Non-verbal nurse-parturient communication in labor in Portuguese-speaking countries

Beserra, Gilmara de Lucena; Oliveira, Paula Marciana Pinheiro de; Pagliuca, Lorita Marlena Freitag; Almeida, Paulo César de; Anjos, Saiwori de Jesus Silva Bezerra dos; Pinheiro, Ana Karina Bezerra

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.3032.3193

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Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 27 • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3032.3193 copy

Non-verbal nurse-parturient communication in labor in Portuguese-speaking countries^* * Paper extracted from master’s thesis “Comunicação enfermeiro e parturiente na fase ativa do trabalho de parto: cenário Brasil e Cabo Verde”, presented to Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Redenção, CE, Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective:

to analyze nonverbal communication between nurse and parturient during the active phase of labor in two Portuguese-speaking countries.

Method:

a quantitative and analytical study, whose sample consisted of 709 interactions that used the nonverbal communication of nurses and parturients. The analyzed variables were: distance; posture; axis; contact; emblematic gestures; illustrator gestures and regulatory gestures. For the analysis of the data, the Chi-Square and Likelihood Ratio tests were used.

Results:

the intimate distance between nurse and parturient in both countries (p = 0.005) prevailed. In both, touch was the most commonly used form of contact (p <0.0001). In both countries, the parturient remained lying down (p <0.0001). In relation to the established contact (p <0.0001), the parturient did not use contact. The face-to-face axis predominated in the interactions in both countries between nurse-parturient (p <0.0001) and parturient-nurse (p <0.0001).

Conclusion:

similarities were observed in non-verbal communication between nurses and parturients in both countries. However, there are differences such as the established contact between Brazilian and Cape Verdean nurses to parturients.

Descriptors:
Nonverbal Communication; Obstetric Nursing; Labor, Obstetric; Women’s Health; Natural Childbirth; Nursing Care

Variable	Brazil		Cape Verde		p
Variable	n	%	n	%	p
Nonverbal Communication-Nurse					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Nurse	258	43.7	67	56.3
Absent	332	56.3	52	43.7
Distance					0.005^* * Chi-square test;
Intimate	175	29.7	37	31.1
Personal	83	14.1	30	25.2
Ausente	332	56.3	52	43.7
Posture					<0.0001^† † Likelihood Ratio Test
Standing	239	40.5	47	39.5
Sitting	17	2.9	20	16.8
Lying Down	1	0.2	-	-
Kneeling	1	0.2	-	-
Absent	332	56.3	52	43.7
Axis					<0.0001^† † Likelihood Ratio Test
Face to face	160	27.1	55	46.2
Backwards	4	0.7	-	-
Other angle	59	10.0	12	10.1
Sociopeto-encouragement	34	3.4	-	-
Absent	333	39.8	52	43.7
Contact					<0.0001^† † Likelihood Ratio Test
Touch	75	12.7	32	26.9
Caring / Feeling up	14	2.4	-	-
Grabbing	1	0.2	-	-
Hold on for a long time	15	2.5	7	5.9
Local touch	48	8.1	4	3.3
Accidentaly graze	5	0.8	7	5.9
No contact	100	16.9	17	14.3
Absent	332	56.3	52	43.7
Emblematic Gestures					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Tap the foot	7	1.2	1	0.8
Move the hands	149	25.3	66	55.5
Other	102	17.3	-	-
Absent	332	56.3	52	43.7
Illustrating Gestures					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Complements verbal language	177	30.0	65	54.6
Does not complement	81	13.7	2	1.7
Absent	332	56.3	52	43.7
Regulatory Gestures					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Head shaking	97	16.4	1	0.8
Move the eyes	74	12.5	66	55.5
Others	87	14.7	-	-
Absent	332	56.3	52	43.7

Variable	Brazil		Cape Verde		p
Variable	n	%	n	%	p
Nonverbal Communication-Nurse					0.018^* * Chi-square test;
Parturient	262	44.4	67	56.3
Absent	328	55.6	52	43.7
Distance					0.003^* * Chi-square test;
Intimate	177	30.0	35	29.4
Personal	85	14.4	32	26.9
Ausente	328	55.6	52	43.7
Posture					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Standing	34	5.8	2	1.7
Sitting	33	5.6	-	-
Lying Down	186	31.5	65	54.6
Posture	328	37.5	52	43.7
Axis					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Face to face	159	26.9	34	28.6
Another angle	59	10.0	33	27.7
Ausente	328	55.6	52	43.7
Contact					<0.0001^† † Likelihood Ratio Test
Touch	28	4.7	16	13.4
Grab	14	2.4	8	6.7
Hold on long	8	1.4	15	12.6
Accidentally brushing	48	8.1	8	6.7
No contacts	148	25.1	20	16.8
Absent	328	55.6	52	43.7
Emblematic Gestures					<0.0001^† † Likelihood Ratio Test
Move hands	129	21.9	67	56.3
Other	131	22.2	-	-
Absent	329	55.8	52	43.7
Illustrator Gestures					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Complements verbal language	160	27.1	66	55.5
Absent	329	55.8	52	43.7
Regulatory Gestures					<0.0001^* * Chi-square test;
Head shaking	110	18.6	2	1.7
Move your eyes	84	14.2	65	54.6
Others	66	11.2	-	-
Absent	330	55.9	52	43.7

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[1] Corresponding author: Gilmara de Lucena Beserra. E-mail: gilmaralucenaufc@gmail.com