Concentrado proteico de soja em dietas para camarão-branco-do-pacífico criado em sistema de bioflocos: efeito na saúde e desafio com vibrio

O presente trabalho avaliou os parâmetros imunológicos e a resistência contra o Vibrio sp. (CPQBA 378-12 DRM01) de camarões marinhos Litopenaeus vannamei alimentados com diferentes níveis de concentrado proteico de soja em substituição à farinha de peixe e cultivados em sistema de bioflocos. Foram formuladas quatro dietas com 0, 33, 66 e 100 % de concentrado proteico de soja em substituição a farinha de peixe. Os camarões foram cultivados em 12 tanques de 800 L com 250 camarões m^-3, sob temperatura e aeração constantes. Após 42 dias, 36 animais (14,21 ± 0,89 g) por tratamento foram desafiados com Vibrio sp. (1 x 10⁵ UFC mL^-1 - DL₁₀). Antes e após o desafio foi coletada hemolinfa para avaliação dos parâmetros imunológicos (título aglutinante, concentração de proteína no soro e atividade da fenoloxidase). Não houve diferença na resistência ao desafio e nos parâmetros imunológicos entre os tratamentos. Portanto, o cultivo de L. vannamei em sistema de bioflocos utilizando dietas com substituição total ou parcial com concentrado proteico de soja não afeta sua imunocompetência e susceptibilidade a infecção bacteriana.

Palavras-chave:
resposta imunológica; infecção; proteína vegetal; Litopenaeus vannamei

Autoria

Delano Dias Schleder ^**Author for correspondence. E-mail: delano.schleder@ifc.edu.br

Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia Catarinense, Campus de Araquari, BR-28, km 27, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil.Instituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia CatarinenseBrazilAraquari, Santa Catarina, BrazilInstituto Federal de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia Catarinense, Campus de Araquari, BR-28, km 27, 89245-000, Araquari, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Adolfo Jatobá

Bruno Corrêa da Silva

Centro de Desenvolvimento da Aquicultura e Pesca, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa CatarinaBrazilFlorianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Centro de Desenvolvimento da Aquicultura e Pesca, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Daniel Paulo Damin Ferro

Walter Quadros Seiffert

Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaBrazilFlorianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil Laboratório de Camarões Marinhos, Departamento de Aquicultura, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Felipe do Nascimento Vieira

*Author for correspondence. E-mail: delano.schleder@ifc.edu.br

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figuras | Tabelas

Figuras (2)
Tabelas (2)

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Figure 1
Phylogenetic tree derived from partial 16S rDNA sequence data for bacteria related to the CPQBA 378-12-DRM 01 strain, which was isolated from L. vannamei broodstock from the maturation sector of LCM-UFSC and used for bacterial challenge. Sequence data was from The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) and GenBank.

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Figure 2
Cumulative mortality of BFT-reared Litopenaeus vannamei fed with diets containing different replacement levels of fishmeal by soybean protein concentrate and challenged with Vibrio sp. strain (CPQBA 378-12 DRM01) for 96h.

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Table 1
Ingredients and proximal composition of the experimental diets with different replacement levels of fishmeal by soybean protein concentrate.

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Table 2
Haemato-immunological parameters of BFT-reared Litopenaeus vannamei (n = 15) fed diets with different levels of protein concentrate to replace fishmeal before (BC) and after (AC) challenge with Vibrio sp. strain (CPQBA 378-12 DRM01) for 96h.

Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree derived from partial 16S rDNA sequence data for bacteria related to the CPQBA 378-12-DRM 01 strain, which was isolated from L. vannamei broodstock from the maturation sector of LCM-UFSC and used for bacterial challenge. Sequence data was from The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) and GenBank.

Figure 2 Cumulative mortality of BFT-reared Litopenaeus vannamei fed with diets containing different replacement levels of fishmeal by soybean protein concentrate and challenged with Vibrio sp. strain (CPQBA 378-12 DRM01) for 96h.

Table 1 Ingredients and proximal composition of the experimental diets with different replacement levels of fishmeal by soybean protein concentrate.

Ingredients (g kg^-1)	Replacement levels (%)
Ingredients (g kg^-1)	0	33	66	100
Fish meal (590 g kg^-1 crude protein)	208.7	131.9	60.0	0.0
¹Soybean protein concentrate	0.0	65.0	120.0	171.6
Soybean meal (450 g kg^-1 crude protein)	350.0	350.0	350.0	350.0
Rice grits	80.0	80.0	80.0	80.0
Wheat flour	250.0	250.0	250.0	250.0
Soy lecithin	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Fish oil	6.2	13.4	20.0	25.1
Soybean oil	20.0	20.0	20.0	20.4
Potassium chloride	15.0	14.0	10.0	9.1
Sodium chloride	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Magnesium Sulfate	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
Vitamin-C	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kaolin	8.8	13.4	23.7	26.6
Monocalcium phosphate	20.0	0.00	0.00	0.00
²Premix	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Proximal composition (g kg^-1)
³Digestible protein	272.0	274.0	272.0	271.0
Crude protein	333.9	326.7	321.6	318.8
Crude lipid	63.1	66.4	60.6	66.3
Nitrogenan-free extract	350.6	369.3	380.0	389.9
Ash	126.7	121.0	114.3	104.3
Crude fiber	21.9	23.9	21.9	26.9
Moisture	103.9	92.8	101.6	98.8
⁴Energy	3909.0	3973.0	3.903.0	4002.0
⁵Energy.Crude protein^-1	11.7	12.1	12.1	12.5

