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Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to perform the cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI). Two Brazilian bilingual speech-language pathologists (SLP) translated the original version of the VFI in English into Portuguese. The translations were reviewed by a committee of five voice specialist SLPs resulting in the final version of the instrument. A third bilingual SLP back-translated this final version and the same committee reviewed the differences from its original version. The final Portuguese version of the VFI, as in the original English version, was answered on a categorical scale of 0-4 indicating the frequency they experience the symptoms: 0=never, 1=almost never, 2=sometimes, 3=almost always, and 4=always. For cultural equivalence of the Portuguese version, the option “not applicable” was added to the categorical scale and 20 individuals with vocal complaints and dysphonia completed the index. Questions considered “not applicable” would be disregarded from the Brazilian version of the protocol; no question had to be removed from the instrument. The Brazilian Portuguese version was entitled “Índice de Fadiga VocalIFV” and features 19 questions, equivalent to the original instrument. Of the 19 items, 11 were related with tiredness of voice and voice avoidance, five concerned physical discomfort associated with voicing, and three were related to improvement of symptoms with rest or lack thereof. The Brazilian version of the VFI presents cultural and linguistic equivalence to the original instrument. The IFV validation into Brazilian Portuguese is in progress.

Keywords
Voice; Dysphonia; Fatigue; Protocols; Translating; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver a equivalência cultural da versão brasileira do protocolo Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI. Dois fonoaudiólogos brasileiros bilíngues traduziram a versão original do VFI do inglês para o português. As traduções foram revisadas pelos pesquisadores e por um comitê de cinco fonoaudiólogos especialistas em voz, chegando-se a uma versão final do instrumento. Um terceiro fonoaudiólogo bilíngue retrotraduziu essa versão final e o mesmo comitê reviu as diferenças em relação à versão original. A versão final em português do protocolo VFI, assim como o original em inglês, é respondida de acordo com a frequência de ocorrência em que se experienciam os sintomas: 0 = nunca, 1 = quase nunca, 2 = às vezes, 3 = quase sempre e 4 = sempre. Para a equivalência cultural da versão em português, a opção “não aplicável” foi acrescida na chave de respostas e 20 indivíduos com queixa vocal e disfonia completaram o instrumento. Se alguma questão fosse considerada “não aplicável”, seria eliminada da versão brasileira do protocolo; nenhuma questão foi eliminada do instrumento. A versão em português brasileiro foi intitulada Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV e apresenta 19 questões, da mesma forma que o instrumento original. Dos 19 itens, 11 referem-se à fadiga e restrição vocal, 5, ao desconforto físico associado à voz e 3 à recuperação dos sintomas com o repouso. A versão para o português brasileiro do VFI apresenta equivalência cultural e linguística em relação ao instrumento original. A validação do IFV para o português brasileiro está em andamento.

Descritores
Voz; Disfonia; Fadiga; Protocolos; Tradução; Fonoaudiologia

INTRODUCTION

Vocal fatigue is an individual perception manifested by increased vocal effort associated with increased vocal demands, which improves with voice rest(11 Solomon NP. Vocal fatigue and its relation to vocal hyperfunction. Int J Speech-Language Pathol. 2008;10(4):254-66. PMid:20840041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14417040701730990.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14417040701730...
). Vocal fatigue is also described as a symptom of vocal change or when associated with negative behaviors, as the cause of dysphonia(22 Welham NV, Mclagan MA. Vocal fatigue: current knowledge and future directions. J Voice. 2003;17(1):21-30. PMid:12705816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00033-X.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)...
). Frequently, presence of vocal fatigue is assessed by the presence of a variety of symptoms(33 Kostyk BE, Rochet AP. Laryngeal airway resistance in teachers with vocal fatigue: a preliminary study. J Voice. 1998;12(3):287-99. PMid:9763179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(98)80019-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(98)...

4 Sivasankar M. Effects of vocal fatigue on voice parameters of Indian Teachers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;54(3):245-7. PMid:23119905.
-55 Laukkanem AM, Ilomaki I, Leppanen K, Vilkman E. Acoustic measures and self-reports of vocal fatigue by female teachers. J Voice. 2008;22(3):283-9. PMid:17134877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
).Various definitions of vocal fatigue exist in the literature resulting in increased difficulty to accurately assess vocal fatigue from the patient perspective(66 Paolillo NP, Pantaleo G. Development and validation of the voice fatigue handicap questionnaire (VFHQ): clinical, psychometric, and psychosocial facets. J Voice. 2015;29(1):91-100. PMid:25261955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.010.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
,77 Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
).

Recently, an American group of researchers developed and validated the Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI(77 Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
), a tool that assists in the reliable identification of individuals with vocal fatigue. The American English protocol has 19 questions divided into three domains: tiredness of the voice and voice avoidance, physical discomfort associated with voicing, and improvement of symptoms with rest or lack thereof(77 Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
).

