Respondents motivations for starting insulin, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Encouragement from a physician/healthcare provider |
69.2 |
58.0 |
78.4 |
70.9 |
* |
|
|
Improved glycemic control |
42.9 |
48.0 |
49.0 |
32.7 |
|
|
|
Concern about developing complications of diabetes |
46.2 |
48.0 |
41.2 |
49.1 |
|
|
|
Preference for injections over pills |
17.9 |
6.0 |
23.5 |
23.6 |
* |
* |
|
Inability to tolerate other antihyperglycemic medications |
4.5 |
4.0 |
3.9 |
5.5 |
|
|
|
Sources of recommendations to start insulin, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primary care physician |
57.1 |
54.0 |
52.9 |
63.6 |
|
|
|
Another individual in physician’s office |
1.9 |
0.0 |
3.9 |
1.8 |
|
|
|
Endocrinologist |
31.4 |
38.0 |
35.3 |
21.8 |
|
|
|
Diabetes educator |
9.0 |
8.0 |
5.9 |
12.7 |
|
|
|
Respondent |
0.6 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
|
|
|
Provider’s reasons for recommendation to start insulin, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Improved glycemic control |
74.4 |
72.0 |
78.4 |
72.7 |
|
|
|
Prevention of complications of diabetes |
61.5 |
64.0 |
52.9 |
67.3 |
|
|
|
Inability to tolerate other antihyperglycemic medications |
9.6 |
8.0 |
5.9 |
14.5 |
|
|
|
Degree to which the respondent felt views were considered, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Not at all/slightly |
17.9 |
20.0 |
21.6 |
12.7 |
|
|
|
Somewhat |
26.3 |
30.0 |
15.7 |
32.7 |
|
|
|
Very/fully |
55.8 |
50.0 |
62.7 |
54.5 |
|
|
|
Feelings when considering insulin, % agree/strongly agree |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sense of failure |
32.7 |
20.0 |
39.2 |
38.2 |
* |
* |
|
Reassurance that insulin would help manage diabetes |
87.2 |
86.0 |
92.2 |
83.6 |
|
|
|
Belief that insulin was not necessary |
34.6 |
24.0 |
49.0 |
30.9 |
* |
|
|
Feeling that insulin indicated that diabetes was worsening |
71.8 |
74.0 |
72.5 |
69.1 |
|
|
|
Fear of developing complications of diabetes |
78.8 |
80.0 |
80.4 |
76.4 |
|
|
|
Concerns before starting insulin, % agree/strongly agree |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worry that insulin would not provide glycemic control |
50.0 |
38.0 |
56.9 |
54.5 |
|
|
|
Fear of self-injection |
59.6 |
52.0 |
64.7 |
61.8 |
|
|
|
Fear of making mistakes during self-injection |
68.6 |
64.0 |
72.5 |
69.1 |
|
|
|
Worry that scarring or bruising would result from injections |
59.6 |
50.0 |
68.6 |
60.0 |
|
|
|
Worry about proper insulin storage |
73.1 |
66.0 |
82.4 |
70.9 |
|
|
|
Concern about carrying insulin around |
67.3 |
66.0 |
74.5 |
61.8 |
|
|
|
Worry that regular insulin use would interfere with daily activities |
63.5 |
56.0 |
72.5 |
61.8 |
|
|
|
Concern that he/she would need to visit physician/nurse more often |
60.3 |
50.0 |
64.7 |
65.5 |
|
|
|
Concern that he/she would need to monitor blood glucose more often |
62.2 |
50.0 |
66.7 |
69.1 |
|
* |
|
Concern about potentially frequent hypoglycemia |
71.2 |
68.0 |
72.5 |
72.7 |
|
|
|
Concern about becoming insulin dependent |
69.2 |
72.0 |
64.7 |