¹Proximate composition: 63.07 % crude protein, 1.38 % ether extract, 4.66 % crude fiber, 6.79 % moisture and volatiles, 6.32 % ash, 17.78 % nitrogen free extract, 1.38 % acid hydrolysis extract; 4,426.0 cal.g^-1; amino acid profile: aspartic acid 6.67 %, glutamic acid 10.03 %, serine 2.65 %, glycine 1.90 %, histidine 1.68 %, arginine 3.69 %, threonine 1.74 %, proline 2.73 %, tyrosine 1.69 %, valine 2.73 %, methionine 0.71 %, methionine + cystine 1.37 %, isoleucine 2.82 %, leucine 4.99 %, phenylalanine 3.04 % and lysine 3.92 %. ²DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil Ltda. (São Paulo, SP, Brazil): vit. A - 1,250,000 UI; vit. D3 - 350,000 UI; vit. E - 25,000 UI; vit. K3 - 500.0 mg; vit. B1 - 5,000.0 mg; vit B2 4,000.0 mg; vit. B6 - 5,000.0 mg; B12 - 10.0 mg; nicotinic acid - 15,000.0 mg; pantothenic acid - 10,000.0 mg; biotin - 150.0 mg; folic acid - 1.25 mg; vit. C - 25,000.0 mg; choline - 50,000.0 mg; inositol 30,000.0 mg; iron - 2,000.0 mg; copper - 3,500.0 mg; copper chelate - 1,500.0 mg; zinc - 10,500.0 mg; zinc chelate - 4,500.0 mg; manganese - 4,000.0 mg; selenium - 15.0 mg; selenium chelate - 15.0 mg; iodine - 150.0 mg; cobalt 30.0 mg; chromium - 80.0 mg. ³Estimation according to the ingredients used (Jatobá et al., 2017Jatobá, A., Vieira, F. d. N., Silva, B. C., Soares, M., Mouriño, J. L. P., & Seiffert, W. Q. (2017). Replacement of fishmeal for soy protein concentrate in diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc-based rearing system. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(9), 705-713.); ⁴Cal.g^-1. ⁵kcal.g crude protein^-1. Amino acids were measured using AOAC (2005Association Official Analytical Chemist [AOAC]. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis (18th ed.). Gaitherburg, MD: AOAC International.) official method 994.12, except methionine and cystine measured using AOAC (2005Association Official Analytical Chemist [AOAC]. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis (18th ed.). Gaitherburg, MD: AOAC International.) official method 985.28. Protein contents were also measured according to AOAC (2005Association Official Analytical Chemist [AOAC]. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis (18th ed.). Gaitherburg, MD: AOAC International.) using the Dumas nitrogen combustion method. Crude lipids were quantified using the ether extraction method, and energy was determined with a bomb calorimeter. Crude fibre, ash, and moisture were determined using AOAC (2005Association Official Analytical Chemist [AOAC]. (2005). Official Methods of Analysis (18th ed.). Gaitherburg, MD: AOAC International.) official methods 978.10, 942.05, and 930.15, respectively.

Table 2 Haemato-immunological parameters of BFT-reared Litopenaeus vannamei (n = 15) fed diets with different levels of protein concentrate to replace fishmeal before (BC) and after (AC) challenge with Vibrio sp. strain (CPQBA 378-12 DRM01) for 96h.

Treatments		0%	33%	66%	100%
Agglutination titer (log₂ x+1)	BC^*	12.33±0.58	13.00±0.0	12.67±0.58	12.25±0.0
Agglutination titer (log₂ x+1)	AC	10.33±0.58	11.00±0.0	10.67±0.58	10.50±0.58
PO activity (unit min^-1 mg^-1)	BC	46.58±14.28	35.08±4.75	40.19±2.43	36.54±1.63
PO activity (unit min^-1 mg^-1)	AC	41.06±2.98	38.59±5.35	43.29±9.69	37.44±1.77
Protein concentration (mg mL^-1)	BC^*	167.09±25.66	161.96±10.84	135.23±13.9	153.01±14.74
Protein concentration (mg mL^-1)	AC	87.14±4.76	93.65±11.97	85.99±10.50	95.16±2.99

*Indicates statistical differences in the Tukey test (p < 0.05) between groups before and after challenge. Mean ± standard deviation.

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Concentrado proteico de soja em dietas para camarão-branco-do-pacífico criado em sistema de bioflocos: efeito na saúde e desafio com vibrio

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[1] *Author for correspondence. E-mail: delano.schleder@ifc.edu.br