Adaptive tasks: school transition from the 5<sup>th</sup> to 6<sup>th</sup> grade of elementary education

Cassoni, Cynthia; Correia-Zanini, Marta R. G.; Marturano, Edna Maria; Fontaine, Anne Marie

doi:10.1590/1413-82712020250307

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Papers • Psico-USF 25 (3) • Jul-Sep 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712020250307 copy

Adaptive tasks: school transition from the 5^th to 6^th grade of elementary education

Tarefas Adaptativas: Transição Escolar do 5º para o 6º Ano doEnsino Fundamental

Tareas Adaptativas: Transición Escolar del 5º para el 6º Año de la Enseñanza Fundamental

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Within the ages of ten and thirteen years, children experience changes in elementary school. Focusing on students from public schools, the aim of this study was to investigate whether, from the 5^th to 6^th grade, they change indicators of performance, social skills, self-satisfaction and support network, self-concept and stress dimensions from one grade to another. A total of 379 students (212 girls), with a mean age of 10.6 years (SD = 0.91), participated at the beginning of the study. Instruments: Social Skills Assessment System; Child Stress Scale; Proof Brazil; Questionnaire for Self-Concept Evaluation; Multidimensional Scale of Life Satisfaction for Children. The results indicate a decrease in social skills, self-concept and life satisfaction; indicators of stress symptoms and academic performance increased from the 5^th to 6^th grade. The results are partially in agreement with previous findings of adverse effects of transition.

Keywords:
school transition; elementary school; social skills; stress; academic performance

		Total sample				Boys		Girls
Variable	Grade	N = 379				n=167		n=212
		M	SD	F	η² _p	M	SD	M	SD	F	η² _p
Responsability/cooperation¹²	5^th	1.50	0.39			1.45	0.44	1.54	0.34
	6^th	1.34	0.45	42.01	0.10	1.26	0.48	1.41	0.41	9.57	0.02
Empathy¹²	5^th	1.52	0.38			1.43	0.42	1.59	0.34
	6^th	1.41	0.40	23.19	0.05	1.28	0.41	1.52	0.35	36.32	0.08
Overall social skills¹²	5^th	1.51	0.32			1.44	0.35	1.56	0.28
	6^th	1.38	0.34	50.57	0.11	1.27	0.35	1.47	0.31	32.54	0.07
Portuguese¹²	5^th	13.58	4.94			12.87	4.80	14.13	4.99
	6^th	15.37	5.38	46.21	0.10	14.62	5.32	15.97	5.37	7.93	0.00
Math¹²	5^th	15.77	4.09			16.24	3.87	15.40	4.23
	6^th	17.48	4.06	67.94	0.15	17.83	4.21	17.21	3.93	3.91	0.01
Overall academic performance¹	5^th	29.37	8.11			29.17	7.69	29.53	8.44
	6^th	32.86	8.28	80.93	0.17	32.45	8.63	33.18	8.00	0.51	0.00
Stress symptoms¹²	5^th	1.10	0.66			0.97	0.59	1.20	0.69
	6^th	1.26	0.73	20.74	0.05	1.10	0.70	1.40	0.72	18.97	0.04

		Total sample				Boys		Girls
Variable	Grade	N = 379				(n=167)		(n=212)
		M	SD	F	η² _p	M	SD	M	SD	F	η² _p
General schoolself-concept¹	5^th	3.12	0.62			3.06	0.60	3.17	0.64
	6^th	2.80	0.71	69.07	0.15	2.78	0.72	2.82	0.70	1.49	0.00
Portuguese/verbalself-concept¹²	5^th	3.07	0.66			2.96	0.72	3.15	0.59
	6^th	2.94	0.75	9.43	0.02	2.86	0.76	3.01	0.71	8.27	0.02
Math¹²	5^th	3.21	0.67			3.37	0.61	3.09	0.69
	6^th	2.93	0.77	48.75	0.11	3.04	0.76	2.85	0.77	14.26	0.03
Physical appearance¹	5^th	3.39	0.60			3.42	0.59	3.37	0.62
	6^th	3.25	0.69	14.30	0.03	3.30	0.65	3.22	0.72	1.27	0.00
Physical competence¹²	5^th	3.14	0.60			3.43	0.50	2.91	0.58
	6^th	3.02	0.68	6.01	0.01	3.35	0.57	2.75	0.63	118.35	0.23
Relationshipwith parents¹	5^th	3.35	0.61			3.43	0.56	3.29	0.65
	6^th	3.30	0.68	14.10	0.03	3.39	0.64	3.23	0.70	1.49	0.00
Relationshipwith friends¹	5^th	3.20	0.56			3.24	0.56	3.17	0.56
	6^th	3.11	0.57	8.44	0.02	3.16	0.57	3.08	0.58	2.17	0.00
Global¹	5^th	3.48	0.44			3.48	0.46	3.48	0.43
	6^th	3.41	0.49	6.01	0.01	3.40	0.51	3.42	0.47	0.06	0.00
Overall self-concept¹²	5^th	3.23	0.36			3.28	0.37	3.19	0.35
	6^th	3.08	0.42	51.31	0.12	3.14	0.42	3.03	0.41	8.83	0.02

		Total sample				Boys		Girls
Variable	Grade	N = 379				(n=167)		(n=212)
		M	SD	F	η² _p	M	SD	M	SD	F	η² _p
Self¹²	5^th	4.15	0.79			4.04	0.90	4.23	0.69
	6^th	4.01	0.79	9.02	0.02	3.88	0.81	4.10	0.76	9.49	0.02
Comparative self¹²	5^th	2.50	0.86			2.62	0.87	2.40	0.85
	6^th	2.33	0.87	12.23	0.03	2.48	0.85	2.20	0.87	10.92	0.02
Friendship²	5^th	4.16	0.70			4.06	0.77	4.24	0.62
	6^th	4.10	0.69	3.00	0.00	3.95	0.74	4.21	0.62	14.53	0.03
Family¹	5^th	4.47	0.74			4.42	0.82	4.51	0.66
	6^th	4.37	0.70	5.25	0.01	4.34	0.70	4.40	0.69	1.22	0.00
School¹²	5^th	3.91	0.82			3.71	0.93	4.06	0.69
	6^th	3.51	0.87	68.44	0.15	3.32	0.91	3.65	0.81	22.44	0.05
Overall lifesatisfaction¹²	5^th	3.79	0.49			3.74	0.58	3.84	0.40
	6^th	3.62	0.45	33.13	0.08	3.56	0.47	3.67	0.42	7.54	0.02

Universidade de São Francisco, Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Psicologia R. Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Vl. Cura D'Ars (SWIFT), Campinas - São Paulo, CEP 13045-510, Telefone: (19)3779-3771 - Campinas - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revistapsico@usf.edu.br

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Adaptive tasks: school transition from the 5th to 6th grade of elementary education

Tarefas Adaptativas: Transição Escolar do 5º para o 6º Ano doEnsino Fundamental

Tareas Adaptativas: Transición Escolar del 5º para el 6º Año de la Enseñanza Fundamental

Abstract

Adaptive tasks: school transition from the 5^th to 6^th grade of elementary education