Alterações morfológicas e citológicas do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L, var. Bourbon (B. Rodr.) Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva decorrentes das deficiências e excessos dos macronutrientes

Accorsi, Walter R.; Haag, Henrique P.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761959000100002

Resumo

The present work was carried out in order to study: (1) the symptoms of deficiency and excess of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg) in the coffee plant (Coffea arabica L. var. Mundo novo); (2) the modifications induced by those treatments in the hystological make up of the leaves; (3) the effects of deficiency and excess on the growth and in the chemical composition of the plants. Young coffee plants were grown in nutrient solution, three treatments being used, namely: complete solution (HOAGLAND & ARNON, 1950), deficient solution, in which a giVen element was omitted, and solution with 3 times the concentration of the element under study. The main conclusions can be summaryzed as follows. 1. SYMPTOMS. Clear cut symptoms of malnutrition were observed in the treatments: -N, -P, +P, -Ca, -Mg, -S and +S; the signals - and + stared respectively for deficient and excess level. 2. HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS. The most definite alterations took place in the treatments +P, -Mg and +S. Usually the characteristics of the chloroplasts were affected: loss of the green color and coalescence into irregular bodies.

Alterações morfológicas e citológicas do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L, var. Bourbon (B. Rodr.) Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva decorrentes das deficiências e excessos dos macronutrientes^* ^**

Walter R. Accorsi; Henrique P. Haag

Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"

SUMMARY

The present work was carried out in order to study:

(1) the symptoms of deficiency and excess of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg) in the coffee plant (Coffea arabica L. var. Mundo novo);

(2) the modifications induced by those treatments in the hystological make up of the leaves;

(3) the effects of deficiency and excess on the growth and in the chemical composition of the plants.

Young coffee plants were grown in nutrient solution, three treatments being used, namely: complete solution (HOAGLAND & ARNON, 1950), deficient solution, in which a giVen element was omitted, and solution with 3 times the concentration of the element under study.

The main conclusions can be summaryzed as follows.

1. SYMPTOMS.

Clear cut symptoms of malnutrition were observed in the treatments: -N, -P, +P, -Ca, -Mg, -S and +S; the signals - and + stared respectively for deficient and excess level.

2. HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS.

The most definite alterations took place in the treatments +P, -Mg and +S. Usually the characteristics of the chloroplasts were affected: loss of the green color and coalescence into irregular bodies.

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BIBLIOGRAFIA

Referências bibliográficas

ACCORSI, W. R., 1949 - Características morfológicas, anatômicas e citológicas da epiderme inferior da folha das Rubiaceae, Lilloa, 26:5-59.
AVERNA-SACCÁ, R., 1926 - As manifestações pathológicas que acompanham o desenvolvimento da broca Stephanodores hampei Ferr., nos fructos ou nas sementes do cafeeiro, Publ. n.° 15 da Secretaria da Agricultura, Comércio e Obras Públicas do Estado de S. Paulo.
BAUMEISTER, W., 1952 - Mineralstoffe und Planzen wachstum, Verlag Von Gustav Fischer, Jena.
GIBES, H. & G. SAMUELS, 1957 - Mineral deficiency symptons displayed by sweet potato plants grown under controlled conditions, Agr. Exp. Sta. Univ. of Puerto Rico, Tech. paper 20.
CURTIS, O. F. & D. G. CLARK, 1950 - An introduction to Plant Physology, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, New York.
EATON, S. V., 1949 - Effects of phosphorus deficiency on growth and metabolism of sunplower, The Botanical Gazette, 100: 438-49.
ECKSTEIN, O., A. BRUNO, J. N. TURRENTINE, 1937 - Kennzeichen des Kalimangels, Verlasgesellschaft für Ackerbau, Berlin.
FRANCO, C. M., H. C. MENDES, 1949 - Sintomas de deficiências minerais no cafeeiro, Bragantia, 9:165-173.
HAAG, H. P., 1958 - Efeitos das deficiências e excessos de macronu-trientes no crescimento e na composição do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L. ver. bourbon (B. Rodr. Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Tese de doutoramento - 103 pág. mimeografada. Piracicaba.
HAABER, A. E., 1956 - Modern coffee production, Leonard Hill Limited, London.
HOAGLAND, D. D., D. I. ARNON, 1950 - The water- culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Calif., Circ. 347.
JACOB, A., 1955 - KALI-gewinnung und anwendung der Kali DÜNGE-SALZE, Verlag J. NEUMANN-NEUDAMM, MELSUNGEN.
KALRA, G. S., 1956 - Responses of the temato plant to calcium deficiency, The Botanical Gazette, 118:18-37.
LOUÉ, A., 1957 - Studies on the inorganic nutrition of the coffee tree in Ivoy Coast, Publ. pelo International Potash Institute, Berne, Switzerland.
MENARD, L. N., 1956 - Efeitos do fósforo e de alguns micronutrien-tes no crescimento e composição química do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Caturra, K. M. C.) cultivado em solução nutritiva, Tese de doutoramento - 64 pág. mimeografados, Piracicaba.
MILLER, E. V., 1957 - Chemistry of Plants, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, U.S.A.
SOROKIN, H. and A. L. SOMMER, 1940 - Effects of calcium deficiency upon the roots of Pisum sativum, American Journal of Botany, 27:308-318.
STRENGE, H. V., 1954 - Kaffee - Anbau und Dungung, RhurStickstoff, Bochum.
THOMAS, M. D., 1958 - Handbuch Der Planzenphysiodogie, Vol. IX, SPRINGERVERLAG, Berlin.
VILLALOBOS-DOMINGUEZ, C., J. VILLALOBOS, 1947 - Atlas de los colores, Libreria El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
WEDIN, W. P. & B. E. STRUCKMEYER, 1958 - Effects of chloride and sulfate ions on the growth, leaf burn, composition and anatomical structure of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), Plant Physiology, 33:133-39.

