Factors determining the relative efficiency of Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology

Silva, Sheldon William; Benedicto, Gideon Carvalho de; Carvalho, Francisval de Melo

doi:10.1590/1982-57652024v29id2787905

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Article • Avaliação (Campinas) 29 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-57652024v29id2787905 copy

Factors determining the relative efficiency of Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The Federal Network of Professional, Scientific and Technological Education, linked to the Ministry of Education, has 38 Federal Institutes present in all Brazilian states and the Federal District. Created in 2005, the Expansion Plan for the Federal Network of Vocational Education aimed to expand the presence of these institutions throughout the national territory. Starting from the premise of the importance of federal public education, this paper analyzes the relative efficiency of the management of public financial resources of the Brazilian Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology. The research has a quantitative approach and covers the four-year period 2016-2019. As for the type of sampling, the research worked with the research universe, based on a document analysis in the annual analysis reports of the management indicators of these institutions. The research uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to measure the relative efficiency of these institutes and the Tobit regression analysis model to verify the conditioning factors of these efficiency levels. The result set has shown a great heterogeneity between the institutions analyzed in the period, revealing that only 39.5% of Brazilian IFETs operate above the average relative efficiency score. The institutions that presented the best efficiency scores gradually expanded the course offerings and the number of vacancies over the years to optimize the existing workforce.

Keywords:
efficiency; professional education; performance indicators.

Variables	GCORR	RIM	RCM	EAC	RAP	RFE	ITCD	RIV
GCORR	1.00	0.12	0.15	0.07	0.09	-0.17^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.34^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	-0.03
RIM	0.12	1.00	0.58^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	0.20^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.17^* * significant at 5% probability;	-0.40^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	0.22^* * significant at 5% probability;	-0.27^* * significant at 5% probability;
RCM	0.15	0.58^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	1.00	0.55^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	0.22^* * significant at 5% probability;	-0.54^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	0.16^* * significant at 5% probability;	-0.35^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.
EAC	0.07	0.20^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.55^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	1.00	0.12	-0.05	0.02	-0.24^ significant at 1% probability;
RAP	0.09	0.17^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.22^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.12	1.00	-0.30^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	0.15	0.21^* * significant at 5% probability;
RFE	-0.17^* * significant at 5% probability;	-0.40^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	-0.54^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	-0.05	-0.30^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	1.00	-0.26^ significant at 1% probability;	0.24^ significant at 1% probability;
ITCD	0.34^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	0.22^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.16^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.02	0.15	-0.26^ significant at 1% probability;	1.00	-0.36^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.
RIV	-0.03	-0.27^* * significant at 5% probability;	-0.35^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	-0.24^ significant at 1% probability;	-0.21^* * significant at 5% probability;	0.24^ significant at 1% probability;	-0.36^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability.	1.00

Variable	Description
GCORR	total expenditure of the Institution, deducting expenses with inactive staff and pensioners, court orders and investment expenses, action 20RW (Support for Professional, Scientific and Technological Training) and action 8252 (Distance Professional and Technological Education
RIM	percentage of entrants to total enrollment
RCM	percentage of graduates out of total enrollment
EAC	proportion of graduates compared to the total number of enrollments completed at the institution, whether through completion or dropout
RAP	relationship between students and teachers
ITCD	sum of all permanent teachers weighted by their title (Graduation: 1, Further Education: 2, Specialization: 3, Master's: 4 and Doctorate: 5), divided by the total number of teachers

Variable	Description
EFI	efficiency score generated through DEA-BCC
NCAMPI	number of campi belonging to IFETs
QALN	number of students enrolled
QPROF	number of teachers
QVAGAS	number of vacancies offered
RFE	number of students retained / enrollments
RIV	number of entrants / number of vacancies

GCORR	Average	Standard deviation	Coefficient of variation	Maximum	Minimum
2016	280,309,465	125,844,328	44.9%	630,438,660	58,784,423
2017	318,466,775	139,697,737	43.9%	744,430,366	80,171,215
2018	342,946,851	150,645,962	43.9%	805.387.470	93,896,246
2019	363,953,533	162,642,231	44.7%	875,667,601	102,593,950

Year	Total	GCORR Growth	Accumulated
2016	10,651,759,670.84	0.00%	0.00%
2017	12,101,737,444.41	11.98%	11.98%
2018	13,031,980,324.00	7.14%	19.12%
2019	13,830,234,272.23	5.78%	24.90%

RIM	Average	Standard deviation	Coefficient of Variation	Maximum	Minimum
2016	33.80	10.40	30.70%	60.20	17.10
2017	35.60	9.16	25.70%	63.20	22.20
2018	38.60	7.66	19.80%	57.80	25.00
2019	40.80	9.94	24.40%	81.00	28.30
RCM
2016	11.60	4.95	42.90%	26.50	3.70
2017	19.60	6.42	32.80%	35.30	8.72
2018	19.00	5.32	28.00%	31.20	8.54
2019	17.20	7.46	43.40%	48.10	7.65
EAC
2016	45.70	9.38	20.50%	63.70	28.30
2017	47.20	11.80	25.00%	78.00	21.90
2018	51.60	11.00	21.40%	78.90	25.70
2019	52.90	10.00	18.90%	75.70	35.70
RAP
2016	19.70	3.26	16.60%	25.40	12.30
2017	22.10	3.84	17.40%	32.20	15.10
2018	24.00	3.65	15.20%	32.20	17.40
2019	24.90	4.56	18.30%	40.60	16.50
ITCD
2016	3.85	0.28	7.27%	4.23	3.03
2017	3.82	0.33	8.64%	4.28	2.96
2018	3.97	0.24	6.05%	4.33	3.44
2019	4.12	0.21	5.10%	4.44	3.66

Efficiency range		Cumulative frequency
Efficiency range	2016	2017	2018	2019
1.00	1 (2.63%)	1 (2.63%)	1 (2.63%)	2 (5.26%)
0.90 - 0.99	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.63%)	1 (2.63%)	2 (5.26%)
0.80 - 0.89	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.63%)	1 (2.63%)	0 (0.0%)
0.70 -0.79	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
0.60 - 0.69	1 (2.63%)	1 (2.63%)	0 (0.0%)	4 (10.53%)
0.50 - 0.59	3 (7.90%)	6 (15.79%)	7 (18.42%)	3 (7.90%)
0.40 - 0.49	2 (5.26%)	4 (10.53%)	5 (13.15%)	6 (15.79%)
0.30 - 0.39	9 (23.68%)	9 (23.68%)	7 (18.42%)	9 (23.68%)
0.20 - 0.29	14 (36.85%)	11 (28.95%)	12 (31.57%)	9 (23.68%)
0.10 - 0.19	8 (21.00%)	4 (10.53%)	3 (7.90%)	3 (7.90%)
0.00 - 0.09	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)

Efficiency	Average	Standard devi- Coefficient of ation variation		Maximum	Minimum
2016	0.3089	0.1736	56.19%	1.0000	0.1456
2017	0.3907	0.2013	51.52%	1.0000	0.1414
2018	0.3919	0.2029	51.78%	1.0000	0.1506
2019	0.4380	0.2272	51.88%	1.0000	0.1646
Overall average	0.3824	0.2069	51.40%	1.0000	0.1545

Federal Institute	Efficiency level
Federal Institute	2016	2017	2018	2019	Average	Classification
IFAP	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1,000	1
IFAC	0.680	0.934	0.939	0.907	0.865	2
IFRR	0.590	0.826	0.875	1,000	0.823	3
IF SERTÃO	0.540	0.624	0.585	0.662	0.603	4
IFMS	0.542	0.577	0.581	0.695	0.599	5
IF SUL DE MINAS	0.366	0.511	0.510	0.910	0.574	6
IFB	0.455	0.556	0.525	0.571	0.527	7
IFRO	0.392	0.566	0.537	0.609	0.526	8
IFTM	0.387	0.521	0.555	0.545	0.502	9
IFS	0.309	0.514	0.509	0.518	0.463	10
IFTO	0.387	0.433	0.461	0.495	0.444	11
IFNMG	0.343	0.454	0.432	0.478	0.427	12
IF SUDESTE MG	0.321	0.435	0.467	0.466	0.422	13
IF FARROUPILHA	0.305	0.417	0.416	0.424	0.390	14
IF GOIANO	0.312	0.417	0.411	0.415	0.389	15
IFRS	0.227	0.306	0.293	0.641	0.367	16
IF BAIANO	0.302	0.329	0.361	0.457	0.363	17
IFC	0.265	0.341	0.338	0.337	0.320	18
IFMG	0.248	0.325	0.313	0.380	0.316	19
IFAM	0.251	0.305	0.300	0.386	0.311	20
IFF	0.239	0.312	0.319	0.344	0.304	21
IFRJ	0.238	0.322	0.330	0.317	0.302	22
IFAL	0.228	0.313	0.304	0.312	0.289	23
IFPR	0.238	0.300	0.299	0.295	0.283	24
IFSUL	0.219	0.291	0.304	0.305	0.280	25
IFG	0.210	0.278	0.287	0.294	0.267	26
IFMT	0.200	0.278	0.280	0.302	0.265	27
IFPA	0,244	0,267	0,242	0,262	0,254	28
IFPI	0,193	0,250	0,265	0,271	0,245	29
IFSC	0,219	0,223	0,220	0,281	0,236	30
IFPB	0,180	0,253	0,251	0,250	0,234	31
IFPE	0,179	0,247	0,246	0,249	0,230	32
IFRN	0,153	0,207	0,209	0,305	0,218	33
IFES	0,146	0,203	0,203	0,221	0,193	34
IFBA	0,161	0,194	0,208	0,207	0,193	35
IFMA	0,163	0,187	0,185	0,192	0,182	36
IFCE	0,146	0,189	0,182	0,181	0,175	37
IFSP	0,161	0,141	0,151	0,165	0,155	38

