Psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool - General version in nursing workers

Santin Júnior, Lacir José; Martins, Bianca Gonzalez; Campos, Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini; Vazquez, Ana Claudia Souza; Marziale, Maria Helena Palucci; Mendes, Isabel Amelia Costa; Freire, Neyson Pinheiro; Schaufeli, Wilmar B.; De Witte, Hans; Rocha, Fernanda Ludmilla Rossi

doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7367.4425

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Original Article • Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem 33 • 2025 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.7367.4425 linkcopy

Psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool - General version in nursing workers ^*

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Objective: to analyze the validity evidence of the BAT – General version in a sample of Brazilian nursing workers.

Method: a cross-sectional study design with non-probability sampling method was used among 3594 Brazilian nursing workers. The validity evidence was assessed by means of analysis based on the internal structure, on the relations to external variables, and on response process of the items.

Results: the factor models of the BAT – General version showed goodness-of-fit to the data. However, the complete factor model enabled a better understanding of burnout syndrome in the sample. It was attested the BAT – General version dimensions were positively correlated with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms and negatively correlated with job satisfaction and satisfaction with life. The validity evidence analysis based on response process of the items revealed that BAT – General version works properly both in the group of nursing workers who reported having emotional or psychological health problems and in the group who denied these problems.

Conclusion: the results provided robust validity evidence of the BAT – General version in Brazilian nursing workers.

Descriptors:
Occupational Health; Nursing; Burnout; Psychometrics; Psychological Stress; Burnout Assessment Tool

Highlights:

(1) BAT – General version was shown to be a robust and consistent instrument.

(2) BAT – General version can become an important management tool for nursing leaders.

(3) It is a tool that can be used in the individual assessment of burnout symptoms.

(4) BAT – General version should not be used for clinic diagnosis of burnout.

Model	λ*	TLI ^†	CFI ^‡	RMSEA ^§ [90%CI] ^\|\|	SRMR ^¶	AVE**	CR ^††	α ^‡‡
BAT-C^§§	0.768-0.927	0.964	0.969	0.092 [0.090-0.094]	0.040	0.732-0.769	0.916-0.964	0.910-0.961
BAT-S^\|\|\|\|	0.719-0.920	0.972	0.979	0.099 [0.094-0.104]	0.039	0.608-0.661	0.886-0.906	0.881-0.897
BAT32-6^¶¶	0.711-0.940	0.961	0.965	0.073 [0.071-0.074]	0.035	0.609-0.769	0.886-0.964	0.881-0.961
BAT32-5***	0.706-0.937	0.957	0.961	0.077 [0.075-0.078]	0.039	0.590-0.769	0.916-0.964	0.910-0.961
BAT12^†††	0.790-0.924	0.981	0.986	0.084 [0.080-0.088]	0.032	0.704-0.824	0.877-0.934	0.872-0.931
BAT32 SOHM^‡‡‡	0.710-0.941	0.955	0.959	0.078 [0.077-0.079]	0.044	0.609-0.769	0.886-0.964	0.881-0.961

	EX*	MD ^†	CI ^‡	EI ^§	PD ^\|\|	PC ^¶	BURNOUT**
DEPR ^††	0.779	0.751	0.584	0.771	0.774	0.671	0.849
ANX ^‡‡	0.711	0.636	0.534	0.723	0.782	0.789	0.812
STRES ^§§	0.779	0.676	0.606	0.812	0.827	0.706	0.865
SWLS ^\|\|\|\|	-0.472	-0.455	-0.347	-0.432	-0.459	-0.418	-0.505
JOBSATISF ^¶¶	-0.492	-0.623	-0.376	-0.421	-0.442	-0.395	-0.529

