increased the likelihood of SA. Conclusions: Intervention strategies to prevent SA may target trait impulsivity and exposure to traumatic experiences.

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma sequencia didática com kits multissensoriais que podem servir como materiais potencialmente significativos de acordo com os moldes da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel. Os autores desejam transformar a Física cada vez mais em uma Disciplina Inclusiva.

Abstract This paper presents a didactic sequence with Multisensory Kits that can serve as potentially meaningful materials according to the molds of David Ausubel's Meaningful Learning Theory. Authors look forward to turning Physics more and more into an Inclusive Discipline.

RESUMO O RNA-seq é uma técnica baseada no sequenciamento em larga escala de cDNAs derivados de transcritos - por meio de plataformas de sequenciamento de nova geração - amplamente utilizada atualmente para caracterizar o transcriptoma de um organismo. A análise dos dados de RNA-seq permite identificar genes diferencialmente expressos em uma determinada condição, como o estresse salino. Este estudo teve como objetivo prospectar genes do dendê (Elaeis guineensis) responsivos ao estresse salino e realizar sua caracterização funcional e estrutural. A folha apical de plantas jovens de dendê controle (condutividade elétrica de ~2 dS m-1) e estressadas (~40 dS m-1), coletadas aos 5 e 12 dias após o início do estresse, foi submetida à extração de RNA total, com três plantas (repetições) por tratamento. O genoma completo de E. guineensis, disponível no “National Center for Biotechnology Information”, foi utilizado como genoma de referência - BioProject PRJNA192219. A análise da expressão diferencial levou à seleção de sete genes, cujo nível de expressão aumentou entre 37 e 84 vezes sob estresse salino, para posterior caracterização. A estratégia utilizada neste estudo permitiu a seleção de sete genes responsivos ao sal suprarregulados durante o estresse, e alguns deles codificam proteínas já relatadas como responsáveis pela tolerância à salinidade em outras espécies de plantas por superexpressão ou knock-out.

ABSTRACT RNA-seq is a technique based on the large-scale sequencing of transcript-derived cDNAs using next-generation sequencing platforms mostly used today to characterize an organism’s transcriptome. The analysis of RNA-seq data allows for identifying genes differentially expressed in a given condition, such as salt stress. This study aimed to search and characterize genes from the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) highly up-regulated during salt stress, with a long-term goal of gene promoter prospection and validation. The apical leaves from the control (electrical conductivity of ~2 dS m-1) and salt-stressed (~40 dS m-1) young oil palm plants, collected at 5 and 12 days after the beginning of the stress, were subjected to extraction of total RNA, with three plants (replicates) per treatment. The complete genome ofE. guineensis, available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information, was used as the reference genome - BioProject PRJNA192219. The differential expression analysis led to the selection for further characterization of seven genes, which had increased expressions of 37-84 times under salt stress. The strategy used in this study enabled the selection of seven salt-responsive genes highly up-regulated during salt stress, and some of them coded for proteins already reported as responsible for salinity tolerance in other plant species through over-expression or knockout.