According to the international Scientific Advisory Committee of Medical Outcomes Trust standards(88 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. PMid:12074258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101529102131...
), any instrument must be validated to be used in another language and culture. The first step for this validation is the cultural and linguistic adaptation, thus, language, cultural and social differences that might exist for the application of the instrument in the new culture and language are addressed.

Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform the cultural equivalence of the VFI for Brazilian Portuguese by its cultural and linguistic adaptation.

METHODS

This prospective research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the “Universidade Federal Sao Paulo” - UNIFESP (CAAE: 09205412.1.0000.5505 under the protocol number 159.968, date: 29.11.2012). All study participants agreed to participate and signed an Informed Consent Form.

The VFI(77 Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
) was translated into Brazilian Portuguese by two Brazilian bilingual speech-language pathologists (Translator 1 - T1 and Translator 2 - T2), who conducted the conceptual translation. The translations were analyzed and compared by a committee of five speech-language pathologists specialized in voice with proficiency in English. Differences were discussed and, if necessary, modifications were made, resulting in the final translated version (Portuguese version - PV).

A third Brazilian bilingual speech-language pathologist, who did not participate in the previous steps, back-translated the final version into English. This version was compared to the original English version of the protocol resulting in the Portuguese version with semantic and language adaptation. Any conceptual differences were again discussed by the researchers and by the same committee who participated in the previous step, resulting in the final version with cultural and linguistic equivalence of the VFI.

The final version in Portuguese, as well as the original version in English, are completed on a categorical scale according to frequency of occurrence of symptoms: 0 = never, 1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = almost always, and 4 = always. For the cultural equivalence of the Portuguese version, the option “not applicable” was added to the categorical scale and 20 individuals with vocal complaints and dysphonia were asked to complete the Portuguese version of the VFI. The questions considered as “not applicable” were disregarded from the Brazilian version.

Inclusion criteria for the 20 individuals were presence of vocal complaints and any type, degree and etiology of dysphonia. Exclusion criteria were use of medications for psychiatric diseases and/or presenting any neurological disorder that prevented the understanding of the questionnaire.

RESULTS

The Brazilian Portuguese version of VFI was entitled “Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV”. The participants did not choose “not applicable” for any of the questions and hence no question had to be eliminated or modified in the linguistic and cultural adaptation. The translation protocol and cultural adaptation process are found in Chart 1.

Chart 1
Process of translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the protocol Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI(77 Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
)

As in the original VFI, the translated version has 19 questions divided into three domains: the first consists of eleven items related to tiredness of the voice and voice avoidance; the second has five items about physical discomfort associated with voicing, and the third has three items regarding improvement of symptoms with rest or lack thereof (Appendix A Appendix A Translated and culturally adapted version of the protocol Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI(7), called “Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV” Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV Nome completo: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Data de nascimento: _____/_____/________ Data de hoje: _____/_____/________ As frases abaixo apresentam alguns sintomas frequentemente associados a problemas de voz. Assinale a resposta que indica o quanto você apresenta o mesmo sintoma. 0 = nunca 1 = quase nunca 2 = às vezes 3 = quase sempre 4 = sempre Fadiga e restrição vocal 1. Fico sem vontade de falar depois que falei um pouco mais. 0 1 2 3 4 2. Minha voz fica cansada quando eu falo muito. 0 1 2 3 4 3. Sinto que o esforço aumenta enquanto falo. 0 1 2 3 4 4. Minha voz fica rouca depois que falo. 0 1 2 3 4 5. Tenho que fazer força para produzir a voz. 0 1 2 3 4 6. Procuro evitar falar depois que usei muito a voz. 0 1 2 3 4 7. Evito situações sociais quando sei que vou ter que falar muito. 0 1 2 3 4 8. Tenho dificuldades para falar com minha família depois de um dia de trabalho. 0 1 2 3 4 9. Tenho que fazer força para produzir a voz depois que falei um pouco mais. 0 1 2 3 4 10. Tenho dificuldade para projetar a minha voz enquanto falo. 0 1 2 3 4 11. Minha voz fica fraca depois que eu falo um pouco mais. 0 1 2 3 4 Desconforto físico associado à voz 12. Fico com dor no pescoço ao final do dia quando uso a voz. 0 1 2 3 4 13. Fico com dor na garganta ao final do dia quando uso a voz. 0 1 2 3 4 14. Quando eu falo muito sinto dor para falar. 0 1 2 3 4 15. Quando eu falo minha garganta dói. 0 1 2 3 4 16. Quando eu falo sinto desconforto no pescoço. 0 1 2 3 4 Recuperação com repouso vocal 17. Quando eu descanso minha voz melhora. 0 1 2 3 4 18. Quando eu descanso faço menos força para falar. 0 1 2 3 4 19. Quando eu descanso minha voz fica menos rouca. 0 1 2 3 4 ).