70.9 |
|
|
|
Concern about the ability to pay for insulin therapy |
48.7 |
36.0 |
60.8 |
49.1 |
* |
|
|
Worry about potential weight gain |
61.5 |
58.0 |
62.7 |
63.6 |
|
|
|
Worry about injecting insulin in front of other people |
62.2 |
50.0 |
74.5 |
61.8 |
* |
|
|
Number of concerns before starting insulin, mean (SD) |
8.8 (4.3) |
7.8 (4.0) |
9.6 (4.3) |
8.9 (4.4) |
* |
|
|
Concerns after one week of using insulin, % agree/strongly agree |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Worry that insulin will not provide glycemic control |
42.3 |
18.0 |
54.9 |
52.7 |
* |
* |
|
Discomfort regarding self-injection |
46.8 |
24.0 |
51.0 |
63.6 |
* |
* |
|
Fear of making mistakes during self-injection |
47.4 |
28.0 |
47.1 |
65.5 |
* |
* |
|
Bothered by scarring or bruising resulting from injections |
46.2 |
28.0 |
51.0 |
58.2 |
* |
* |
|
Burdened by proper insulin storage |
42.3 |
24.0 |
52.9 |
49.1 |
* |
* |
|
Burdened by carrying insulin around |
39.7 |
26.0 |
49.0 |
43.6 |
* |
|
|
Feeling that regular insulin use interferes with daily activities |
35.9 |
22.0 |
41.2 |
43.6 |
* |
* |
|
Burdened by the need to visit physician/nurse more often |
47.4 |
30.0 |
56.9 |
54.5 |
* |
* |
|
Burdened by the need to monitor blood glucose more often |
38.5 |
26.0 |
47.1 |
41.8 |
* |
|
|
Bothered by frequent hypoglycemia |
54.5 |
40.0 |
60.8 |
61.8 |
* |
* |
|
Concern about becoming insulin dependent |
51.9 |
36.0 |
58.8 |
60.0 |
* |
* |
|
Burdened by paying for insulin therapy |
44.9 |
30.0 |
54.9 |
49.1 |
* |
* |
|
Bothered by weight gain |
55.8 |
48.0 |
62.7 |
56.4 |
|
|
|
Discomfort injecting insulin in front of other people |
47.4 |
32.0 |
58.8 |
50.9 |
* |
* |
|
Number of concerns after one week of using insulin, mean (SD) |
6.4 (4.8) |
4.1 (3.2) |
7.5 (5.3) |
7.5 (4.8) |
* |
* |
|
Challenges during the first week of insulin use, % difficult/very difficult |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Injecting insulin |
38.5 |
40.0 |
37.3 |
38.2 |
|
|
|
More frequent blood glucose monitoring |
25.6 |
28.0 |
25.5 |
23.6 |
|
|
|
Titration |
35.9 |
44.0 |
33.3 |
30.9 |
|
|
|
Proper insulin storage |
28.8 |
26.0 |
31.4 |
29.1 |
|
|
|
Remembering to inject insulin regularly |
32.7 |
32.0 |
35.3 |
30.9 |
|
|
|
Making time during the day to inject insulin |
26.3 |
26.0 |
25.5 |
27.3 |
|
|
|
Feeling confident about treating hypoglycemia |
28.2 |
26.0 |
29.4 |
29.1 |
|
|
|
Dealing with emotions about needing insulin |
29.5 |
28.0 |
27.5 |
32.7 |
|
|
|
Worry about the reaction to insulin use from friends/family |
26.3 |
20.0 |
25.5 |
32.7 |
|
|
|
Number of challenges during the first week of insulin use, mean (SD) |
2.7 (2.8) |
2.7 (2.7) |
2.7 (3.0) |
2.7 (2.8) |
|
|
|
Adverse events experienced while taking insulin, % |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Uncontrolled high blood glucose |
23.1 |
14.0 |
39.2 |
16.4 |
* |
|
* |
Symptoms of hypoglycemia |
43.6 |
42.0 |
43.1 |
45.5 |
|
|
|
Weight gain |
45.5 |
36.0 |
49.0 |
50.9 |
|
|
|
Injection site reaction |
33.3 |
32.0 |
31.4 |
36.4 |
|
|
|