| Communication |
Communication and governance |
Continuous and specific communication and training strategies for each group of actors. Knowledge management (popular, technical, and scientific). Educational and scientific dissemination materials. Health promotion activities and participatory planning workshops. |
| Screening |
Network of actors |
Multidisciplinary and community-based HIA leadership management group. Network of local, governmental, private, and institutional actors. Mobilization and awareness-raising actions; initial agreement; pact; partnerships. Define evaluation scope and requirements. |
| Scope |
Biota |
Define evaluation scope and requirements. |
| Physical environment |
Diagnosis of water, air, and soil. Contamination of soil, water and air, erosion. Archaeological goods. Diseases (water, vector, noncommunicable diseases, cultural). Areas at risk. |
| Climate |
Atmospheric and climatological variables. Changes in the microclimate. Correlation with climate-sensitive diseases. Climatic risk areas. Feasibility of applying the IPCC recommendations. |
| Sanitation |
Diagnosis of basic and environmental, rural and urban sanitation, including local resources for the improvement and sustainable technologies. Situational and trend analysis related to health. |
| People |
Directly and indirectly affected populations. Interested stakeholders. Socioeconomic profile. Identification of local assets and resources (skills and competences). Social network analysis. Identification of macro- and micro-territorial scales (stratification in CAPs). Social cartography. Racism, violence, unhealthy environments, violation of rights, precarious work, unemployment, quality of life, and social cohesion. |
| Diseases |
Analysis of diseases: water, vectors, sexually transmitted, noncommunicable, mental health, alcohol and other drugs, COVID-19. Access to healthcare services. Household survey. Epidemiological profile and social determinants of health for the health baseline. Spatial distribution of diseases between groups. Perception of health risk. |
| Urban infrastructure |
Diagnosis of urban and rural infrastructure: housing, mobility, accessibility, access to services, security, employment, educational and leisure equipment, cultural and immaterial goods, neighborhood study. Characterize local assets (availability, distribution, and quality) and those to be maximized. Relate these assets to accidents/injuries, air pollution, noise pollution, psychosocial stress, climatic comfort. |
| Policies, projects, and programs |
Integrated analysis of PPPs. Urban, environmental, and health policies. Private and public real estate development. Public works and social interest. Sustainable development programs. Cultural and health facilities. Conflicts of interest in management. Local assets and resources. Opportunities for protected area and social inclusion. Public community partnerships. |
| Access to natural resources |
Analysis of the types of use, distribution, and access to available natural resources and related conflicts. |
| Land use and occupation |
Land analysis. Driving forces. Identify conflicts and social demands for land regularization. Possible processes of expropriation, resettlement, migration, urban expansion. Guidelines for inclusive zoning. |
| Risk analysis and mitigation |
Ecosystem assessment |
Assess needs and support capacity for water and food security, climate change, multiple endemic diseases. Valuation of ecosystem services. Health risk and impact assessment. Development of health and environment indicators (SDG, Buen Vivir). |
| Decision-making |
Plans and recommendations |
Proposal for protected area, polygon, and zoning category. Mitigation and adaptation plans (land, environment, and health). Protected area implementation plan. Mitigation and adaptation programs. Protected Area Management Committee. Terms of Reference for the Management Plan and Protected Area Master Plan. |
| Implementation and monitoring |
Protected area creation and implementation |
Creation of the protected area and the Steering Committee. Implementation of plans and projects. Management plan. Sustainable development projects. Ecotourism and community-based tourism. Health impacts monitoring. Community health management plan. Longitudinal studies. |
| Evaluation |
Evaluation |
Evaluate the impact of the HIA process, the participation of social actors, and the plans and projects. |
| Adaptive management |
Updating of plans and projects |
Review and adequacy of ongoing plans, projects, and programs. Monitoring. Permanent agenda for the control of plans for the actors involved, and social control. |
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Note: in the figure, impacts that can have a positive influence on the establishment of an urban protected area are shown in green, and impacts that can have a negative influence are shown in red. These impacts occur at different stages of the establishment of a protected area (creation, implementation, and management), which, in turn, have different factors that alter the environment, and these factors can lead to health outcomes and determinants.
