Comparative effect of Fenugreek and Cinnamon on management of newly diagnosed cases of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

AHMAD, Hajra; KASHIF, Seemin; AFREEN, Asma; SAFDAR, Mahpara; AHMED, Zaheer

doi:10.1590/fst.47720

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Original Article • Food Sci. Technol (Campinas) 42 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.47720 copy

Comparative effect of Fenugreek and Cinnamon on management of newly diagnosed cases of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Clinical evidence suggests that T2DM and its complications can be prevented through regular intake of functional foods. This cost-effective way of managing T2DM in developing world might prove very beneficial. A randomized controlled trial was done to compare effects of Fenugreek and Cinnamon on treatment of newly diagnosed cases of T2 DM. Subjects were selected from Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Islamabad. Study was carried out in three phases: Phase I, baseline; Phase II, after 90 days and Pahse III at end of washout period. Subjects, from both genders, were within the age range of 40-65 years. There were 26 subjects in each group. Serum levels of FPG, HbA1c, fasting insulin levels, lipid profile were measured at baseline and at the end of 2nd and 3rd phases. BMI, WC and WHR were also studied in all phases of the study. SPSS (version 22) was used for analysis. Cinnamon seemed to have more effect on both anthropometric (BMI & WC) and biochemical (FPG, HbA1c, serum Insulin, serum cholesterol, HDL & LDL) parameters, as compared to Fenugreek, which had effect on WC, FPG, HbA1c, serum cholesterol and TG only. Although, the magnitude of these effects was similar in both groups.

Keywords:
Cinnamon; Fenugreek; nutraceuticals for T2DM; biochemical markers

Biochemical markers	Cinnamon			Fenugreek
Biochemical markers	Mean	N	SD*	Mean	N*	SD
FPG* (mg/dL) at baseline	156.35	26	32.74	150.62	26	26.83
FPG (mg/dL) at end of treatment phase	139.5	26	35.23	133.61	23	29.73
FPG (mg/dL) at end of wash out period	129.38	24	18.75	129	18	25.51
HbA1C (%) at baseline	7.95	26	1.12	7.6	26	1.14
HbA1C (%) at the end of treatment period	6.52	26	1.05	6.13	23	1.06
HbA1C (%) at the end of wash out period	6.32	24	0.94	6.28	18	1.18
Insulin in µIU/mL at baseline	26.34	26	20.95	30.12	26	28.84
Insulin (µIU/mL) at the end of treatment phase	18.52	26	11.82	24.03	23	11.72
Insulin (µIU/mL) at the end of wash out period	17.01	24	12.11	21.34	18	11.9
Cholesterol level (mg/dL)at baseline	188.31	26	36.23	202.23	26	33.58
Cholesterol (mg/dL) at end of treatment phase	175.23	26	37.52	185.52	23	33.96
Cholesterol (mg/dL) at the end of wash out period	157.83	24	25.23	175	18	22.93
HDL* (mg/dL) at baseline	39.58	26	9.63	41.27	26	14.73
HDL (mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	44.04	26	11.28	43.52	23	10.6
HDL (mg/dL) at the end of wash out period	46.25	24	9.75	45.56	18	13.45
LDL* (mg/dL) at baseline	117.42	26	36.35	113.77	26	37.77
LDL (mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	102.73	26	37.72	105.91	23	30.94
LDL (mg/dL) at the end of wash out period	92.67	24	33.39	106.33	18	28.11
VLDL* (mg/dL) at baseline	34.61	26	21.69	45.34	26	21.32
VLDL (mg/dL) at end of treatment phase	32.26	24	12.85	44.06	18	24.09
VLDL (mg/dL) at end of washout period	32.26	24	12.85	44.06	18	24.09
Triglyceride level (mg/dL) at baseline	173.04	26	108.4	226.69	26	106.59
Triglyceride level (mg/dL) at end of treatment phase	180.12	26	90.41	194.52	23	80.48
Triglyceride level (mg/dL) at end of wash out period	161.29	24	64.23	220.28	18	120.47

		Mean	N*	SD*	p-value
Cinnamon group:	BMI (in kg/m²) at baseline	28.32	26	6.20	0.000
Cinnamon group:	BMI (in kg/m²) at the end of treatment phase	27.18	26	5.61	0.000
Fenugreek group	BMI (in kg/m²) at baseline	27.42	23	4.86	0.342
Fenugreek group	BMI (in kg/m²) at the end of treatment phase	28.60	23	4.03	0.342
Cinnamon group:	WC (in inches) at baseline	39.82	26	4.79	0.001
Cinnamon group:	WC (in inches) at the end of treatment phase	38.44	26	4.05	0.001
Fenugreek group	WC (in inches) at baseline	40.48	23	3.60	0.001
Fenugreek group	WC (in inches) at the end of treatment phase	39.15	23	3.35	0.001
Cinnamon group:	FPG (in mg/dl) at the end of treatment phase	156.35	26	32.73	0.028
Cinnamon group:	FPG (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	139.50	26	35.22	0.028
Fenugreek group	FPG (in mg/dL) at baseline	145.61	23	22.25	0.029
Fenugreek group	FPG (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	133.61	23	29.73	0.029
Cinnamon group:	HbA1C percent at baseline	7.95	26	1.12	0.000
Cinnamon group:	HbA1C percent at the end of treatment period	6.52	26	1.05	0.000
Fenugreek group	HbA1C percent at baseline	7.64	23	1.02	0.000
Fenugreek group	HbA1C percent at the end of treatment period	6.13	23	1.06	0.000
Cinnamon group:	Insulin (in µIU/mL) at baseline	26.34	26	20.95	0.020
Cinnamon group:	Insulin (in µIU/mL) at the end of treatment phase	18.52	26	11.82	0.020
Fenugreek group	Insulin in µIU/mL at baseline	30.38	23	29.89	0.305
Fenugreek group	Insulin in µIU/mL at the end of treatment phase	24.03	23	11.72	0.305
Cinnamon group:	Cholesterol level (in mg/dL) at baseline	188.31	26	36.23	0.025
Cinnamon group:	Cholesterol level(in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	175.23	26	37.52	0.025
Fenugreek group	Cholesterol level at baseline	201.65	23	35.45	0.004
Fenugreek group	Cholesterol level at the end of treatment phase	185.52	23	33.96	0.004
Cinnamon group:	HDL (in mg/dL) at baseline	39.58	26	9.63	0.014
Cinnamon group:	HDL (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	44.04	26	11.28	0.014
Fenugreek group	HDL (in mg/dL) at baseline	40.83	23	15.58	0.237
Fenugreek group	HDL (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	43.52	23	10.60	0.237
Cinnamon group:	LDL (in mg/dL) at baseline	117.42	26	36.35	0.043
Cinnamon group:	LDL (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	102.73	26	37.72	0.043
Fenugreek group	LDL at baseline	111.52	23	39.51	0.218
Fenugreek group	LDL at the end of treatment phase	105.91	23	30.94	0.218
Cinnamon group:	Triglyceride level (in mg/dL) at baseline	173.04	26	108.45	0.723
Cinnamon group:	Triglyceride level (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	180.12	26	90.41	0.723
Fenugreek group	Triglyceride level (in mg/dL) at baseline	234.09	23	110.46	0.003
Fenugreek group	Triglyceride level (in mg/dL) at the end of treatment phase	194.52	23	80.48	0.003

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[1] *Corresponding author: zaheer_863@yahoo.com