Volatile compounds and quality analysis in commercial medicinal plants of <i>Camellia sinensis</i>

Menezes, Joyce Castro de; Borges, Gabriela Borba Vilela; Gomes, Fátima de Cássia Oliveira; Vieira, Mariana de Lourdes Almeida; Marques, Andréa Rodrigues; Machado, Ana Maria de Resende

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20180548

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FOOD TECHNOLOGY • Cienc. Rural 49 (3) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180548 copy

Volatile compounds and quality analysis in commercial medicinal plants of Camellia sinensis

Caracterização dos compostos voláteis e análise da qualidade de plantas medicinais comerciais de Camellia sinensis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

The interest in the use of green tea (Camellia sinensis) (L.) Kuntze (Theaceae) products have increased in the last few years due to its medicinal properties. In the present study, we proposed that headspace solid phase microextraction, in combination with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric could be an efficient method to assess the volatile compounds and to ensure the quality control of C. sinensis. We have also compared the anatomical leaf of different commercial green tea samples, analyzed the information in their labels and determined the presence of foreign materials, moisture content, total ashes and microorganisms. Among the 30 analyzed samples, six were identified as C. sinensis according to the anatomical study; 83.4% were not in accordance with the specified limits for foreign matter and 6.6% for moisture content. All samples presented total ashes in accordance with the current legislation. The analysis indicated the presence of several different volatile organic compounds, being terpenes, hydrocarbons and alcohols the major ones. Microbiological analysis showed that 13.3% and 16.6% of the samples exceeded the limits for counts of molds and yeasts, and for mesophilic bacteria, respectively. 73.3% presented E. coli above the established sanitary limits.

Key words:
green tea; GC-MS; SPME; quality control

Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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[1] E-mail: anamrmachado@cefetmg.br. ^*Corresponding author

Samples	Foreign material (%)	Moisture (%)	Ashes (%)	Total mesophilic bacteria counts (CFU/g)	Total yeasts and molds counts (CFU/g)	Escherichia coli (CFU/g)
1	25.99±0.5	11.4±0.5	6.2±0.1	9.0x10²	3.0x10⁶	-
2	37.14±0.2	11.3±1.1	5.6±0.3	7.6x10³	-	3.0x10⁴
3	21.10±0.7	11.8±0.9	5.7±0.4	1.2x10³	1.0x10¹	1.5x10²
4	13.71±0.03	11.2±0.1	5.7±0.5	4.0x10²	-	3.0x10⁴
5	37.03±0.05	9.3±0.1	5.6±0.3	8.5x10²	-	1.6x10²
6	25.42±0.6	9.2±0.1	4.9±0.3	1.0x10⁵	1.7x10³	3.0x10⁴
7	0	7.1±0.3	4.7±0.1	3.0x10²	9.5x10¹	1.3x10²
8	20.24±0.7	9.3±0.2	6.0±0.4	3.0x10⁹	2.3x10²	3.0x10⁴
9	25.40±0.8	9.5±0.2	4.2±0.1	1.0x10³	3.0x10¹	3.0x10⁴
10	27.51±0.02	10.9±1.6	5.7±0.3	4.0x10²	2.0x10¹	3.0x10⁴
11	33.97±0.03	10.4±0.1	6.4±0.1	4.5x10²	7.5x10¹	2.5x10¹
12	15.84±0.5	11.1±1.9	4.5±0.2	9.6x10²	-	3.0x10⁴
13	17.89±0.8	5.7±0.1	5.4±0.2	2.4x10⁴	1.1x10²	8.0x10
14	32.87±0.9	7.1±0.6	4.8±0.3	3.0x10⁹	6.0x10¹	3.0x10⁴
15	19.78±0.2	5.7±0.2	4.7±0.1	3.0x10⁹	4.0x10¹	3.0x10⁴
16	0	12.9±0.1	4.1±0.1	1.5x10²	1.0x10¹	3.0x10⁴
17	46.78±0.8	11.9±0.1	7.2±0.1	1.0x10³	5.4x10³	3.0x10⁴
18	38.80±0.1	7.7±0.6	4.3±0.3	3.0x10¹	3.0x10⁶	-
19	0	10.7±0.2	6.7±0.7	1.2x10⁵	5.5x10¹	3.0x10⁴
20	0	8.9±0.1	4.7±0.5	4.0x10²	1.0x10²	3.0x10⁴
21	36.35±0.6	9.7±2.0	5.5±0.3	4.9x10³	4.4x10²	3.0x10⁴
22	0	6.5±0.09	3.9±0.9	3.0x10⁹	3.0x10²	3.0x10⁴
23	43.72±0.06	7.6±0.4	4.7±0.1	1.2x10²	1.3x10²	3.0x10⁴
24	58.06±0.07	9.5±0.3	5.7±0.4	2.3 x 10³	6.0x10²	3.0x10⁴
25	52.70±0.9	10.1±0.3	6.2±0.6	1.0 x 10²	1.1x10²	3.0x10⁴
26	3.30±0.6	6,3±0,1	3.7±0.3	2.0 x 10²	1.5x10²	-
27	47.03±0.7	8.7±0.1	4.9±0.1	1.2 x 10⁴	3.0x10⁶	3.0x10⁴
28	54.18±0.1	12.5±1.4	7.5±0.5	2.7 x 10³	3.2x10²	3.0x10⁴
29	33.47±0.03	7.3±0.1	4.2±0.2	3.0 x 10⁹	1.6x10³	3.0x10⁴
30	45.08±0.01	8.2 ± 0.8	4.9±0.3	1.4 x 10⁴	3.0x10⁶	3.0x10⁴
Legislation limits	2%	12%	8%	1x10⁷ CFU/g	1x10⁴ CFU/g	1x10² CFU/g

