Instrument for identifying risk behaviors for bullying in adolescence

Silva, Tarciso Feijó da; Faria, Magda Guimarães de Araújo; Santos, Roberta Georgia Sousa dos; Moura, Verônica Caé da Silva; Silva, Josinei Feijó da; Rodrigues, Juliana de Moura

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2025-0081pt

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna. Nery 29 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2025-0081en linkcopy

Instrument for identifying risk behaviors for bullying in adolescence

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective to develop and validate the content of an instrument to identify risk behaviors for bullying in adolescence.

Method this methodological study, with a quantitative approach, was based on psychometrics according to the classic guidelines of Pasquali and DeVellis, and guided by the GRRAS recommendations for validity and reliability studies. A literature review, item development, pilot application, content validation with 10 health and education specialists, face validation with adolescents, and reliability analysis using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and temporal stability (test-retest) with 102 high school adolescents were performed.

Results the instrument, composed of 12 items distributed across four dimensions (perception of bullying, aggressive behaviors, influence of the family environment, and social support), obtained an average content validity index of 90.9% for adequacy and 91.8% for clarity, in addition to a stability of 92.4%. Internal consistency was satisfactory (α=0.73) and temporal stability was excellent (94.1%).

Conclusion and implications for practice the instrument presented evidence of content validity and reliability, configuring itself as a useful tool for health and nursing professionals in screening and monitoring risk behaviors related to bullying in school environments.

Keywords:
Adolescence; Bullying; Psychometrics; School Health Services; Validation Study

Dimension	Indicator (Item)	Content Validity Index – Adequacy (%) *	Content Validity Index – Clarity (%) **	Reliability Index – Test-retest (%) ***
Perception of bullying	1. There are instances of bullying at my school.	91.2	93.9	91.5
	2. I have witnessed someone being mistreated and did nothing.	92.2	88.8	90.8
	3. I believe that some jokes between classmates can be hurtful.	89.7	93.1	90.8
Aggressive behaviors	4. I have made jokes or comments that made someone uncomfortable.	87.8	94.2	92.2
	5. I have pushed, threatened, or hit someone at school.	92.8	91.2	94.4
	6. I have shared mean comments or gossip on social media.	93.7	92.4	93.5
Influence of the family environment	7. At home, we talk about how to treat people with respect.	90.5	91.7	92.0
	8. My parents or guardians often talk to me about bullying and its consequences.	88.6	89.9	91.8
	9. I have heard my family discussing bullying situations that have occurred at school.	89.4	90.3	92.6
Social support	10. I feel that I can count on my friends when I am sad or have a problem.	92.5	94.5	94.2
	11. I believe that I can ask teachers for help when I see or experience difficult situations.	91.6	92.1	93.7
	12. I have sought help for a friend who was being mistreated or excluded.	90.1	91.3	92.5
Overall average		90.9	91.8	92.4

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Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rua Afonso Cavalcanti, 275, Cidade Nova, 20211-110 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brasil, Tel: +55 21 3398-0952 e 3398-0941 - Rio de Janeiro - RJ - Brazil
E-mail: annaneryrevista@gmail.com

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[TFN100] ^*
Percentage of experts who considered the indicator very appropriate or appropriate to the principle;

[TFN200] ^**
Percentage of experts who considered the indicator very clear or clear;

[TFN300] ^***
Percentage of experts who agreed with the responses in the application replicas (test-retest).