Mathematical Knowledge at Escola Normal Evangélica (Evangelical Normal School) in São Leopoldo

Silva, Circe Mary Silva da

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THEMATIC SECTION: MATHEMATICS EDUCATION • Educ. Real. 46 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-6236112046 copy

Mathematical Knowledge at Escola Normal Evangélica (Evangelical Normal School) in São Leopoldo

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The methods of document analysis and oral history were used to identify the place of mathematical knowledge in the Escola Normal Evangélica from 1950 to 1962. The sources used in the research were reports, photographs, official correspondence, newspaper articles of the time, circulars, bulletins, school notebooks and interviews. We concluded that the mathematical knowledge taught in the normal course, in the analyzed period, was compatible with that of regional normal schools, involving the contents of arithmetic, algebra and geometry. Pedagogical transfers took place between Brazil and Germany and, in addition, there were appropriations of knowledge for teaching, as a result of the approximation with other normal schools in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.

Keywords:
Teacher Education; Mathematics; Cultural Transference

Curriculum Course Grid of Escola Normal Evangélica	Organic Law of Education Ordinance no. 8,530 of January 2, 1946
Portuguese, Mathematics, History, Geography, Natural Sciences, Didactics and Teaching Practice, Psychology, Drawing, Handicrafts, Gymnastics, Music, Religion, German, Pedagogy, Harmonium, Violin, Calligraphy, English, French, Stenography and Business Bookeeping.	Portuguese, Mathematics, General Geography, Natural Sciences, Drawing and Calligraphy, Orpheonic Singing, Handicrafts and Home Economics, Physical Education, General History, Notions of human anatomy and physiology, History of Brazil, Notion of Hygiene, Psychology and Pedagogy, Didatics and Teaching Practice

Serie	Subject
1^st	Religion, German, Portuguese, Mathematics, General History, General Geography, Natural Sciences, Drawing, Gymnastics, Music, Harmonium, Violin.
2^nd	Religion, German, English, Portuguese, Mathematics, General History, General Geography, Natural Sciences, Drawing, Gymnastics, Music, Harmonium, Violin, Handicrafts, Calligraphy.
3^rd	Religion, German, English, Portuguese, Mathematics, Brazilian History, Brazilian Geography, Natural Sciences, Pedagogy, Educational Psychology, Didactics and Primary Education Practice, Gymnastics, Music, Harmonium, Violin, Handicrafts, Calligraphy, Typing.
4^th	Religion, German, English, Portuguese, Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Pedagogy, Educational Psychology, Didactics and Primary Education Practice, Gymnastics, Music, Harmonium, Violin, Shorthand, Bookkeeping.

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - Faculdade de Educação Avenida Paulo Gama, s/n, Faculdade de Educação - Prédio 12201 - Sala 914, 90046-900 Porto Alegre/RS Brasil, Tel.: (55 51) 3308-3268, Fax: (55 51) 3308-3985 - Porto Alegre - RS - Brazil
E-mail: educreal@ufrgs.br

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[1] Circe Mary Silva da Silva has a Ph.D. in Pedagogy from the University of Bielefeld, Germany, and retired professor of the Graduate Program in Education at the Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (Federal University of Espírito Santo). She is currently a permanent professor in the Master’s Program in Mathematics Education at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (Federal University of Pelotas). She was a Visiting Researcher at the MaxPlanck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin. It integrates the GHEMAT / BR. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-8029 E-mail: cmdynnikov@gmail.com

1st year 1950 Arithmetic, introduction to algebra; geometry) 162 pages	Arithmetic Review: four with whole and fractional numbers. Problems applied to buying and selling, number of students, distances covered, allinvolving the 4 operations of whole and fractional numbers. The letter x as an unknown value. Perimeter and quadrilateral area calculation problems. Numerical expressions. Letters x and y as two unknown variables be calculated in operations and problems. Divisibility: Maximum common divisor of two numbers, Least common multiple of two or more numbers. Problems with taps that fill tanks.
2nd year 1951 Units of measure, geometry Two notebooks with 146 and 70 pages	1st notebook: Decimal metric system: unit transformations. Monetary system. Problems applied. Problems of quadrilateral areas and lateral area and volume of prisms (cube, parallelepiped). Circumference: radius, arc, length. Problems applied to the circumference. Problems about speeds. Square root. 2nd notebook: arithmetic mean; operations with fractions; use of x as unknown variable; monomials and operations with them; proportions and properties; various applied problems including terrain measurements, calculation of areas and volumes, speeds. Percentages. Rule of three.
3rd year 1952A lgebr a a nd Geometry Two notebooks with 61 and 34 pages	1st notebook: Relative numbers. The four operations with relative numbers. Numerical expressions. Algebra: polynomials, operations. Square root and cubic root. Cube and parallelepiped volume. Binomial. Negative exponents. 2nd notebook: equations of the 1st degree. Cubic Root. Cube volume calculation. Numerical value of algebraic expressions.
4th year 1953A lgebr a a nd Geometry Notebook with 160 pages	Algebra: algebraic expressions. 2nd degree equation: relations between coefficients and roots. Solving high school equations. Equation systems: 3 equations and 3 variables. Recapitulation of Algebra: equations involving radicals, equation systems. Height of a triangle. Deductive geometry: theorems about perpendicularity, right angles, supplementary angles, angles opposed by the vertex, bisectors, bisector, postulate of parallels, parallelism, angles formed by two lines crossed by transversal, sum of the internal angles of a triangle, equality of triangles, parallelogram, rhombus, trapezoid, bisectors of a triangle, heights of a triangle, Thales’s Theorem, Pythagoras’ Theorem. Tithes, generatrix.