MYOARTICULAR RECOVERY AFTER KUNG FU TRAINING

RECUPERAÇÃO MIOARTICULAR APÓS O TREINAMENTO DE KUNG FU

RECUPERACIÓN MIOARTICULAR TRAS EL ENTRENAMIENTO DE KUNG FU

ABSTRACT

Introduction

Kung fu is a Chinese martial art with continuous movements based on step movement and embodied by the transformation of body shapes, requiring the athletes to strengthen the lower limbs. Joint and muscle analysis are critical to verify the strength of athletes’ lower limbs and play a guiding role in evaluating the level of recovery for injured athletes.

Objective

Explore the myoarticular recovery effect after kung fu training.

Methods

24 kung fu athletes were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 6 males and 6 females in each group. The athletes in the experimental group received traditional martial training for 60 minutes, while the control group received relaxation training simultaneously. The experiment lasted for 6 months and was performed 6 times a month.

Results

After kung fu training, the rates of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group.

Conclusion

Kung fu training positively impacts the athletes’ muscle strength and joint strength. Kung fu training can also improve the level of myoarticular recovery and improve the flexibility of its practitioners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Kung Fu; Physical Education and Training; Physical Functional Performance

RESUMO

Introdução

O kung fu, é uma arte marcial chinesa com movimentos contínuos baseados no movimento de passos e materializado pela transformação da forma corporal, requerendo dos atletas uma boa força dos membros inferiores. A análise das articulações e dos músculos são fundamentais para verificar a força dos membros inferiores dos atletas e desempenham um papel guia na avaliação do nível de recuperação aos atletas lesionados.

Objetivo

Explorar o efeito de recuperação mioarticular após o treinamento de kung fu.

Métodos

24 atletas de kung fu foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e controle, com 6 homens e 6 mulheres em cada grupo. Os atletas do grupo experimental receberam treinamento marcial tradicional durante 60 minutos, enquanto o grupo de controle recebeu treinamento de relaxamento durante o mesmo tempo. O experimento durou 6 meses e foi realizado 6 vezes por mês.

Resultados

Após o treinamento de kung fu, os índices do grupo experimental foram maiores que os do grupo de controle.

Conclusão

O treinamento de kung fu revelou impactos positivos sobre a força muscular e a força articular dos atletas. O treinamento de kung fu pode melhorar ainda o nível de recuperação mioarticular e aprimorar a flexibilidade de seus praticantes. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

Kung Fu; Educação Física e Treinamento; Desempenho Físico Funcional

RESUMEN

Introducción

El kung fu, es un arte marcial chino con movimientos continuos basados en el movimiento de pasos y materializados por la transformación de la forma corporal, requiriendo de los atletas una buena fuerza de los miembros inferiores. El análisis de las articulaciones y los músculos es fundamental para verificar la fuerza de los miembros inferiores de los deportistas y desempeña un papel orientador en la evaluación del nivel de recuperación de los deportistas lesionados.

Objetivo

Explorar el efecto de recuperación mioarticular después del entrenamiento de kung fu.

Métodos

24 atletas de kung fu fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y de control, con 6 hombres y 6 mujeres en cada grupo. Los atletas del grupo experimental recibieron entrenamiento marcial tradicional durante 60 minutos, mientras que el grupo de control recibió entrenamiento de relajación durante el mismo tiempo. El experimento duró 6 meses y se realizó 6 veces al mes.

Resultados

Tras el entrenamiento de kung fu, los índices del grupo experimental fueron superiores a los del grupo de control.

Conclusión

El entrenamiento de kung fu reveló impactos positivos en la fuerza muscular y la fuerza articular de los atletas. El entrenamiento de kung fu también puede mejorar el nivel de recuperación mioarticular y aumentar la flexibilidad de sus practicantes. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Kung Fu; Educación y Entrenamiento Físico; Rendimiento Físico Funcional

INTRODUCTION

Wushu is a kind of movement that needs to constantly change in rhythm during the training process. It often changes the speed and direction of movement in the alternation of movement and the transfer of target.¹ During the movement process of direction change, there are quick stop and start actions. The completion of its continuous movement needs to cooperate with the upper limb muscles on the basis of the steps of stride and kick.² During the practice of various movements of Wushu, bones and joints usually bear high strength, including not only the impact and tension generated when punching and kicking, but also the self weight of the human body.³When performing martial arts movements, these forces often act on various muscles and joints in an instant. During Wushu training and competition, the body center of gravity of the athletes is usually kept at a low position, which is the habitual basic movement of Wushu athletes.⁴ When the center of gravity is low for a long time, the ligaments and muscles around the joints are always in a Contracting State, which will also cause adverse effects on the joints. Wushu athletes usually have low body center of gravity and stable lower limbs, which requires high joint stability. If the range of movement is too large or the strength is not balanced, it will cause dangerous actions such as excessive rotation and extension of the lower leg or excessive extension of the knee joint, which will cause certain damage to the knee joint and even cause ligament fracture, which is not conducive to the physical health of the athletes and adversely affect their martial arts career.⁵