Samples	n	λ*	TLI ^†	CFI ^‡	RMSEA ^§ [90%CI] ^\|\|	SRMR ^¶	α**
Test	1799	0.714-0.945	0.964	0.967	0.070 [0.068-0.072]	0.036	0.879-0.961
Validation	1795	0.708-0.935	0.962	0.965	0.072 [0.070-0.074]	0.037	0.883-0.961
Invariance (CFI)^¶ M₀:Configural=0.966; M₁:Metric=0.967; M₂: Scalar=0.968; ∆CFI<0.01 (M₁-M₀; M₂-M₁)
Male	484	0.763-0.948	0.967	0.970	0.070 [0.066-0.074]	0.041	0.913-0.963
Female	622	0.727-0.945	0.967	0.970	0.065 [0.062-0.069]	0.040	0.877-0.962
Invariance (CFI)^¶ M₀:Configural=0.970; M₁: Metric=0.970; M₂: Scalar=0.969; ∆CFI<0.01 (M₁-M₀; M₂-M₁)
+ Emotional problems^††	2500	0.654-0.926	0.950	0.955	0.072 [0.071-0.074]	0.040	0.854-0.950
- Emotional problems^‡‡	1071	0.685-0.929	0.959	0.963	0.065 [0.063-0.068]	0.043	0.867-0.956
Invariance (CFI)^¶ M₀: Configural=0.957; M₁: Metric=0.957; M₂: Scalar=0.960; ∆CFI<0.01 (M₁-M₀; M₂-M₁)

Item	Subgroup 1*		Subgroup 2 ^†		DIF	Pseudo R²
Item	Infit	Outfit	Infit	Outfit	p-value	McFadden	Nagelkerke
1	0.803	0.800	0.820	0.819	0.000	0.002	0.002
2	0.942	0.946	1.065	1.173	0.079	0.001	0.001
3	0.788	0.788	0.777	0.779	0.039	0.001	0.001
4	0.815	0.793	0.846	0.848	0.370	0.000	0.000
5	0.792	0.777	0.797	0.770	0.625	0.000	0.000
6	0.775	0.760	0.702	0.655	0.917	0.000	0.000
7	0.830	0.816	0.849	0.842	0.004	0.001	0.001
8	0.771	0.753	0.776	0.767	0.329	0.000	0.000
9	0.909	0.910	1.031	1.058	0.199	0.000	0.000
10	1.090	1.229	1.252	2.308	0.199	0.000	0.000
11	1.031	1.071	1.053	1.031	0.953	0.000	0.000
12	1.171	1.308	1.205	1.675	0.103	0.000	0.001
13	0.942	0.927	0.938	0.895	0.058	0.001	0.001
14	1.075	1.117	1.183	1.391	0.013	0.001	0.001
15	1.110	1.122	1.105	1.150	0.000	0.003	0.005
16	0.985	0.974	1.026	1.018	0.000	0.002	0.003
17	1.137	1.079	1.062	1.093	0.003	0.001	0.003
18	0.841	0.820	0.840	0.812	0.838	0.000	0.000
19	0.873	0.853	0.746	0.659	0.322	0.000	0.000
20	1.097	1.112	1.027	1.055	0.202	0.000	0.001
21	0.764	0.768	0.731	0.698	0.003	0.001	0.001
22	0.895	0.914	0.852	0.827	0.892	0.000	0.000
23	1.276	1.369	1.233	1.634	0.068	0.001	0.001
24	0.904	0.929	0.937	0.959	0.175	0.000	0.000
25	0.692	0.691	0.680	0.683	0.000	0.002	0.001
26	1.000	1.007	0.944	0.936	0.000	0.003	0.005
27	1.150	1.273	1.227	1.382	0.105	0.000	0.001
28	1.172	1.210	1.138	1.227	0.001	0.002	0.003
29	1.263	1.372	1.185	1.249	0.359	0.000	0.000
30	1.243	1.324	1.209	1.233	0.118	0.000	0.001
31	1.163	1.214	1.198	1.225	0.186	0.000	0.001
32	1.099	1.118	1.018	0.954	0.139	0.000	0.001

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Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3387 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] *λ = Factor loadings; ^†TLI = Tucker-Lewis index; ^‡CFI = Comparative Fit Index; ^§RMSEA = Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; ^||90% CI = 90% Confidence Interval; ^¶SRMR = Standardized Root Mean Square Residual; **AVE = Average variance extracted; ^††CR = Composite reliability; ^‡‡α = Ordinal alpha coefficient. ^§§BAT-C = Core/primary symptoms; ^||||BAT-S = Secondary symptoms; ^¶¶BAT32-6 = Primary and secondary symptoms; ***BAT32-5 = Primary symptoms and 1 factor with 10 secondary symptoms; ^†††BAT12 = Short version of primary symptoms; ^‡‡‡BAT32 SOHM = Second-order hierarchical model

Psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool - General version in nursing workers *

Highlights:

Psychometric properties of the Burnout Assessment Tool - General version in nursing workers ^*