---------------------------------------Compound^a,b(RI)---------------------------------------	---------------------------------Amostras----------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-30;31^S-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^aldbenzaldehyde (959); ^tlimonene (1031); ^alcbenzyl alcohol (1036); ^aldphenylethanal (1046); ^tcanphenylone (1055); ^ald(E)-2-octenal (1059); ^alc3-nonin-2-ol (1065); ^tlinalool oxide (1074); ^k(3E,5E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (1092); ^alc2-phenylethanol (1112); ^tisopulegol (1151); ^tepoxy linalool (1167); ^tα-terpineol (1181); ^tβ-ciclocitral (1207); ^lγ- butylbutyrolactone (1239); ^alc(E)-2-decenol (1241); ^tcitral (1250); ^hanethole (1263); ^ncíndole (1272); ^heugenol (1334); ^lγ-nonalactone (1338); ^es3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl 2-methylpropanoate (1348); ^nordamascenone (1360); ^tβ-caryophyllene (1396); ^norα-ionone (1402); ^ldihydroactinidiolide (1513); ^k6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (1815); ^nccaffeine (1820).
^ald4-pentenal (692)		1-3;5;7-15;17-24;26;27;30;31^S
^ald(2E)-2-pentenal (738)		1-14;16-19;21-30;31^S
^et3-(allyloxy)-2-methyl-1-propene (771)		1;4;6-10;12;14;16-23;25-28
^ald2-methyl-4-pentenal (788)		1-57-14; 16; 18-20; 22-24; 26-30;31^S
^ald(E)-2-hexenal (841)		1-2; 5-6;8-14; 16-27;218-30;31^S
^alc(3E)-3-hexenol (843)		1;3;46-1417;19;20;23-30;31^S
^alchexanol (859)		1;3-5;7-14;16-23;25-28;30;31^S
^k5-methyl-3-methylene-5-hexen-2-one (877)		1-3;5-10;12-14;16-18;20;23-27;29;30;31^S
^aldheptanal (894)		1;2;4-14;16-24;26-30;31^S
^alc(2E)-2-hexen-4-nol (904)		1;3;6;8-12;16-20;23;24;26-30;31^S
^f2,7-dimethyloxepine (933)		1-14;16-30
^ald(E,E)-2,4-heptadienal (947)		3-6;8-10;12;14;16-23;26-30;31^S
^alcheptanol (970)		1;2;5-10;12-14;16-19;21-13;26-30;31^S
^alc(2E)-2-ethyl-2-hexenol (980)		1-3;6-14;17;19-21;23;24;26;28;30;31^S
^k6-methyl-6-hepten-2-one (988)		1-30;31^S
^aldoctanal (1004)		1-14;16-30;31^S
^ald(E,E)-2,4-octadien-1-al (1012)		1-30;31^S
^ald3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (1019)		1-14;16-30
^h5,6-diethyl-cyclohexa-1,3-diene (1026)		3;7-13;16-18;20-25;28-30
^ald2,6-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carbaldehyde (1049)		2;6-14; 18-24;26-30
^alc1,2-dipropylene glycol (1079)		1;3;5-13;15-30
^alc3-octen-1-ol (1085)		1;3;4;6;8-14;16;17;19-21;23-25;27-30
^tlinalool (1100)		3-20;23-30;31^S
^aldnonanal (1104)		3;5-15;17-27;29;30
^alc3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol (1107)		2-5;7-30;31^S
^tIsopinocarveol (1135)		1;3-14;16-19;21-30;31^S
^h2-methyldecahydronaphthalene (1150)		1-3;5-12;14-30;31^S
^ald(E)-2-nonenal (1153)		1-10;12-14;16-22;24-30;31^S
^tterpinen-4-ol (1170)		3-5;7;;9-14;16-21;23-30;31^S
^hnaphthalene (1174)		1;3;4;7-14;16-24;26;28-30;31^S
^tcarveol (1176)		1;3-9;11-14;16-24;26-30;31^S
^tcarvone (1227)		2-7;9-13;16-21;23-30;31^S
^k2- (2-butynyl) cyclohexanone (1269)		1;2;4-12;14;16-30;31^S
^h4-sec-butylphenol (1299)		3;4;6-9;11-13;16-30
^t8-hydroxylinalool (1364)		1-4;6-12;14;16-23;25-30;31^S
^tdihydrocarvyl acetate (1368)		1;3;5-12;14;16;19-30
^htetradecane (1372)		1-4;6-12;14-27;29;30;31^S
^ttetrahydrogeranil acetone (1378)		1-4;6-10;12-14;16-18;20-22;24-30
^alc2-undecen-1-ol (1382)		1-4;6-15;17-26;28-30;31^S
^tnerylacetone (1426)		2-4;6-12;14-18;20-28;30;31^S
^norβ-ionone epoxyde (1463)		1-4;6;8-12;14-19;21;22;24-30
^k8a-methyl hexahydro-1.8(2H, 5H) -naphthalenedione (1506)		1;3;4;6-26;28-30;31^S
^tcaryophyllene oxide (1538)		3-14;16-22;24-26;28-30;31^S