Posturographic analysis of older adults without dementia and patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional study

Sant’Anna, Paula; Silva, Felipe de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina de Mello Alves; Plácido, Jéssica; Ferreira, José Vinicius; Meereis, Estele Caroline Welter; Praxedes, Jomilto; Marinho, Valeska; Laks, Jerson; Sobral, Renato; Deslandes, Andrea Camaz

doi:10.1590/1980-57642018dn13-020008

Paula Sant’Anna

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Felipe de Oliveira Silva

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Ana Carolina de Mello Alves Rodrigues

Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

Jéssica Plácido

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

José Vinicius Ferreira

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Estele Caroline Welter Meereis

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Jomilto Praxedes

Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Valeska Marinho

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Jerson Laks

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Renato Sobral Monteiro-Junior

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.

Andrea Camaz Deslandes Andrea Camaz Deslandes. Sylvio da Rocha Pollis St. 300 / house 02 - 22793-395 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil. E-mail: adeslandes@ufrj.br

Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

Andrea Camaz Deslandes. Sylvio da Rocha Pollis St. 300 / house 02 - 22793-395 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil. E-mail: adeslandes@ufrj.br

Disclosure: The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Authors contributions. Ms. Sant ‘Anna, Msc. de Oliveira Silva, Dr. Welter, Dr. Praxedes, and Dr. Deslandes conceptualized, carried out the analyses, revised the manuscript and designed the study. Ms. Sant ‘Anna, Msc. de Oliveira Silva, Msc. Ferreira, and Ms. Plácido collected data.Ms. Rodrigues and Dr. Monteiro-Junior carried out the analyses. Dr. Monteiro-Junior, Dr. Laks, Dr. Marinho, and Dr. Deslandes participated in conceptualizing the study, how to understand and analyze the results, and editing and revising the manuscript.Ms. Sant ‘Anna, Msc. de Oliveira Silva, Msc. Ferreira, Ms. Plácido, Dr. Monteiro-Junior, and Dr. Deslandes produced the original draft and performed editing. All authors reviewed and revised the manuscript and approved the final manuscript as submitted, and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Variables	Matlab codes
Anteroposterior displacements	$CoP ap = filtfilt (b, a, file (∶, 2)) 110;$
Anteroposterior displacements	$CoP AP = (\max (CoP ap) - \min (CoP ap));$
Mediolateral displacements	$CoP ml = filtfilt (b, a, file (∶, 1)) ./ 10;$
Mediolateral displacements	$CoP ML = (\max (CoP ml) - \min (CoP ml));$
Total displacements	$DOT = sum (sqrt ((CoP AP . ̂ 2) + (CoP ML . ̂ 2)));$
Total velocity	$TotalVel = sum (sqrt (diff (CoP AP) . ̂ 2 + diff (CoP ML) . ̂ 2)) ★ \frac{freq}{length} (CoP AP);$
Elliptical Area 95%	$[vec, vall = eig (cov (CoP AP, CoP ML));$
Elliptical Area 95%	$EA = pi ★ prod (2.4478 ★ sqrt (svd (vall)));$

Variable	CG (n=38)	AD (n=48)	t/U	p-value
Age, years	73.6 ± 9.11	80.2 ± 7.61	–3.66^a a t-test of independent samples;	<0.001^* * p < 0.05.
Education, years	12 (6.3)	9 (7)	–3.21^b b Mann-Whitney U test;	0.001^* * p < 0.05.
Gender, %females	92.1%	56.3%	16,79^c c Chi-Square;	<0.001^* * p < 0.05.
Total body mass, kg	64.5 (13.5)	64 (13.5)	0.33^b b Mann-Whitney U test;	0.730
Height, m	1.58 (0.1)	1.57 (0.2)	–0.14^b b Mann-Whitney U test;	0.880
BMI, kg/m²	25.96 ± 2.89	25.65 ± 4.23	0.38^a a t-test of independent samples;	0.705
Handgrip, kgf	23.3 (8.0)	21.5 (10.1)	–0.80^b b Mann-Whitney U test;	0.420
Falls, nº/year	0 (0.5)	0 (1.0)	–1.73^b b Mann-Whitney U test;	0.080
MMSE, score	29 (2.0)	20 (6.5)	–7.45^b b Mann-Whitney U test;	<0.001 ^* * p < 0.05.
CDR, score	0	1 (1)	–8.31^c c Chi-Square;	<0.001*