YEAR		NCAMPI	QLAN	QPROF	QVAGAS	RFE	RIV
Average	2016	15.4	21612	862	7385	40.7	5.59
	2017	15.5	24942	1034	12015	11.9	4.75
	2018	15.6	23374	1073	10908	13.6	4.49
	2019	15.7	24986	1107	12341	15.3	4.65
Standard deviation	2016	7.34	12194	437	6307	9.18	2.98
	2017	7.23	13930	510	12298	5.51	2.35
	2018	7.27	12596	524	8557	4.46	2.16
	2019	7.29	15921	545	12092	5.71	2.47
Coefficient of variation	2016	47.8%	56.4%	50.6%	85.4%	22.6%	53.3%
	2017	46.6%	55.8%	49.3%	102.0%	46.3%	49.5%
	2018	46.6%	53.9%	48.9%	78.4%	32.9%	48.1%
	2019	46.3%	63.7%	49.3%	98.0%	37.4%	53.1%
Maximum	2016	38	55454	2326	36351	58.0	14.5
	2017	37	62355	2859	64639	27.3	10.3
	2018	37	61871	2955	42818	27.2	10.8
	2019	37	82916	3004	68620	29.6	12.1
Minimum	2016	4	4728	228	1628	20.3	1.86
	2017	5	4477	269	1351	4.12	0.87
	2018	5	5832	312	2300	6.51	1.33
	2019	5	5751	310	2763	5.25	1.34

Variable	Coefficient	Standard Error	Z	P>\|z\|	Confidence Interval 95%
NCAMPI	-0.006190	0.00434	-1.427	0.1537ns	-0.0146937	0.0023145
QALN	-0.000001139	0.00000	-0.625	0.5322ns	-0.0000047	0.0000024
QPROF	-0.0002794	0.00007	-4.231	<0.0001^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability; Rho (ρ): Linear correlation coefficient; R2: coefficient of determination. ns: not significant at 5% probability.	-0.0004088	-0.0001500
QVAGAS	0.000006122	0.00000	3,349	0.0008^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability; Rho (ρ): Linear correlation coefficient; R2: coefficient of determination. ns: not significant at 5% probability.	0.0000025	0.0000097
RFE	-0.003967	0.00089	-4,480	<0.0001^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability; Rho (ρ): Linear correlation coefficient; R2: coefficient of determination. ns: not significant at 5% probability.	-0.0057032	-0.0022317
RIV	0.007467	0.00437	1,709	0.0875ns	-0.0010976	0.0160310
Intercept 1	0.77060	0.03500	22,016	< 2e-16^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability; Rho (ρ): Linear correlation coefficient; R2: coefficient of determination. ns: not significant at 5% probability.	0.70196	0.83916
Intercept 2	-2.07700	0.05869	-35,392	< 2e-16^* ***** significant at 0.0001% probability; Rho (ρ): Linear correlation coefficient; R2: coefficient of determination. ns: not significant at 5% probability.	-2.19200	-1.96195
Rho (ρ)	0.8054
R2	0.6486
χ^2	88,126

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