Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

Marchesan, Enio; Tonetto, Felipe; Teló, Gustavo Mack; Coelho, Lucas Lopes; Aramburu, Bruno Behenck; Trivisiol, Vinicius Severo

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20161102

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CROP PRODUCTION • Cienc. Rural 47 (11) • Nov 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20161102 copy

Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

Manejo do solo e aplicação de gesso agrícola em Planossolo para o cultivo de soja

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT:

This study investigated the effects of soil management systems, tillage, and application of gypsum agricultural to soil, on soybean development in lowland areas. The experiment was carried out on an Alfisol in a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement. The two soil tillage practices were without deep tillage and with deep tillage. Gypsum treatments were no gypsum application, 500kg of gypsum ha^-1, 1000kg of gypsum ha^-1, and 1500kg of gypsum ha^-1. Deep tillage resulted in less soil resistance to root penetration during ryegrass cultivation during the soybean offseason, 11 months after applying the management treatments, resulting in higher dry mass of ryegrass in the offseason and higher soybean yield in the following year.

Key words:
Glycine max L.; deep tillage; nodulation; grain yield.

Authorship

Enio Marchesan

Departamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil. Universidade Federal de Santa MariaBrazilSanta Maria, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitotecnia, Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.

Felipe Tonetto

Gustavo Mack Teló

Weed Science - AgCenter, Louisiana State University (LSU), 4115 Gourrier Av. Baton Rouge LA, 70803.Louisiana State UniversityUSABaton Rouge, LA, USAWeed Science - AgCenter, Louisiana State University (LSU), 4115 Gourrier Av. Baton Rouge LA, 70803.

Lucas Lopes Coelho ^*E-mail: lucas_l_c@hotmail.com. *Corresponding author.

Bruno Behenck Aramburu

Vinicius Severo Trivisiol

E-mail: lucas_l_c@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (1)
Tables (2)

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Figure 1
Soil mechanical penetration resistance against roots before soybean sowing - 2012/13 harvest (A), during the end of ryegrass cultivation and before another soybean harvest (B), and macronutrient content (C): Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S) in leaf tissues of soybean plants submitted to different soil management systems and agricultural gypsum doses in 2012/13. NTS - no tillage system, DTS - deep tillage system. Means not followed by the same letter differ according to F test at 5% error probability. Gravimetric soil moisture content during the first penetration resistance evaluation (A) was 12.3, 14.3, and 16.8g g^-1 in the 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.4m depths, respectively, for the NTS, and 16, 17.7, and 20.5g g^-1, respectively, for the DTS. During the second evaluation (B), the soil moisture content was 19.4, 20.1, and 20.5g g^-1, respectively, for the NTS, and 17.7, 20.2, and 18.5g g^-1, respectively, for the DTS.

Thumbnail

Table 1
Chemical analysis of the 0-15 and 16-30cm soil layers performed 30 days before sowing the soybean crop harvested in 2012/13.

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Table 2
Ryegrass dry mass and soybean plant population, number of pods per plantk, number of grains per plant, grain productivity, aerial part length (APL), root system length (RSL), aerial part dry mass (APDM), root system dry mass (RSDM), number of viable nodes (NVNP), and viable node dry mass (VNDM) under different soil management systems and agricultural gypsum (GP) doses.

Figure 1 Soil mechanical penetration resistance against roots before soybean sowing - 2012/13 harvest (A), during the end of ryegrass cultivation and before another soybean harvest (B), and macronutrient content (C): Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S) in leaf tissues of soybean plants submitted to different soil management systems and agricultural gypsum doses in 2012/13. NTS - no tillage system, DTS - deep tillage system. Means not followed by the same letter differ according to F test at 5% error probability. Gravimetric soil moisture content during the first penetration resistance evaluation (A) was 12.3, 14.3, and 16.8g g^-1 in the 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.4m depths, respectively, for the NTS, and 16, 17.7, and 20.5g g^-1, respectively, for the DTS. During the second evaluation (B), the soil moisture content was 19.4, 20.1, and 20.5g g^-1, respectively, for the NTS, and 17.7, 20.2, and 18.5g g^-1, respectively, for the DTS.