Dependent variables (Log)	CG (n=38)	AD (n=48)	t/U	p-value	ES (d)
BBS, Score	56 (1.0)	54 (4.0)	–4.56^a a t-test of independent samples;	<0.0010^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	–1.02^ d ≥ 0.80;
EA-OE, cm²	0.59 ± 0.68	1.15 ± 0.83	–3.39^a a t-test of independent samples;	0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	0.73
EA-CE, cm²	2.35 (1.97)	3.62 (5.85)	–3.44^b b Mann-Whitney U test; ES (d): effect size;	0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	0.83^ d ≥ 0.80;
CoPTD-OE, cm	4.65 ± 0.46	4.75 ± 0.46	–0.99^a a t-test of independent samples;	0.321	0.22
CoPTD-CE, cm	4.81 ± 0.45	4.93 ± 0.44	–1.15^a a t-test of independent samples;	0.250	0.25
TotVel-OE, cm/s	0.73 ± 0.30	1.01 ± 0.31	–4.29^a a t-test of independent samples;	<0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	0.92^ d ≥ 0.80;
TotVel-CE, cm/s	0.88 ± 0.31	1.28 ± 0.40	–5.06^a a t-test of independent samples;	<0.00^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	1.10^ d ≥ 0.80;
CoPAP-OE, cm	1.31 ± 0.35	1.44 ± 0.40	–1.52^a a t-test of independent samples;	0.131	0.34
CoPAP-CE, cm	1.47 ± 0.38	1.68 ± 0.41	–2.51^a a t-test of independent samples;	0.014^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	0.53
CoPML-OE, cm	0.82 (0.41)	1.03 (0.69)	–3.41^b b Mann-Whitney U test; ES (d): effect size;	0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	0.80^ d ≥ 0.80;
CoPML-CE, cm	0.92 (0.35)	1.29 (0.87)	–4.18^b b Mann-Whitney U test; ES (d): effect size;	<0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05; ^# # statistically significant after Bonferroni adjust.	0.96^ d ≥ 0.80;

	BBS (R² = 0.409; p < 0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05. )		EA-CE (R² = 0.188; p = 0.003^* * p ≤ 0.05. )		TotVel-OE (R² = 0.229; p < 0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05. )		TotVel-CE (R² = 0.242; p < 0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05. )		CoPML-OE (R² = 0.200; p < 0.002^* * p ≤ 0.05. )		CoPML-CE (R² = 0.190; p = 0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05. )
	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p	β	p
Diagnoses	–0.181	0.207	0.193	0.248	0.175	0.284	0.210	0.185	0.139	0.401	0.188	0.247
MMSE	0.169	0.251	–0.083	0.620	–0.169	0.302	–.0279	0.081	–0.118	0.479	–0.159	0.330
Age	–0.455	p < 0.001^* * p ≤ 0.05.	0.009	0.937	0.169	0.122	0.052	0.618	0.077	0.486	0.081	0.455
Gender	–0.43	0.660	–0.251	0.029^* * p ≤ 0.05.	–0.122	0.268	–0.086	0.421	–0.255	0.026	–0.197	0.077

[1] Andrea Camaz Deslandes. Sylvio da Rocha Pollis St. 300 / house 02 - 22793-395 Rio de Janeiro RJ - Brazil. E-mail: adeslandes@ufrj.br

Brasil

Brasil

Posturographic analysis of older adults without dementia and patients with Alzheimer’s disease: A cross-sectional study

Análise posturográfica de adultos idosos sem demência e com doença de Alzheimer: estudo de corte transversal

ABSTRACT.

Objective:

Methods:

Results:

Conclusion: