Cropping systems on root rot and soybean seed yield

Maier, Maira; Souza, Clovis Arruda; Casa, Ricardo Trezzi

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170460

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CROP PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 48 (7) • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20170460 copy

Cropping systems on root rot and soybean seed yield

Sistemas de cultivo afetam podridões radiculares e produtividade de semente de soja

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

Root rot (RR), which can occur in different cropping systems, affects soybean seed yield. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of RR in soybean crop systems and its relationship with soybean yield. The study was carried out for two growing seasons in a no-till system consisting of four soybean crop systems: soybean-oat+soybean-oat, soybean-maize+soybean-maize, soybean-wheat+soybean-wheat and soybean-pasture+soybean-pasture. Data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation. Incidence of RR, mainly charcoal rot and sudden death, was more than 50% in soybean roots for all the soybean crop systems and consequently decreased yield by around 22kg ha^-1 of seed for every 1% increase in RR. Root rot led to a decline in seed yield from 20 to 102kg ha^-1 in the first season and 9 to 32kg ha^-1 in the second season, considering all the cropping systems. Soybean + pasture was the lowest productive system, with a negative RR impact of 74.9 and 32.9kg ha^-1 in the first and second season, respectively.

Key words:
Glycine max; root diseases; yield; root healty; Macrophomina; Fusarium

Authorship

Maira Maier

Doutorado em Produção Vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, SC, Brasil.Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC)BrazilLages, SC, BrazilDoutorado em Produção Vegetal, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, SC, Brasil.

Clovis Arruda Souza ^*E-mail: clovis.souza@udesc.br. *Corresponding author.

Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), 88.520-000, Lages, SC, Brasil. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC)BrazilLages, SC, BrazilDepartamento de Agronomia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), 88.520-000, Lages, SC, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0037-1509

Ricardo Trezzi Casa

E-mail: clovis.souza@udesc.br. *Corresponding author.

DECLARATION OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (2)
Tables (2)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Rainfall, maximum, average and minimum temperatures during the soybean growing cycle in the 2014/2015 (A) and 2015/2016 (B) growing seasons in Ponte Serrada, SC.

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Figure 2
Correlation between yield and root rot incidence of four soybean cropping systems (A and C - system averages) and (B and D per system) in the 2014/2015 (A and B) and 2015/2016 (C and D) growing seasons, in Ponte Serrada, SC.

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Table 1
Soybean seed yield as a function of different cropping systems, root rot and growing seasons in Ponte Serrada, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil.

Thumbnail

Table 2
Incidence and predominance of root rot in soybean plants as a function of different cropping systems in two growing seasons in Ponte Serrada, SC.

Figure 1 Rainfall, maximum, average and minimum temperatures during the soybean growing cycle in the 2014/2015 (A) and 2015/2016 (B) growing seasons in Ponte Serrada, SC.

Figure 2 Correlation between yield and root rot incidence of four soybean cropping systems (A and C - system averages) and (B and D per system) in the 2014/2015 (A and B) and 2015/2016 (C and D) growing seasons, in Ponte Serrada, SC.

Table 1 Soybean seed yield as a function of different cropping systems, root rot and growing seasons in Ponte Serrada, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil.

-----------------------------------------------------------Cropping systems, treatments and growing seasons---------------------------------------------
Systems	Treat	2014/2015	2015/2016
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------kg ha^-1---------------------------------------------------------------------			2015/2016
Soybean+oat	T1	b 1942 A^/1	^2/a 2633 A
	T2	b 1916 A	a 2463 B
	T3	b 2008 A	a 2761 A
	T4	b 1850 B	a 2335 C
Soybean+maize	T1	a 2105 A	a 2300 A
	T2	b 1906 B	a 2265 A
	T3	b 2148 A	a 2491 A
	T4	b 1862 B	b 2075 B
Soybean+wheat	T1	a 2117 A	b 1417 A
	T2	a 2001 B	b 1365 B
	T3	a 2178 A	b 1435 A
	T4	a 1940 B	b 1347 B
Soybean+pasture	T1	a 1409 A	a 1500 A
	T2	a 1263 B	b 1448 A
	T3	b 1401 A	a 1607 A
	T4	a 1271 B	a 1343 B
-------------------------------------------------------------------System comparison by growing season----------------------------------------------------			a 1343 B
		2014/2015	2015/2016
Soybean+oat		b 1929 A	a 2548 A
Soybean+maize		b 2005 A	a 2283 B
Soybean+wheat		a 2059 A	b 1391 C
Soybean+pasture		b 1336 B	a 1475 C
-------------------------------------------------------------------Healthy x Unhealthy plants------------------------------------------------------------------			a 1475 C
		Healthy	Unhealthy	≠ kg ha^-1
---------------------------------------------------------------------2014/2015 Growing season----------------------------------------------------------------			Unhealthy	≠ kg ha^-1
Soybean+oat		a 2008 A	a 1850 A	158
Soybean+maize		a 2148 A	b 1862 A	286
Soybean+wheat		a 2178 A	b 1940 A	238
Soybean+pasture		a 1401 B	a 1271 B	130
-----------------------------------------------------------------------2015/2016 Growing season--------------------------------------------------------------			a 1271 B	130
Soybean+oat		a 2761 A	b 2335 A	426
Soybean+maize		a 2491 A	b 2075 A	416
Soybean+wheat		a 1435 B	b 1347 B	88
Soybean+pasture		a 1607 B	b 1343 B	264
CV%		17.2	20.1

^/1Means followed by the same upper case letter in the column do not differ according to Duncan’s test, at 5% probability. ^/2Means preceded by the same lower letter on the line (growing season comparison) do not differ according to the F-test at 5% probability. Treat - treatments: T1 - plants with no early root rot symptom - RR (stage R2); T2 - plants with early RR symptoms; T3 - plants with no late RR symptoms (stage R8) and T4 - plants with late RR symptoms.

Table 2 Incidence and predominance of root rot in soybean plants as a function of different cropping systems in two growing seasons in Ponte Serrada, SC.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Incidence of Root Rot--------------------------------------------------------------------
Cropping systems	2014/2015 Growing season		2015/2016 Growing season
	------------------------------------------------------------------ % -------------------------------------------------------------
Soybean+oat	a 60.0 B ^/1		^2/a 54.7 A
Soybean+maize	a 50.4 B		a 46.1 B
Soybean+wheat	a 72.5 A		b 52.0 A
Soybean+pasture	a 74.9 A		b 58.7 A
CV%	13.5		28.4
	-----------------------------------------------------Predominant root rot fungi------------------------------------------------
	--------------------------Macrophomina---------------------		----------------------------Fusarium-----------------------
	2014/2015 Season	2015/2016 Season	2014/2015 Season	2015/2016 Season
	------------------------------------------------------------------ % -------------------------------------------------------------
Soybean+oat	b 71.5 ns	a 96.9 A	a 28.5 ns	b 3.1 B
Soybean+maize	b 73.7	a 88.8 AB	a 26.3	b 11.2 A
Soybean+wheat	b 79.0	a 88.9 AB	a 21.0	b 11.1 A
Soybean+pasture	b 75.8	a 81.7 B	a 24.2	b 18.4 A
Mean	^3/a 75.0		b 25.0
CV%	9.5	8.4	28.6	7.11

^/1Means followed by the same upper case letter in the column (system comparison) do not differ according to Duncan’s test, at 5% probability. ^/2Means preceded by the same lower letter on the line (growing season comparison) do not differ according to the F-test at 5% probability. ^3/Differ according to the F-test at 5% probability.

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E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: clovis.souza@udesc.br. *Corresponding author.