DISCUSSION

Vocal fatigue is a current topic with relevance to research on dysphonic individuals or at risk populations(33 Kostyk BE, Rochet AP. Laryngeal airway resistance in teachers with vocal fatigue: a preliminary study. J Voice. 1998;12(3):287-99. PMid:9763179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(98)80019-2.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(98)...

4 Sivasankar M. Effects of vocal fatigue on voice parameters of Indian Teachers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;54(3):245-7. PMid:23119905.
-55 Laukkanem AM, Ilomaki I, Leppanen K, Vilkman E. Acoustic measures and self-reports of vocal fatigue by female teachers. J Voice. 2008;22(3):283-9. PMid:17134877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.001.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006....
). Few studies have developed specific instruments for self-assessment of vocal fatigue, and none has been developed or validated for Brazilian Portuguese, which makes the cultural and linguistic adaptation necessary as the first step for the validation of such instrument(88 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. PMid:12074258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101529102131...
).

The cultural and linguistic adaptation aims to adjust the items of an instrument for its use for the population in concern; therefore, any sociocultural differences between cultures and languages are solved. It is important to highlight that this is not a literal translation of the original instrument(88 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. PMid:12074258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101529102131...
), thus, it can be used in individuals from the target culture. Such methodology of cultural adaptation has been utilized for the translation and validation of other Brazilian Portuguese instruments of the speech language pathology field(99 Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. PMid:17628396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007....

10 Moreti F, Zambon F, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Voice Symptom Scale: VoiSS. J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2011;23(4):398-400. PMid:22231064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-64912011000400018.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-64912011...

11 Behlau M, Santos LMA, Oliveira G. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the voice handicap index into Brazilian Portuguese. J Voice. 2011;25(3):354-9. PMid:20434874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.09.007.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009....

12 Ricarte A, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validation of the Voice Activity and Participation Profile protocol in Brazil. CoDAS. 2013;25(3):242-9. PMid:24408335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000300009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013...

13 Magalhães HV Jr, Pernambuco LA, Souza LB, Ferreira MA, Lima KC. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet to Brazilian Portuguese. CoDAS. 2013;25(4):369-74. PMid:24408487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000400012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013...

14 Moreti F, Zambon F, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and cutoff values of the Brazilian version of the Voice Symptom Scale-VoiSS. J Voice. 2014;28(4):458-68. PMid:24560004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.009.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013....
-1515 Rocha BR, Moreti F, Amin E, Madazio G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the protocol Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily. CoDAS. 2014;26(6):535-9. PMid:25590918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20142014175.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/2014...
).

With the completion of translation and adaptation for Brazilian Portuguese, the “IFV” validation process was initiated. The aim of the validation is to demonstrate the psychometric properties of validity, reliability, and sensitivity of the Brazilian version, which enables its reliable use for research and clinical practice(88 Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. PMid:12074258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:101529102131...
). Future research with the “IFV” can compare vocal fatigue aspects of dysphonic individuals with other self-assessment instruments, or include vocal fatigue characteristics as a multidimensional evaluation item for at risk groups.

CONCLUSION

The Brazilian Portuguese version of the instrument, “Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV”, presents cultural and linguistic equivalence to its original version, Vocal Fatigue Index - VFI. The validation of the VFI for Brazilian Portuguese is ongoing.

Appendix A Translated and culturally adapted version of the protocol Vocal Fatigue Index – VFI(77 Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014....
), called “Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV

Índice de Fadiga Vocal – IFV

Nome completo: _______________________________________________________________________________________

Data de nascimento: _____/_____/________

Data de hoje: _____/_____/________

As frases abaixo apresentam alguns sintomas frequentemente associados a problemas de voz. Assinale a resposta que indica o quanto você apresenta o mesmo sintoma.