There are many types of joint injury, including collateral ligament injury, meniscus injury and patella strain. When the martial arts movement is unfolded, the joints need to bear the forces from different directions. Once the movement relationship of joints, bones and muscles is not handled well or excessive force or release force, the joints may be damaged to varying degrees.⁶ Combined with human biology and muscle dynamics, the joint injury in martial arts is statistically analyzed. It is found that the most frequent injury is meniscus injury, followed by patella injury, and finally the lateral collateral ligament injury. Among them, the indirect cause of meniscus injury is the lack of muscle strength and weak endurance quality, and the more important direct cause is that when the joint load of the athletes accumulates to a certain extent, the joints can not bear the long-term high-strength force after repeated flexion, rotation and extension, thus leading to meniscus injury.⁷ For example, when the knee joint is bent to a certain position in the pedaling movement and stepping movement of Wushu, the meniscus will be subject to abnormal compression and stress concentration, resulting in meniscus injury.

METHOD

In this study, 24 male and female Wushu athletes were selected for the experiment, and they were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group, with 6 men and 6 women in each group. The study and all the participants were reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of The University of Suwon (NO.2020USAD98-RC). Before the experiment, the relevant physical parameters of the subjects in the two groups were measured, including age, height and weight. Through statistical analysis, there was no significant difference in physical characteristics between the male and female Wushu Athletes in the experimental group and the control group (P > 0.05), as shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Comparison of physical indexes of subjects in the two groups.

Category	Age	Height (cm)	Weight (kg)
Test group	20.45±1.6	168.14±6.8	60.67±7.3
Control group	19.35±1.3	167.44±6.6	62.64±5.2
t	0.25	0.12	1.15
p	P>0.05	P>0.05	P>0.05

24 martial arts athletes are randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Each group is 12 people, and the number of men and women is equal. The experimental group martial arts athletes conduct 1H traditional martial arts training at a time, and the control group only conducts the relaxation training of the same time. By recording the biceps, biceps, pectoralis, and trapezius muscles of the two groups of experiments to evaluate the muscle state; in addition, simultaneously record the peak torque (Nm) of the knee joint 180 °/s to the heart (Nm), Personal shrinking peak torque (Nm), relative peak power, endurance ratio, maximum active contraction (MVC) peak torque (Nm), and knee joint activity index, etc., further analyze the impact of motion training on the knee joint. This experiment lasts 6 months and performs 6 times a month.

This study uses SPSS20.0 to process data. At the same time, the data is represented by the mean and standard deviation. When P> 0.05 indicates that there is no significant difference between data, it is not statistically significant, and vice versa.

RESULTS

Effects of Wushu training methods on human muscles

As shown in Figure 1, before the experiment, except that the integrated electromyography of the deltoid anterior bundle of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the integrated electromyography of the muscles of the other experimental groups was lower than that of the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating that there was no initial difference between the data of the two groups before the experiment. However, it should be noted that the biceps brachii muscle value of the experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group.

Figure 1
Comparison of muscle integral and EMG parameters of subjects in the two groups before the experiment.

Analysis of Figure 2 found that after the experimental group’s triangular muscles, the integrated muscle electrical component of the component, and the latissimus dorsi muscle, and the differences between the group were significantly higher (P <0.05), the triara of the experimental group of the trial group’s two -ones of the group was The points of the head muscle and the trapezius muscle are lower than the control group, but the difference is also significant (P <0.05), which shows that after the martial arts training, it has a significant promotion of the athlete’s muscle parameters. Related muscle indicators have improved.

Figure 2
Comparison of muscle integral and electromyographic parameters of two groups of subjects after the experiment.

Relationship between Wushu training methods and sports rehabilitation

Although the athletes in the experimental group and the control group are different in the data of the five indicators (Table 2), the statistical analysis shows that the p-value scores are all greater than 0.05, indicating that the difference between the groups is not significant. Follow up control experiments can be carried out, which is conducive to the comparison of the data before and after the experiment.

Table 2
Comparison of knee joint parameters before experiment.

	180 °/s shrinking the peak torque (NM) to the heart (Nm)	Corporation shrinking peak torque (Nm)	Relative peak power	Endurance ratio	MVC Peak Torch (Nm)
Control group	114.39±6.9	202.46±13.7	2.91±0.1	0.66±0.2	166.02±12.8
Test group	118.44±10.8	226.76±14.7	3.02±0.2	0.62±0.1	173.11±14.7
t	-5.12	-20.36	-0.12	0.04	-7.54
p	P>0.05	P>0.05	P>0.05	P>0.05	P>0.05

The results in Table 3 show that the peak moment of 180° / s centripetal contraction of the knee joint of the athletes in the experimental group increases the most, nearly 40 nm, and there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group (P < 0.01), which also shows that Wushu training has a positive impact on the joint performance of the athletes.

Table 3
Comparison of knee joint parameters after experiment.

