Development and validation of a video on bed baths

the video was based on the literature and presents the definition of bed bath, indications for its performance, steps to perform it, and potential complications. Nursing professors and nurses validated it. They assessed the pertinence of content, clarity, and language of the video scenes. The Delphi Technique was used in this phase. After recording, three nursing professors, along with undergraduate nursing students from a public university, assessed the educational video. The professors first watched the video and suggested changes, and then the students watched the video after the changes were implemented.

Results:

six rounds were needed for experts to validate the video script using the Delphi Technique. After the video recording, undergraduate students considered the video of easy understanding.

Conclusion:

the video script was composed of four topics and was validated by experts after six rounds. The video was assessed by the professors and nursing undergraduate students, who considered the topics and the video as a whole as apprehensible. This study is expected to contribute to professional training and improvement of the knowledge and skills of nursing students.

Descriptors:
Baths; Validation Studies; Video-audio Media; Nursing; Education, Nursing; Instructional Films and Videos

	Indication
	Content	Clarity	Order of dialogue	Language
Round 1	2.95	2.71	3.00	2.86
Round 2	2.79	2.79	3	2.93
Round 3	2.79	2.93	3	3
Round 4	3	3	3	2.86
Round 5	3	3	3	3
Round 6	3	3	3	3

	Procedure				Complications
	Content	Clarity	Order of dialogue	Language	Content	Clarity	Order of dialogue	Language
Round 1	2.52	2.52	2.67	2.57	2.43	2.71	2.86	2.71
Round 2	2.98	2.97	3	2.94	2.98	2.98	3	3
Round 3	2.99	2.98	3	2.98	3	2.9	3	2.81
Round 4	3	2.95	3	2.94	2.95	3	3	2.95
Round 5	3	2.97	3	2.95	2.93	3	3	3
Round 6	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3

Topic	Round 1	Round 2	Round 3	Round 4	Round 5
Indication	To include indication of bed bathing for patients with self-care disorders	To include examples of changes in self-care.	Text order changed.	No change was proposed.	No change was proposed.
Procedure	To include phrases related to patient safety (raise bed rails, remove the plastic covering venous access after the bath, and concomitantly clean the patient's bed and furniture with 70% alcohol solution).	To include phrase related to inform of the need to practice hygiene of the upper and lower limbs on the opposite side of the professional washing the patient and include a modified technique of the procedure for patients with reduced mobility and/or who are unconscious.	To include the justification of why not to apply comforting massage vigorously on bone prominences and where pressure injuries are starting to appear (stage I) and keep the call-light close to the patient after bathing. The text order was changed regarding the procedure for unconscious patients or patients with reduced mobility.	No change was proposed.	No change was proposed.
Complications	To include other bath-related complications (microbial translocation).	To include interventions to prevent complications such as changing the dressings affixing tubes and probes after bathing.	To include (endotracheal) tube specificities.	To include interventions to prevent complications such as covering the peripheral venous access to prevent infection.	To include information about keeping patients in severe condition under hemodynamic monitoring.

Variable	Mean	SD^* * SD = Standard deviation;	SE^† † SE =Standard error;	Median	Min^§ § Min = Minimum	Max^‖ ‖ M =maximum	N	p-value (Wilcoxon Test)
Video as a whole	4.75	0.47	0.06	5	3	5	64	<0.0001
Definition	4.81	0.43	0.05	5	3	5	64	<0.0001
Indication	4.95	0.21	0.03	5	4	5	64	<0.0001
Procedure	4.77	0.5	0.06	5	3	5	64	<0.0001
Complications	4.78	0.49	0.06	5	3	5	64	<0.0001

Variable	Frequency of 5's	% of 5's	n	CI^* * CI = Confidence interval 95%
Variable	Frequency of 5's	% of 5's	n	Upper	Lower
Video as a whole	49	77%	64	64%	86%
Definition	53	83%	64	68%	89%
Indication	61	95%	64	87%	99%
Procedure	51	80%	64	68%	89%
Complications	52	81%	64	70%	90%

Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto / Universidade de São Paulo Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-902 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil, Tel.: +55 (16) 3315-3451 / 3315-4407 - Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brazil
E-mail: rlae@eerp.usp.br

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[1] Corresponding author: Juliana de Lima Lopes E-mail: juliana.lima@unifesp.br