Table 1 Chemical analysis of the 0-15 and 16-30cm soil layers performed 30 days before sowing the soybean crop harvested in 2012/13.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------0-15cm depth----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
pH (H₂O) (1:1 )	K	Ca	Mg	Effective CEC	pH 7 CEC
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Cmol_c dm^{-3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------}
4.9	72.0	3.6	2.9	6.9	12.2
P	S	Al	m (%)¹	V(%)²	OM
---------------------------mg dm^-3--------------------------------		mmol_c dm^-3	-------------------------------- % -------------------------------		g dm^-3
7.6	12.0	0.2	2.9	54.7	2.0
16-30cm depth
pH (H₂O) (1:1 )	K	Ca	Mg	Effective CEC	pH 7 CEC
Cmol_c dm^-3
4.3	24.0	1.7	1.3	5.6	14.0
P	S	Al	m (%)	V(%)	OM
--------------------------mg dm^-3--------------------------------		mmol_c dm^-3	-------------------------------%--------------------------------		g dm^-3
3.0	13.0	2.5	44.6	54.7	1.3

¹aluminum saturation; ²base saturation.

Table 2 Ryegrass dry mass and soybean plant population, number of pods per plantk, number of grains per plant, grain productivity, aerial part length (APL), root system length (RSL), aerial part dry mass (APDM), root system dry mass (RSDM), number of viable nodes (NVNP), and viable node dry mass (VNDM) under different soil management systems and agricultural gypsum (GP) doses.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soybean 2012/13 harvest----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gypsum doses (kg ha^-1)	Plants (m^-2)	Pods plant^-1		Grains plants^-1		GP (kg ha^-1)
0	25^ns	48^ns		116^ns		3.210^ns
500	24	49		121		3.204
1000	25	49		120		3.206
1500	24	49		116		3.226
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soil management---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NTS	25^ns	44b^*		108b		2.774b
DTS	25	53a		128a		3.643a
CV%	6.2	6.7		7.4		2.3
Gypsum doses (kg ha^-1)	APL (cm)	RSL (cm)	APDM (g)	RSDM (g)	NVNP	VNDM (g)
0	80.9^ns	18.5^ns	24.3^ns	4.2^ns	29^ns	1.6^ns
500	80.3	18.4	23.9	4.3	31	1.6
1000	81.6	18.8	24.8	4.2	30	1.6
1500	77.5	19.3	23.2	4.4	30	1.6
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soil management--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NTS	73.1b	15.9b	17.1b	3.9b	27b	1.3b
DTS	86.9a	21.8a	31.1a	4.7a	32a	1.9a
CV%	5.1	8.5	5.5	10.1	5.6	2.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Offseason (ryegrass)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gypsum doses (kg ha^-1)	1^st harvest (kg ha^-1)		2^nd harvest (kg ha^-1)		3^rd harvest (kg ha^-1)
0	1.031^ns		2.261^ns		2.625^ns
500	1.124		2.330		2.732
1000	1.050		2.174		2.721
1500	1.109		2.225		2.621
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soil management--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NTS	893b^*		2.053^ns		2.293b
DTS	1.259a		2.441		3.056a
CV%	10.2		12.5		9.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soybean 2013/14 harvest----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gypsum doses (kg ha^-1)	Plants (m^-2)	Pods plant^-1		Grains plants^-1		GP (kg ha^-1)
0	25^ns	58^ns		133^ns		3.486^ns
500	24	56		131		3.552
1000	24	57		131		3.519
1500	24	57		136		3.523
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Soil management----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NTS	25^ns	54b		126b		3.267b
DTS	25	60a		139a		3.764a
CV%	4.8	11.4		6.2		5.6

^*Means not followed by the same letter differ according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability, ^nsnot significant according to Tukey’s test at 5% probability, NTS - no tillage system, DTS - deep tillage system.

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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Centro de Ciências Rurais , 97105-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil , Tel.: +55 55 3220-8698 , Fax: +55 55 3220-8695 - Santa Maria - RS - Brazil
E-mail: cienciarural@mail.ufsm.br

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Soil management and application of agricultural gypsum in a Planosol for soybean cultivation

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[1] E-mail: lucas_l_c@hotmail.com. ^*Corresponding author.