0 = nunca

1 = quase nunca

2 = às vezes

3 = quase sempre

4 = sempre

Fadiga e restrição vocal
1. Fico sem vontade de falar depois que falei um pouco mais. 0 1 2 3 4
2. Minha voz fica cansada quando eu falo muito. 0 1 2 3 4
3. Sinto que o esforço aumenta enquanto falo. 0 1 2 3 4
4. Minha voz fica rouca depois que falo. 0 1 2 3 4
5. Tenho que fazer força para produzir a voz. 0 1 2 3 4
6. Procuro evitar falar depois que usei muito a voz. 0 1 2 3 4
7. Evito situações sociais quando sei que vou ter que falar muito. 0 1 2 3 4
8. Tenho dificuldades para falar com minha família depois de um dia de trabalho. 0 1 2 3 4
9. Tenho que fazer força para produzir a voz depois que falei um pouco mais. 0 1 2 3 4
10. Tenho dificuldade para projetar a minha voz enquanto falo. 0 1 2 3 4
11. Minha voz fica fraca depois que eu falo um pouco mais. 0 1 2 3 4
Desconforto físico associado à voz
12. Fico com dor no pescoço ao final do dia quando uso a voz. 0 1 2 3 4
13. Fico com dor na garganta ao final do dia quando uso a voz. 0 1 2 3 4
14. Quando eu falo muito sinto dor para falar. 0 1 2 3 4
15. Quando eu falo minha garganta dói. 0 1 2 3 4
16. Quando eu falo sinto desconforto no pescoço. 0 1 2 3 4
Recuperação com repouso vocal
17. Quando eu descanso minha voz melhora. 0 1 2 3 4
18. Quando eu descanso faço menos força para falar. 0 1 2 3 4
19. Quando eu descanso minha voz fica menos rouca. 0 1 2 3 4
  • Study carried out at Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Department of the “Universidade Federal de São Paulo” – UNIFESP - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
  • Financial support: “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” - CAPES.

REFERÊNCIAS

  • 1
    Solomon NP. Vocal fatigue and its relation to vocal hyperfunction. Int J Speech-Language Pathol. 2008;10(4):254-66. PMid:20840041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14417040701730990
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14417040701730990
  • 2
    Welham NV, Mclagan MA. Vocal fatigue: current knowledge and future directions. J Voice. 2003;17(1):21-30. PMid:12705816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00033-X
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(03)00033-X
  • 3
    Kostyk BE, Rochet AP. Laryngeal airway resistance in teachers with vocal fatigue: a preliminary study. J Voice. 1998;12(3):287-99. PMid:9763179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(98)80019-2
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-1997(98)80019-2
  • 4
    Sivasankar M. Effects of vocal fatigue on voice parameters of Indian Teachers. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;54(3):245-7. PMid:23119905.
  • 5
    Laukkanem AM, Ilomaki I, Leppanen K, Vilkman E. Acoustic measures and self-reports of vocal fatigue by female teachers. J Voice. 2008;22(3):283-9. PMid:17134877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.001
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.001
  • 6
    Paolillo NP, Pantaleo G. Development and validation of the voice fatigue handicap questionnaire (VFHQ): clinical, psychometric, and psychosocial facets. J Voice. 2015;29(1):91-100. PMid:25261955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.010
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.05.010
  • 7
    Nanjundeswaran C, Jacobson BH, Gartner-Schmidt J, Abbott KV. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI): development and validation. J Voice. 2015;29(4):433-40. PMid:25795356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.09.012
  • 8
    Aaronson N, Alonso J, Burnam A, Lohr KN, Patrick DL, Perrin E, et al. Assessing health status and quality-of-life instruments: attributes and review criteria. Qual Life Res. 2002;11(3):193-205. PMid:12074258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015291021312
  • 9
    Gasparini G, Behlau M. Quality of life: validation of the Brazilian version of the voice-related quality of life (V-RQOL) measure. J Voice. 2009;23(1):76-81. PMid:17628396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.04.005
  • 10
    Moreti F, Zambon F, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Voice Symptom Scale: VoiSS. J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2011;23(4):398-400. PMid:22231064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-64912011000400018
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2179-64912011000400018
  • 11
    Behlau M, Santos LMA, Oliveira G. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the voice handicap index into Brazilian Portuguese. J Voice. 2011;25(3):354-9. PMid:20434874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.09.007
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.09.007
  • 12
    Ricarte A, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Validation of the Voice Activity and Participation Profile protocol in Brazil. CoDAS. 2013;25(3):242-9. PMid:24408335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000300009
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000300009
  • 13
    Magalhães HV Jr, Pernambuco LA, Souza LB, Ferreira MA, Lima KC. Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Check Sheet to Brazilian Portuguese. CoDAS. 2013;25(4):369-74. PMid:24408487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000400012
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-17822013000400012
  • 14
    Moreti F, Zambon F, Oliveira G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation, validation, and cutoff values of the Brazilian version of the Voice Symptom Scale-VoiSS. J Voice. 2014;28(4):458-68. PMid:24560004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.009
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.11.009
  • 15
    Rocha BR, Moreti F, Amin E, Madazio G, Behlau M. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the protocol Evaluation of the Ability to Sing Easily. CoDAS. 2014;26(6):535-9. PMid:25590918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20142014175
    » http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20142014175

Publication Dates

  • Publication in this collection
    2017

History

  • Received
    14 Oct 2015
  • Accepted
    01 Mar 2016
Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia Al. Jaú, 684, 7º andar, 01420-002 São Paulo - SP Brasil, Tel./Fax 55 11 - 3873-4211 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: revista@codas.org.br