*

Os autores agradecem à Fundação Rockefeller e ao Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas a ajuda em equipamento e material utilizados neste experimento.

**

Trabalho aprovado pela X Reunião Anual da Sociedade Botânica do Brasil, realizada na Escola Nacional de Agronomia, no período de 18 a 24 de janeiro de 1959.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Set 2012
Data do Fascículo
1959

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ACCORSI, W. R., 1949 - Características morfológicas, anatômicas e citológicas da epiderme inferior da folha das Rubiaceae, Lilloa, 26:5-59.

[2] AVERNA-SACCÁ, R., 1926 - As manifestações pathológicas que acompanham o desenvolvimento da broca Stephanodores hampei Ferr., nos fructos ou nas sementes do cafeeiro, Publ. n.° 15 da Secretaria da Agricultura, Comércio e Obras Públicas do Estado de S. Paulo.

[3] BAUMEISTER, W., 1952 - Mineralstoffe und Planzen wachstum, Verlag Von Gustav Fischer, Jena.

[4] GIBES, H. & G. SAMUELS, 1957 - Mineral deficiency symptons displayed by sweet potato plants grown under controlled conditions, Agr. Exp. Sta. Univ. of Puerto Rico, Tech. paper 20.

[5] CURTIS, O. F. & D. G. CLARK, 1950 - An introduction to Plant Physology, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, New York.

[6] EATON, S. V., 1949 - Effects of phosphorus deficiency on growth and metabolism of sunplower, The Botanical Gazette, 100: 438-49.

[7] ECKSTEIN, O., A. BRUNO, J. N. TURRENTINE, 1937 - Kennzeichen des Kalimangels, Verlasgesellschaft für Ackerbau, Berlin.

[8] FRANCO, C. M., H. C. MENDES, 1949 - Sintomas de deficiências minerais no cafeeiro, Bragantia, 9:165-173.

[9] HAAG, H. P., 1958 - Efeitos das deficiências e excessos de macronu-trientes no crescimento e na composição do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L. ver. bourbon (B. Rodr. Choussy) cultivado em solução nutritiva. Tese de doutoramento - 103 pág. mimeografada. Piracicaba.

[10] HAABER, A. E., 1956 - Modern coffee production, Leonard Hill Limited, London.

[11] HOAGLAND, D. D., D. I. ARNON, 1950 - The water- culture method for growing plants without soil. Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Berkeley, Calif., Circ. 347.

[12] JACOB, A., 1955 - KALI-gewinnung und anwendung der Kali DÜNGE-SALZE, Verlag J. NEUMANN-NEUDAMM, MELSUNGEN.

[13] KALRA, G. S., 1956 - Responses of the temato plant to calcium deficiency, The Botanical Gazette, 118:18-37.

[14] LOUÉ, A., 1957 - Studies on the inorganic nutrition of the coffee tree in Ivoy Coast, Publ. pelo International Potash Institute, Berne, Switzerland.

[15] MENARD, L. N., 1956 - Efeitos do fósforo e de alguns micronutrien-tes no crescimento e composição química do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L., var. Caturra, K. M. C.) cultivado em solução nutritiva, Tese de doutoramento - 64 pág. mimeografados, Piracicaba.

[16] MILLER, E. V., 1957 - Chemistry of Plants, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, U.S.A.

[17] SOROKIN, H. and A. L. SOMMER, 1940 - Effects of calcium deficiency upon the roots of Pisum sativum, American Journal of Botany, 27:308-318.

[18] STRENGE, H. V., 1954 - Kaffee - Anbau und Dungung, RhurStickstoff, Bochum.

[19] THOMAS, M. D., 1958 - Handbuch Der Planzenphysiodogie, Vol. IX, SPRINGERVERLAG, Berlin.

[20] VILLALOBOS-DOMINGUEZ, C., J. VILLALOBOS, 1947 - Atlas de los colores, Libreria El Ateneo, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

[21] WEDIN, W. P. & B. E. STRUCKMEYER, 1958 - Effects of chloride and sulfate ions on the growth, leaf burn, composition and anatomical structure of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), Plant Physiology, 33:133-39.