	180 °/s shrinking the peak torque (NM) to the heart (Nm)	Corporation shrinking peak torque (Nm)	Relative peak power	Endurance ratio	MVC Peak Torch (Nm)
Control group	118.44±10.8	227.77±14.7	3.02±0.2	0.61±0.1	173.12±14.7
Test group	160.96±13.7	261.17±15.7	3.72±0.2	0.73±0.1	190.31±17.7
t	-40.23	-35.12	-0.69	-0.11	-11.57
p	P<0.01	P<0.01	P<0.01	P<0.01	P>0.05

It can be found from Table 4 that before Wushu training, the knee joint activity of the experimental group was (108.73 ± 32.2) °, and that of the control group was (108.31 ± 31.9) °, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After Wushu training, the knee joint activity of the experimental group and the control group was significantly different, of which the control group was (109.31 ± 32.3)°, and the experimental group was (144.76 ± 39.4)°. Horizontal comparison found that the knee joint mobility of the experimental group athletes was also greatly improved.

Table 4
Comparison of knee joint mobility of two groups of athletes (°).

Category	Before	After
Control group	108.31±31.9	109.31±32.3
Test group	108.73±32.2	144.76±39.4
t	0.07	2.23
p	P>0.05	P<0.05

DISCUSSION

The study found that after a period of martial arts exercise, the condition of muscle and joint pain has been significantly improved. Therefore, martial arts exercise has a good promoting effect on relieving muscle pain, and compared with functional exercise, the effect of martial arts exercise is more significant. After analysis and discussion, there are two main reasons. First, Wushu has a certain psychological adjustment effect, which can reduce the human body’s perception of joint pain and enhance its pain tolerance. Pain is affected by many different factors, but in the final analysis, pain is a subjective feeling that varies from person to person. It is greatly affected by the self experience and physical condition of athletes. Among them, psychological factors of athletes are the most important reason. Psychological factors play a very important leading role in the pain feelings of athletes. After the onset of sports, athletes suffer from long-term mental stress, which often leads to the decline of sleep quality and certain psychological anxiety, which will reduce their pain tolerance and make the human body more sensitive to pain. According to relevant research, Wushu is not only good for physical health, but also effective in reducing stress and anxiety. It can improve psychological stress and enhance mental dullness. In this experimental study, the effect of Wushu on relieving muscle and joint entanglement was also verified. Therefore, the decrease of athletes’ perception of the pain experience does not mean that the pain actually disappears.

The data before and after the experiment show that in terms of the influence on the MVC ability of the knee extensors of the athletes, Wushu training has an effect on the test results of the two groups. The results of the two groups have been improved on the original basis, but their significance is not high. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the post-test. The reason for this is that the most likely reason is that the generation mode of contraction elastic energy is mainly “short program” contraction. The starting speed of the action is relatively fast and the correlation with static contraction is weak. Therefore, the data of the knee joints of athletes do not change much before and after, and the impact is small. After the training, the indexes of the experimental group showed that the training effect was better than that of the control group using traditional strength training. This is mainly because the muscle joint recovery training can use the rapid expansion of the skeletal muscle to store certain energy during the exercise, and can give the skeletal muscle certain external force stimulation, provide greater energy reserves for the subsequent centripetal contraction of the skeletal muscle, and produce greater output effects. Centrifugal contraction is one of the important basic links of muscle and joint recovery training. After this training, the ability of centrifugal contraction of extensors of both knee joints of the subject was significantly improved.

CONCLUSION

There are many changes in the rhythm of martial arts, and there are continuous sudden stop and sudden start movements. At the same time, the coordination and cooperation of the upper and lower limbs are also required. Therefore, athletes are required to maintain a stable state with a low center of gravity in the process of martial arts, which puts forward higher requirements on the bearing capacity of muscles and joints. Knee injury, joint injury and muscle strain are the most common. How to improve the recovery ability of muscles and joints after martial arts and maintain the flexibility of joints is one of the focuses of martial arts research. In this paper, a comparative experiment was carried out on the recovery of muscle joints after martial arts training. According to the comparison of the parameters of the integrated EMG of the anterior deltoid muscle of the athletes in martial arts sports, it is concluded that martial arts training can improve the muscle indexes, especially the muscle endurance of the subjects has been improved by stars. At the same time, the knee joint parameters of Wushu athletes are compared, which proves that Wushu sports have obvious influence on the joint performance of athletes. Among them, the centrifugal contraction ability of the extensors of the subjects’ bilateral knee joints has been improved to a certain extent, which indicates that martial arts can improve the flexibility of the body joints. Because Wushu Sports pay attention to the fluency of the whole set of movements, and cooperate with breathing regulation and physical and mental relaxation, it can comprehensively improve the human function. Long term Wushu training can also improve the recovery level of athletes’ muscles and joints. The research on the recovery of muscles and joints after Wushu training in this paper provides a certain reference value for the promotion of Wushu and the scientific training and performance improvement of Wushu athletes.

REFERENCES

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  13 Jan 2023
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  21 Sept 2022
• Accepted
  21 Oct 2022